Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education

GARRY L. PANGAN, PhD

MASTER TEACHER II

JANE P. VALENCIA, EdD

Topic: Operations on Functions
Learning Competency: Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication,
division and composition of functions
Subtasks: Find the sum, difference, product, quotient and composition of
the given function.

Wow!
Hello! I’m Stella, your Math guiding star!
Yes, I’m Zi

I am confused with
What happened? operations of function. I
cannot follow with the
Do not worry Zi, I discussions, so I think I will
will help you.. not get a good score in
our activity.

Okay! I want you to read the

concepts below, so you can Really Stella?
easily understand

Yes, are you ready ? Yes, Stella

Although functions are not numbers, the fundamental operations of addition,

subtraction, multiplication and division may be applied to them to obtain a new
function.

THE SUM OF FUNCTIONS

If f and g are functions, their sum is the function defined as
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)

EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2
𝑥+1 2𝑥−3
Let f(x) = 2x2-3x-2 and g(x) = x2+4x-5 Let f(x)= 2 and g(x)= 4
find (f + g)(x) find (f + g)(x)

SOLUTION SOLUTION
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
(f + g)(x)= f(x) + g(x) 𝑥+1 2𝑥−3
(f + g)(x) = + 4
2
(f + g)(x)= (2x2 - 3x - 2 ) + (x2 + 4x - 5) 2 𝑥+1 +2𝑥−3
(f + g)(x) = 4
(f + g)(x)= 3x2 + x - 7 2𝑥+2+2𝑥−3
(f + g)(x) = 4
4𝑥−1
f + g)(x) = 4
 THE DIFFERENCE OF FUNCTIONS
If f and g are functions, their difference is the function defined as
(f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x)

EXAMPLE 3
Let f(x) = 5x2-8x+7, g(x) = 4x2-9, and h(x) = 3x2-6x+5.
Find (f - g)(x) and (h - f)(x)

SOLUTION SOLUTION
(f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x) (h - f)(x) = h(x) - f(x)
(f - g)(x) = (5x2 - 8x +7) - (4x2 - 9) (h - f)(x) = (3x2 - 6x +5) - (5x2 - 8x +7)
(f - g)(x) = 5x2 - 8x +7 - 4x2 + 9 (f - g)(x) = 3x2 - 6x +5 - 5x2 + 8x - 7
(f - g)(x) = x2 - 8x +16 (f - g)(x) = -2x2 + 2x - 2

THE PRODUCT OF FUNCTIONS

If f and g are functions, their product is the function defined as
(f • g)(x) = f(x) • g(x)

EXAMPLE 4
𝑥 2 −1 𝑥 2 −4
Let 𝑓 𝑥 = and 𝑔 𝑥 = . Find (f • g)(x) and (g• f)(x)
𝑥+2 𝑥−1

SOLUTION SOLUTION
Apply factoring whenever possible Apply factoring whenever possible
to facilitate multiplication. to facilitate multiplication.

𝑓∙𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥 ∙𝑔 𝑥 𝑔∙𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑔 𝑥 ∙𝑓 𝑥

𝑥2 − 1 𝑥2 − 4 𝑥2 − 4 𝑥2 − 1
𝑓∙𝑔 𝑥 = ∙ 𝑓∙𝑔 𝑥 = ∙
𝑥+2 𝑥−1 𝑥−1 𝑥+2

(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2) (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)

𝑓∙𝑔 𝑥 = ∙ 𝑓∙𝑔 𝑥 = ∙
𝑥+2 (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 1) 𝑥+2

𝑓∙𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥+1 𝑥−2 𝑓∙𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥−2 𝑥+1

𝑓 ∙ 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 2 𝑓 ∙ 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥2 − 𝑥 − 2
 THE QUOTIENT OF FUNCTIONS
If f and g are functions, their quotient is the function defined as
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
(𝑥) =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥)

EXAMPLE 5
𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 𝑥 2 −2𝑥−3 𝑓 𝑔
Let f(x) = , and g(x) = Find (𝑥) and (𝑥)
6 8 𝑔 𝑓

SOLUTION SOLUTION
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) g 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑥 = 𝑥 =
𝑔 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 6 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 g 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 + 6
𝑥 = ÷ 𝑥 = ÷
𝑔 6 8 𝑓 8 6
𝑓 𝑥 2 −5𝑥+6 3 g 𝑥 2 −2𝑥−3 6
(𝑥)= ∙ 2 (𝑥) = ∙ 𝑥 2+5𝑥+6
𝑔 6 𝑥 −2𝑥−3 𝑓 3

𝑓 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2) 8 g (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) 6
𝑥 = ∙ 𝑥 = ∙
𝑔 6 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 1) 𝑓 8 (𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 − 2)
𝑓 4(𝑥 − 2) g 3(𝑥 + 1)
𝑥 = 𝑥 =
𝑔 3(𝑥 + 1) 𝑓 4(𝑥 − 2)
𝑓 4𝑥 − 8 g 3𝑥 + 3
𝑥 = 𝑥 =
𝑔 3𝑥 + 3 𝑓 4𝑥 − 8

THE COMPOSITE FUNCTION

If f and g are functions, the composite function f with g is defined as
(f ◦ g)(x) = f [g(x)]
The symbol f ◦ g is read as “ f circle g”
The definition suggests that in computing for (f ◦ g)(x), first, apply the function g
to x and then the function f to g(x).

