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Functions

Functions are mathematical rules that assign outputs to inputs, taking various forms like algebraic expressions and graphs. They have domains and codomains, can be linear, quadratic, exponential, trigonometric or logarithmic. Functions have properties like injectivity and surjectivity and can be combined through addition, multiplication or composition.

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10 views

Functions

Functions are mathematical rules that assign outputs to inputs, taking various forms like algebraic expressions and graphs. They have domains and codomains, can be linear, quadratic, exponential, trigonometric or logarithmic. Functions have properties like injectivity and surjectivity and can be combined through addition, multiplication or composition.

Uploaded by

reachudayc
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions are fundamental mathematical entities that describe relationships between

inputs and outputs. They are widely used in various fields, including mathematics,
physics, engineering, economics, and computer science. Here's an introduction to
functions:

Definition: A function is a rule or correspondence that assigns to each element in


a set called the domain exactly one element in another set called the codomain. In
simpler terms, a function takes an input value and produces a unique output value.

Notation: Functions are typically denoted by letters, such as


𝑓
f,
𝑔
g, or
ℎ
h, and written as
𝑓
(
𝑥
)
f(x), where
𝑥
x is the input variable. The output of the function
𝑓
f corresponding to the input
𝑥
x is denoted as
𝑓
(
𝑥
)
f(x).

Domain and Codomain: The domain of a function is the set of all possible input
values for which the function is defined. The codomain is the set of all possible
output values. The range of a function is the set of all output values that the
function can produce.

Function Representation: Functions can be represented in various forms, including


algebraic expressions, tables, graphs, and verbal descriptions. Each representation
provides different insights into the behavior of the function.

Types of Functions:

Linear Functions: Functions that have a constant rate of change and graphically
appear as straight lines.
Quadratic Functions: Functions that have a squared term (e.g.,
𝑓
(
𝑥
)
=
𝑎
𝑥
2
+
𝑏
𝑥
+
𝑐
f(x)=ax
2
+bx+c) and graphically appear as parabolas.
Exponential Functions: Functions that have a constant base raised to a variable
exponent (e.g.,
𝑓
(
𝑥
)
=
𝑎
⋅
𝑏
𝑥
f(x)=a⋅b
x
).
Trigonometric Functions: Functions that involve trigonometric ratios such as sine,
cosine, and tangent.
Logarithmic Functions: Functions that are inverses of exponential functions (e.g.,
𝑓
(
𝑥
)
=
log
⁡
𝑏
(
𝑥
)
f(x)=log
b

(x)).
Piecewise Functions: Functions that are defined by different rules or expressions
over different intervals of the domain.
Properties of Functions:

Injectivity (One-to-One): Each input maps to a unique output.


Surjectivity (Onto): Every element in the codomain is the output of the function
for at least one input.
Bijectivity: The function is both injective and surjective.
Operations on Functions:

Addition and Subtraction: Functions can be added or subtracted pointwise.


Multiplication: Functions can be multiplied pointwise or by scalar multiplication.
Composition: The composition of two functions
𝑓
f and
𝑔
g is denoted as
𝑓
∘
𝑔
f∘g and represents applying
𝑔
g first and then
𝑓
f to the result.
Functions serve as powerful tools for modeling real-world phenomena, analyzing
data, solving equations, and making predictions. They provide a systematic way to
understand and describe relationships between variables, making them indispensable
in various areas of study and application.

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