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Operations On Function Stem

The document defines operations on functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition. It provides examples of applying these operations to given functions f(x), g(x), and h(x). It works through determining functions like (f + g)(x), (f - g)(x), (f • g)(x), (h/g)(x), and the composition (f ∘ h)(x). It also evaluates these functions at specific values like (f + g)(3).

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Angela Magpantay
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38 views

Operations On Function Stem

The document defines operations on functions such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition. It provides examples of applying these operations to given functions f(x), g(x), and h(x). It works through determining functions like (f + g)(x), (f - g)(x), (f • g)(x), (h/g)(x), and the composition (f ∘ h)(x). It also evaluates these functions at specific values like (f + g)(3).

Uploaded by

Angela Magpantay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operations on Function

Definition. Let f and g be functions.


1. Their sum, denoted by 𝑓 + 𝑔, is the function denoted by
(𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥).

2. Their difference, denoted by 𝑓 − 𝑔, is the function denoted by


(𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥).

3. Their product, denoted by 𝑓 • 𝑔, is the function denoted by


(𝑓 • 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) • 𝑔(𝑥).
4. Their quotient, denoted by f/𝑔, is the function denoted by
(𝑓/𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)/𝑔(𝑥),
excluding the values of x where 𝑔(𝑥) = 0.

5. The composite function denoted by


(𝑓 ° 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑔(𝑥)).
The process of obtaining a composite function is called function
composition
Example
Given the functions:
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1 ℎ(𝑥) = 2x^2 + 9𝑥 − 5

Determine the following functions:


a. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥)

b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)

c. (𝑓 • 𝑔)(𝑥)

d. (ℎ/𝑔)(𝑥)
Example
𝑒. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(3)

𝑓. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(3)

𝑔. (𝑓 • 𝑔)(3)

ℎ. (ℎ/𝑔)(3)
Example
Solution:
𝑎. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑔(𝑥) definition of addition of functions
= (𝑥 + 5) + (2𝑥 − 1) replace f(x) and g(x) by the given values
= 3𝑥 + 4 combine like term
Example
b. (𝑓 − 𝑔)(𝑥)
= 𝑓(𝑥) − 𝑔(𝑥) definition of subtraction of functions
= (𝑥 + 5) − (2𝑥 − 1) replace f(x) and g(x) by the given values
= 𝑥 + 5 − 2𝑥 + 1 distribute the negative sign
(f-g)(x)= −𝑥 + 6 combine like terms
Example
c. (𝑓 • 𝑔)(𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) • 𝑔(𝑥) definition of multiplication of functions
= (𝑥 + 5) • (2𝑥 − 1) replace f(x) and g(x) by the given values
(f = + 9𝑥 − 5 multiply the binomials

- x + 10x - 5 = + 9x - 5
Example

d. (h/𝑔) (𝑥) = definition of division of functions


= replace h(x) and g(x) by the given values
= factor the numerator
= cancel out common factors
(h(x)/g(x)) = 𝑥 + 5

(x + 5)(2x - 1) = -x +10x -5
= + 9x - 5
Example
e. (𝑓 + 𝑔)(3) = 𝑓(3) + 𝑔(3)

Solve for 𝑓(3) and 𝑔(3) separately:


𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 5 𝑔(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 1
𝑓(3) = 3 + 5 𝑔(3) = 2(3) − 1
=8 =5
∴ 𝑓(3) + 𝑔(3) = 8 + 5 = 13
Continuation.
Alternative solutions:

(f + g)(x) = 3x + 4 function from item a


(f + g)(3) = 3(3) + 4 replace x by 3
=9+4 multiply
= 13 add
For item f to h we will use the values of f(3) = 8 and g(3) = 5
f. (f - g)(3) = f(3) - g(3) definition of subtraction of functions
=8-5 replace f(3) and g(3) by the given values
=3 subtract

Alternative solution:
(f - g)(x) = -x + 6 resulted functions from item b
(f - g)(3) = -3 + 6 replace x by 3
=3 simplify
g. (f g)(3) = f(3) g(3) definition of multiplication of functions
=8 replace f(3) and g(3) by the given values
= 40 multiply

Alternative solution:
(f g)(x) = resulted function from item c
() = + 9(3) - 5 replace x by 3
= 2(9) + 27 - 5 multiply
= 40
h. )(3) =

Solve for h(3) and g(3) separately:


h(x) = + 9x - 5 g(x) = 2x - 1
h(3) = + 9(3) - 5 g(3) = 2(3) - 1
= 18 + 27 - 5 =5
= 40
(3) = = = 8
Alternative solution:

()(x) = x + 5 resulted function from item d


()(x) = 3 + 5 replace x by 3
=8 simplify
Composition of functions:
Example: Given 𝑓(𝑥) = + 5𝑥 + 6, and ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2
Find the following:
a. (𝑓 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥)
b. (𝑓 ∘ ℎ)(4)
Solution:
a. (𝑓 ∘ ℎ)(𝑥) = 𝑓(ℎ(𝑥)) definition of function composition
= 𝑓(𝑥 + 2) replace h(x) by x + 2
Since f(𝑥) = + 5𝑥 + 6 given
𝑓(𝑥 + 2) = + 5(𝑥 + 2) + 6 replace x by x + 2
= + 4𝑥+ 4 + 5𝑥+ 10 + 6 perform the operations
= + 9𝑥 + 20 combine similar terms
b. (𝑓∘ℎ)(4) = f(ℎ(4))
Step 1. Evaluate h(4) Step 2. Evaluate 𝑓(6)
ℎ(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 2 𝑓(𝑥) = + 5𝑥 + 6
h(4) = 4 + 2 f(6) = + 5(6) + 6
=6 = 36 + 30 + 6
= 72
(𝑓∘ℎ)(4) = 𝑓(ℎ((4))
= f(6)
= 72
Alternative solution:
(𝑓 ∘h)(𝑥)) = 𝑓(ℎ(𝑥)) definition of function composition
𝑓(ℎ(𝑥)) = + 9𝑥 + 20, from item a
(𝑓∘h)(4)) = + 9(4) + 20 replace all x’s by 4
= 16 + 36 + 20 perform the indicated operations
= 72 simplify

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