EXAMPLE 6
Let f(x)=3x - 4, g(x)= x2 - 2x - 4 , and h(x) = x +1. Find the following
a. (g ◦ h)(x) b. (f ◦ g)(2) c. (h ◦ f)(-1)

SOLUTION SOLUTION SOLUTION

(g ◦ h)(x) = g[h(x)] f ◦ g (2) = f[g(2)] (h ◦ f)(-1) = h[f(-1)]
(g ◦ h)(x) = h(x)]2-2[h(x)]-4 f ◦ g (x) = f[g(x)] (h ◦ f)(x) = h[f(x)]
(g ◦ h)(x) = [x+1]2-2[x+1]-4 f ◦ g (x) = 3[g(x)]-4 (h ◦ f)(x) = f(x)+1
(g ◦ h)(x) = x2+2x+1 -2x-2-4 f ◦ g (x) = 3[x2-2x-4]-4 (h ◦ f)(x) = 3x – 4 +1
(g ◦ h)(x) = x2-5 f ◦ g (2) = 3[(2)2-2(2)-4]-4 (h ◦ f)(-1) = 3(-1) - 4 + 1
f ◦ g (2) = 3[4-4-4]-4 (h ◦ f)(-1) = -3 – 4 + 1
f ◦ g (2) = 3[-4]-4 (h ◦ f)(-1) = -6
f ◦ g (2) = -16
 Very good Zi!
Now, let’s do some exercises for practice

ACTIVITY 1 ACTIVITY 2
Let f, g and h be defined as f(x) = x - 2, Let f(x) = 2x - 1, g(x) = x2 – 2 x+ 1. Find
g(x) = x2 - 4,and h(x) = 2x + 3. Find a. (f ◦ g)(x)
a. (f + g)(x) e. (h + g)(x)
b. (g ◦ f)(x)
b. (f - g)(x) f.(h - f)(x)
c. (f ◦ f)(-1)
c. (h • f)(x g. (f •g)(x)
d. (g ◦ g)(2)
d. (g/f)(x) h. (h/f)(x)
e. (f ◦ g)(-3)

Let’s try working with

these……..

ACTIVITY 1
Find (f + g)(x), (f - g)(x), (f • g)(x) and (f/g)(x)
1. f(x)=3x+4, g(x)= 2x-1
2. f(x) =2x-5, g(x)=4x2
3. f(x)=x-1, g(x)=2x2 + x - 3

ACTIVITY 2
Find (f ◦ g)(x), (g ◦ f)(x), and (f ◦ g)(x)
1. f(x)=2x+1, g(x)=3x-2
2. f(x)=5x-3, g(x)= x2-3
3. f(x)=2x-3, g(x) = (x+3)/2
 Since you were able to solve all the problems in the
previous activity, I want you to solve the last activity
Good luck!

WHO IS THE FATHER OF GEOMETRY?

To find the answer, write the letter that matches each expression below

10x2 + 3x - 4 7x + 3 4x2 - 5x - 5 2x + 1 27 20x2 - 1

Let f(x) = 2x - 1, g(x) = 5x + 4 and h(x)=4x2 - 1, find

U E L
(g + f)(x) (f • g)(x) (h/f)(x)

C D I
(h - g)(x) (g ◦ h)(x) (f ◦ g)(2)

Thank you Stella!

I learned a lot.
 You’re welcome!
For you to learn more,
you can read on the
following references.

1. THE SUM OF FUNCTIONS

If f and g are functions, their sum is the function defined as (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
2. THE DIFFERENCE OF FUNCTIONS
If f and g are functions, their difference is the function defined as (f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x)
3. THE PRODUCT OF FUNCTIONS
If f and g are functions, their product is the function defined as(f • g)(x) = f(x) • g(x)
4. THE QUOTIENT OF FUNCTIONS
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
If f and g are functions, their quotient is the function defined as 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑥)
5. THE COMPOSITE FUNCTION
If f and g are functions, the composite function f with g is defined as (f ◦ g)(x) = f [g(x)]
The symbol f ◦ g is read as “ f circle g” The definition suggests that in computing for
(f ◦ g)(x), first, apply the function g to x and then the function f to g(x).

REFERENCES
Advance Algebra, Trigonometry and Statistics by Fenando B. Orines et.al. pages 71-79
General Mathematics Learner’s Material pages 13-20
General Mathematics by Orlando A. Oronce pages 29-39
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clipart/

ACTIVITY CARD
ACTIVITY 1
a. x2+x-6 b. –x2+x+2 c. 2x2-x-6 d. x+2
e. x2+2x-1 f. x+5 g. x3-2x2-4x+8 h. (2x+30/(x-2)

ACTIVITY 2
a. 2x2-4x+1 b. 4x2-8x+4 c. 4x-3
d. x4-4x3+4x2 e. 31

ASSESSMENT CARD
ACTIVITY 1
1.(f +g)(x)= 5x + 3 2. (f +g)(x) = 4x2 + 2x -5 3. (f +g)(x) = 2x2 + 2x - 4
(f - g)(x)= x + 5 (f - g)(x)= -4x2 + 2x - 5 (f - g)(x)= -2x2 + 2
(f •g)(x)= 6x2 + 11x + 4 (f •g)(x)= 8x3 - 20x2 (f •g)(x)= 2x3 - x2 – 4x + 3
(f /g) (x)= (3x + 4)/(2x - 1) (f /g) (x)= (2x - 5)/(4x2) (f /g) (x)= 1/(2x + 3)

ENRICHMENT CARD
E U C L I D