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Function Review

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Sasmer Asejo
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10 views

Function Review

Uploaded by

Sasmer Asejo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Review: Functions, Rational Functions,

Quadratic Functions, Exponential


Functions, and Logarithmic Functions
1. Functions
A function is a relation that assigns exactly one output for each input. Functions are often
written in the form f(x), where x is the input variable. The basic concept of a function is that
it provides a rule that assigns an output value to an input value.
Example: f(x) = 2x + 3. For each x value, you get a unique f(x) value.

Key Properties of Functions:

 - Domain: The set of all possible input values (x-values).


 - Range: The set of all possible output values (f(x)-values).

- One-to-one: A function is one-to-one if each output is the result of only one input.

2. Rational Functions
A rational function is a function that is the ratio of two polynomials. The general form is:
R(x) = P(x) / Q(x), where P(x) and Q(x) are polynomials, and Q(x) ≠ 0.

Key Characteristics of Rational Functions:

 - Vertical Asymptotes: Values of x where the denominator equals zero.


 - Horizontal Asymptotes: Determine the end behavior of the function as x approaches
infinity.
 - Holes: Points where both the numerator and denominator equal zero, resulting in
undefined points on the graph.

3. Quadratic Functions
A quadratic function is a second-degree polynomial function in the form of:
f(x) = ax² + bx + c, where a, b, and c are constants, and a ≠ 0.

Key Features of Quadratic Functions:

 - Parabola: The graph of a quadratic function is a U-shaped curve called a parabola.


 - Vertex: The highest or lowest point on the parabola, depending on the direction of its
opening.
 - Axis of Symmetry: A vertical line that passes through the vertex and divides the
parabola into two symmetric halves.
 - Roots/Zeros: The x-values where the parabola crosses the x-axis (solutions of the
equation f(x) = 0).

4. Exponential Functions
An exponential function is a function of the form:
f(x) = a * b^x, where a is a constant, b is the base (b > 0 and b ≠ 1), and x is the exponent.

Key Characteristics of Exponential Functions:

 - Growth/Decay: When b > 1, the function models exponential growth; when 0 < b < 1,
the function models exponential decay.
 - Asymptote: Exponential functions have a horizontal asymptote, typically along the x-
axis (y = 0).

5. Logarithmic Functions
A logarithmic function is the inverse of an exponential function and is written as:
f(x) = log_b(x), where b is the base of the logarithm, b > 0, and b ≠ 1.

Key Features of Logarithmic Functions:

 - Domain: Logarithmic functions are only defined for positive real numbers (x > 0).
 - Vertical Asymptote: Logarithmic functions have a vertical asymptote along the y-axis
(x = 0).
 - Inverse Relationship: The logarithmic function is the inverse of the exponential
function. This means log_b(b^x) = x and b^(log_b(x)) = x.

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