Welcom

e To
Presen
tation
Presente
d by:
Aqsa Nawaz

Amna Qadeer

Hafza Eman

Maryam
Sehrish
Func
tion
Isaac Newton(1642,1727) clearly considered the
concept,
If not the term of function is some of his earliest
work on calculus.
The term function was recognized by a
German ,Mathematician,
Gottfried, Whilhelm(Von), Leibniz(1646,1716) He also
introduced
Def of function:
“constant”,” Variable”,”Parameters”.
Dependence of one quantity on another. f:A B
Example:
Area”A”of a saqure dependence of its side “x” by
formula
A=x(square).It shows that the function of x
Ever function has Domain,Co-Domain &Range.
Evolution
of Function
The evolution of function be seen as Tug-of-war
Between two element.
Geometrical: Expressed in the form of curve.
Algebric:Expressed as formula ,so called analytic
expression.
If a ventrical line Intersect a graph more than one
point is
not a graph of function.

A Function Not a
Function
 Symbolic
representatio
If y depend on variable x .The Swiss mathematician Euler(1702-1783)
Invent symbolic representation to write “y is function of x”
y=f(x)

n
Types of functions
Function are divided on the basis of Element,
Range ,Equation &Domain.
Al gebric
Function
An algebraic is mathematically function that can
be expressed as a combination of variable,
Constant &Mathematically operations such as,
+,-,*,/ exponentiation.
For Example: f(X)=x 2 -5x

Logarithmi
The logarithmic function is an inverse function to
c Function
exponentiation .The logarithmic function is define as

Base of logarithm is a. That can be read as log base

a of x
Trigonometric
Function
Trigonometric Function are also known as circular
function
It can be define as:
The function of an angle of a .It mean that
relationship between the angle & sides of given
by these trigonometric function.
Inverse
Trigonometric
Function
Inverse trigonometric Function are inverse
function related to basic trigonometric
function of sin 0 x= can be changed to sin
x=0
 Greatest
F(x)= x Also known as bracket
Function function
=-2 if -2 x -1
= 1 if 1 x 2
= 3 if 3 x 4
Domain : Real
number
It shows theintegers
Range: integer part of x, which is nearest and smalle

Inverse
than x

Inverse function of function which reverse or “undo”

Function
another function. We use notation f
 Replace f(x) with y
Interchange x &y
Solve the equation
Replace y with f
(x)
 Rational
A fraction of which both numenator &denominator are
Function
rational number. A function in the form of f(x)=p(x)\q(x
Where p(x)&q(x) are polynomial function q(x)=0
For Example:
F(x)=x x+5
A line which forever approaches the
curve but never touches is called an

Signum
asymptote.

Function
Sign in Latin : The signum function simply gives the
sign for the given value of x.
1, x greater than 0
sgn(x) o,x= 0
-1 ,x less than 0
Composit
A composite function is created when function is
e
substituted in to another function.
Fog=f G(x)

function
You can always compose two functions.

Constant
function
A function from set A to B is constant if f(a)=b for
a belong to set A
Range of f only one element.

1
2 x
3 y
4 z
One to one Function
One to one function is also known as injective function
One to one function that each element of one set ,say
set (A) is a mapped with a unique element of another set
(B).
1 a a
2 b 1
b
3 c 2
c
4 b 3
d
So, form this we can say |A|=|B| or |A| |B|
Many to one function
A function is said to be many to one function if &
only when
Two or more element of set A have same image in
set B. 1 a
2 b
3 c
4 b
Onto
It is also surjection or surjective function. A function
Function
f A to set B is onto function if each element B is
mapped to at least one element A.
1 a
2 b
3 c
4 b

Into Function
A function is called is called into function if and only
if there exist at least one element in set B which not
the image of one element at set A. Co domain
Co=Range
domain=of f set of B a
1
Range of f= image of 2 b
element of A in set B 3 c
d
 Identity
An identity function is a polynomial function that maps
Function
to every element to itself. It is a function in which the
output is same in the input. Denoted1 by1“i”
F(x)=x belong to all real number2 2
3 3

Linear 4 4

A linear function is the form of f(x)=mx +b where

Function
“m”&”b” are real number.
M is the slope of line
B is the intercept of line
X is the independent value
F(x) is the dependent value

This is called algebric function.

Range &domain in linear function is
real.
Quadratic
A quadratic function is a polynomial function with one
Function
or more variable in which the highest exponents of the
one variable is two.
Standard Form:
ax2 +bx =c where a,b &c is real number where a
0
Domain & Range is real .
Polynomial 2

Function
A polynomial function is define by0y=a1 +a 2 x +an
x+---a x
Where n is non- negative integer the value a is belong
to real number .The highest power of in this
expression is the degree of the polynomial function.
Polynomial function are classified on the basis of their
degree. 2
 Cubic
Function
A cubic polynomial function is polynomial of degree
3 2
three denoted by f(x)=ax +bx =cr+d
Where a = 0 a, b ,c &d are constant{ x is variable.

Parametric
Function
A parametric equation is one every where the x &y are
coordinates of the curve of the both written as
function of another variable called a parameter.
This is usually given the letter t& 0
x =f(t) , y=g(t) , z=n(t) & so on.
For Example:
x=t^2 , y=2t
x=sin^2 0 ,y=cos^20
Inverse
hyperbolic
Function Inverse
hyperboli
Formula Domai
n
Range

c function

Function
Sin Sin h x ln [x+(x+1)^1/2] (-oo, oo) (-oo,oo)

Cosine Cos h x ln [x+(x-1)^1/2] [1,oo) [0,oo)

Tangent Tan h x 1/2ln[(1+x)/(1-x)] (-1,1) (-oo,oo)

Cosecant Csc h x ln [1+(1- (-oo,oo) (-oo.oo)

x^2)^1/2/x

Secant Sec h x ln [1+(1)^1/2- (0,1] [o,oo)

x^2/x

CoTangen Cot h x 1/2 ln [(x+1)/(x- (-oo,-1) (-oo,oo)

t 1)]
Implicit
Function
A function f(x,y ) = 0 such that it is a function of x,y
expressed as an equation with a variable of one side,
and equalized to 0.
For example:
y^2+xy=0
Implicit functions are not separated.

Explicit Function
An explicit function is one in which dependent
variable can be written explicitly in the term of the
independent variable
An explicit function is one in which the dependent
and independent variable are separated by the
equality on the opposite side.
For Example:
y=x+1
Even Function
A function f is even if f(-x),for all x in the domain of f
For Example:

Odd Function
A function f is odd if f(x) = f(-x) OR f(-x)= -f(x)
For all the domain of f.
Rational