LESSON. 3 GIO) seo wo VIN IRO What does it mean to add two functions f(x) and g(x)? Can we subtract functions? Can we perform multiplication and division of functions? In this lesson, we shall learn how to perform these operations on functions. But before we proceed, do the next activity to prepare you for this lesson. Perform the indicated operations and simplify. 4. (Tx + 1)(12x— 9) — (x + 2) 4. -5x (x +3) — 2x (x= 1) 2. (x-3)(2x-5) 5, Haus GYrom as5055)111H0 Let us define some operations on functions. In this definition, new functions are formed from the given functions by adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing function values. These new functions are called the sum, difference, product, and quotient of the original functions. Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient of Functions Given two functions f(x) and g(x), we define the following + Sum: (F+ g)00) = fl) + 91%) + Difference: (f— g)(x) = x) - g(x) + Product: (f+ g)(x) = lx) * g(x) + Quotient: (2)x)= 2), gx #0 In each case, the domain of the resulting function consists of those values of x common to the domains of f(x) and g(x), with the additional requirement in the case of quotients wherein the values of x for which g(x) = 0 are excluded. Rents sae Ca acesGeneral Matheny, Example 1 If fx) = 6x? = 12x- 19 and g(x) = x°— x8 + 8x—1, find 2. (f-a)(x) 4. (f+ g)(x) Solution 1. Find (F+ g)(x). Step 1. Apply the definition for adding functions. (f+ a(x) = fx) + 90) (F+ g)(x) = (6x2 12x— 19) + (@- + 8x—1) Step 2. Group similar terms and make sure that the terms are arranges in descending order. (F+ g)(x) = fx) + a(x) (f+ g)(x) = (6x? - 12x - 19) + (@- 2 + Bx- 1) (f+ g)(x) = 28 + (6x2 = x2) + (-12x + Bx) + (19-1) Step 3. Combine similar terms. (F* g)(x) = Ax) + a(x) (f+ g)(x) = (6x2 - 12x — 19) + (— 92 + Bx 1) (f+ g)(x) = 28+ (6x2 — 22) + (-12x + 8x) + (19-1) (f+ g)(x) = 6+ 5x?-4x-20 2. Find (F-9)(x). Step 1. Apply the formula for subtracting functions. (f= g)(x) = fx) - g(x) (f= g)(x) = (6X - 12x - 19) — (X° -? + 8x— 1) Step 2. Group similar terms and make sure that the terms are arranged in descending order with respect to the exponents. (f= g)(x) = fx) — g(x) (f= g)(x) = (Gx? — 12x - 19) — (9° - + 8x1) (f= g)(x) = 6 + (6x? + x2) + (-12x — 8x) + (-19 + 1) Step 3. Combine similar terms. (f- g){x) = fx) - 9”) (6x2 — 12x — 19) ~ (x9 — 92 + 8x1) 238 + (6x2 + x2) + (120 — Bx) + 19 + 1) “8 + 732 20x18 Retires OesteGeneral Mathematics Example 2 find (f+ 9)(x) Solution Step 1. Apply the definition for adding functions. (+ 90) = 19 + (9) (oy = ig + Step 2. Find the LCD of x?- 4 and x1. The LCD is (x + 1)(x- 1). (F# g)(x) = fx) + g(x) 3 (f+ g(x) = (000 = Sea Step 3. Simplify the expression. (f+ g(x) = Ax) + g(x) (fa) = y+ (+ 0) = ey (+90) = GET Exomple 3 WM) = FSH and glx) = TF, tind (Fo). Solution Step 1. Apply the definition for subtracting functions. (F=g)(x) = fix) = g(x) xe (9) = 44 - Step 2. Simplify. (f-g)(x) = Ax) - g(x) x+t (9) = 35h ~ Rees atestGeneral Mati x=4 (-90) = (F- 9) = 3 Example & womple 6 aha Ifa) = 8-27, g(x) = x2 + 3x +9, and h(x) = 4x1, find the following: | f f | 4. (Fe myx) 2. Qe 3 Zw | Solution 1. (Fe g(x) Step 1. Apply the definition for multiplying functions. (f+ hy(x) = Ax) © h(x) (f+ h)(x) = (@-27) (4x1) Step 2. Find the product of polynomials using the distributive law. (Fe h)(x) = F(x) + h(x) (f+ h(x) = (= 27) (4x-1) (fe h(x) = 4xt — 8 108x +27 2 (Le Step 1. Apply the definition for dividing functions. Goo = ar G)w = oe Step 2. Factor the numerator. Qe = ar (Qe = ste (Goo = SesrasGeneral Mathematics Step 3. Cancel common factors and simplify. i -2 ww = ae (hon = geese Qe = x-3 3. Heo Step 1. Apply the definition for dividing functions. f A Ge = co) f 4x-1 Goo = Sr Step 2. Since there are no common factors in the numerator and the denominator, this is already the simplest form. Ge = (Reo = $4 = EB and g(x) = S254, find the following: 4. ae) 2 Ge Solution 1. Find (f+ 9)(x). Step 1. Apply the definition for multiplying functions. (Fr g(x) = fix) + 9%) (Fr g(x) =