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QT5 Y1 WK 5 Math Wri Ass

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5 views3 pages

QT5 Y1 WK 5 Math Wri Ass

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kwameworae87
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Q1

(i) Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Exponential Functions:
An exponential function is a mathematical expression in the form \( f(x) = a \cdot b^x \), where:
- \( a \) is a constant and represents the initial value.
- \( b \) is the base of the exponential function (must be a positive real number and \( b \neq 1 \)).
- \( x \) is the exponent and can be any real number.

Logarithmic Functions:
A logarithmic function is the inverse of an exponential function and is expressed as \( g(x) = \
log_b(x) \), where:
- \( b \) is the base of the logarithm (must be a positive real number and \( b \neq 1 \)).
- \( x \) is the argument of the logarithm and must be a positive real number.

Relationship:
The relationship between exponential and logarithmic functions is that they are inverses of each
other. If \( y = b^x \), then \( x = \log_b(y) \). This means that the logarithmic function "undoes"
the exponential function and vice versa.

Domain and Range:


- Exponential Functions:
- Domain: All real numbers (\( -\infty, \infty \))
- Range: Positive real numbers (\( 0, \infty \))
- Logarithmic Functions:
- Domain: Positive real numbers (\( 0, \infty \))
- Range: All real numbers (\( -\infty, \infty \))

(ii) Differences Between Exponential, Logarithmic, and Power Functions

Exponential Functions:
\[ f(x) = 2^x \]
- Growth Pattern: Rapid growth; increases faster as \( x \) increases.
- Special Points: \( y \)-intercept at (0,1), horizontal asymptote at \( y=0 \).

Logarithmic Functions:
\[ g(x) = \log_2(x) \]
- Growth Pattern: Slow growth; increases at a decreasing rate as \( x \) increases.
- Special Points: \( x \)-intercept at (1,0), vertical asymptote at \( x=0 \).

Power Functions:
\[ h(x) = x^2 \]
- Growth Pattern: Polynomial growth; increases faster than linear but slower than exponential
functions.
- Special Points: \( y \)-intercept at (0,0), no asymptotes.

Graphs:

![Exponential Function: \( f(x) = 2^x \)](https://www.desmos.com/calculator/p5qnvbsigm)


![Logarithmic Function: \( g(x) = \log_2(x) \)](https://www.desmos.com/calculator/vafafniiqb)
![Power Function: \( h(x) = x^2 \)](https://www.desmos.com/calculator/da7xoxhzlc)

(iii) How to Explain Exponential Growth

A function exhibits exponential growth if it increases at a rate proportional to its current value.
This means that as the input \( x \) increases, the output \( f(x) \) grows by a constant
multiplicative factor. Mathematically, an exponential growth function is of the form \( f(x) = a \
cdot b^x \) where \( b > 1 \).

(iv) Which Grows Faster: Exponential or Logarithmic Functions?

Exponential functions grow faster than logarithmic functions. This is because exponential
functions increase multiplicatively, leading to a rapid rise in values, whereas logarithmic
functions grow additively, leading to much slower growth. For large values of \( x \), \( 2^x \)
increases much more rapidly than \( \log_2(x) \).

(v) Observations from Graphs

Exponential Function \( f(x) = 2^x \):


- Growth Pattern: Rapid and continuous.
- Asymptotes: Horizontal asymptote at \( y=0 \).
- Intercepts: \( y \)-intercept at (0,1).

Logarithmic Function \( g(x) = \log_2(x) \):


- Growth Pattern:Slow and continuous.
- **Asymptotes:** Vertical asymptote at \( x=0 \).
- Intercepts:\( x \)-intercept at (1,0).

Power Function \( h(x) = x^2 \):


- **Growth Pattern:** Polynomial and symmetrical.
- Asymptotes: None.
- Intercepts: Origin (0,0).
References

- Stewart, J. (2015). Calculus: Early Transcendentals. Cengage Learning.


- Larson, R., & Edwards, B. H. (2014). Calculus. Cengage Learning.
- U.S. Geological Survey. (2024). Latest Earthquakes Map and List. Retrieved from [USGS]
(https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/)

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