Addition, Subtraction,

multiplication, Division
and composition of
functions.
Self-Paced Learning Module

Subject Area General Mathematics

Grade Level Grade 11
Content Domain
Content Standard The learner demonstrates
understanding of key
concepts of functions
Performance Standard The learner is able to
accurately construct
mathematical models to
represent real-life situations
using functions.
Competency Perform Addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division and
composition of functions.

Author:
STEPHEN R. ATIENZA
SHST-II, DepEd, Division of Camiguin

Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines

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 General Instruction to the
Teachers

 This module is for students who have least

mastered skill in kinds of addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division and
compositions of functions and those that are
absent when you taught it. Make sure that
they have mastered the prerequisite concepts
contained in this module
 Revise or provide contextualized examples
and activities suggested herein based on the
learner’s specific need/s.
 Remind students to use another sheet to
write his/her answers to the given activities
 Make sure to retrieve the module after use.
Fill up the Module User at the back page for
monitoring.

General Instruction to the

Students

 Use another sheet to write your answers to the

given activities
 Read and answer the activities carefully and
review it afterwards.
 Fill up the Module User at the back page to
record the dates that you received and
returned this module
 Take care of this module. Your classmates
may use this as well.

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WHAT IS THIS MODULE ALL ABOUT?

In our daily life, we always struggle to find solutions to problems

we encounter. May it be for enhancement, improvement, development
or innovation to uplift or make our life more convenient. We gather
information and entertain queries or inquiry to find probable answers
to questions or problems. Thus, Mathematics has become part of our
daily life.
Mathematics is noticeable in our lives at all ages and in any
circumstances. This module aims senior high school students to be
critical thinkers and problem solvers and to empower students with
lifelong learning and helps them attain functional literacy. Each
lesson in the module is presented with easy to follow examples and
exercises. The items in the set of exercises are intended to aid the
learners in understanding the concepts presented in the lesson and
strengthen the skills of the students in computing, reasoning, arriving
at conjectures or conclusions, proving and decision making. Thus,
engaging the learners for a higher level thinking skills.
In this module, you will be encountering and tackling
Functions, rational functions, exponential, logarithmic and basic
concepts in business math and logic.

WHAT DO YOU EXPECT TO LEARN?

After studying this unit, you are expected to Perform addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division and composition of functions.

HOW ARE YOU GOING TO LEARN?

This icon signals a pre-test that you need to

answer to determine how much you about the
topic. At every pre-test, you will find a question
to answer. Write your answers in the blank

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provided for or as instructed in the pre-test. If
you cannot answer a question may leave it
blank. But see to it that you go back to check
after you have studied or read the text.

You will find this icon before some chunks of

text in the following pages. It tells you to
carefully study the concepts, principles, or
processes discussed in the text. It also tells you
that there is a question to answer or an idea to
think about it.

This icon introduces a list of important ideas to

remember. Read it carefully and keep it in
mind.

From the good habit of reviewing the text and

how much time, effort, interest and patience
you invest in your learning will determine how
sure you are in having good scores in the
checkpoint. Your attitude will help you learn
more and effectively that makes you a better
learner.

You will find this icon at the end of every

lesson. It signals a self-test to determine how
well you have achieved the objectives set in the
unit. Study the lesson well and you will perform
quite well in the self-test. This will be submitted
to your teacher after you answering the self-
test. Write legibly and always follow
instructions properly.

This icon tells you of an assignment you have to

perform. The quality of your output from this
assignment will show the extent to which you
can apply what have you learned from the
lesson. Submit this also to your teacher at the
date specified.

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Source of icons: ___________________

Are you now set to perform the activity, answer the questions,
and read the texts? If so, then you may get your ball pen and
notebook as I will request you to answer the questions included
herein.
Good luck, enjoy reading and doing the activity. God bless.

LESSON 1: Functions

PRE-TEST AND SELF-CHECK

Answer the questions below. Follow instructions properly.

Let g(x) = 10x – 12. Find the following values of the function.

a. g (2) __________?
b. g (4) __________?
c. g (0) __________?
d. g (9) __________?
e. g (-1/5) __________?

INTRODUCTION

You are used to adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing real numbers—you do
these operations every day in a variety of situations. You have also learned how to
perform these four basic operations on algebraic expressions. So while you may not
need to calculate   too often, you do know how to do it.
 
If you know how to perform the four basic operations on polynomials, then you can
also add, subtract, multiply, and divide functions. The notation will look different at
first—but knowing a couple of steps can help you arrive at the correct answer.
 
Understanding Notation
A function is a correspondence between two sets: the domain and the range. In
addition to evaluating functions, you can do operations with functions.
 

Operations with
Functions
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 We can add, subtract, multiply and divide
functions!

The result is a new function.

Let us try doing those operations on f(x) and g(x):

Addition

We can add two functions:

(f+g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)

Note: we put the  f+g  inside  ()  to show they both work on  x.

Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2

(f+g)(x) = (2x+3) + (x2) = x2+2x+3

Sometimes we may need to combine like terms:

Example: v(x) = 5x+1, w(x) = 3x-2

(v+w)(x) = (5x+1) + (3x-2) = 8x-1

The only other thing to worry about is the Domain (the set of numbers
that go into the function), but I will talk about that later!

Subtraction

We can also subtract two functions:

(f-g)(x) = f(x) − g(x)

Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2

(f-g)(x) = (2x+3) − (x2)

 

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 Multiplication

We can multiply two functions:

(f·g)(x) = f(x) · g(x)

Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2

(f·g)(x) = (2x+3)(x2) = 2x3 + 3x2

Division

And we can divide two functions:

(f/g)(x) = f(x) / g(x)

Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2

(f/g)(x) = (2x+3)/x2

Function Composition
There is another special operation called Function
Composition,   (g º f)(x)
read that page to find out more!

Domains
It has been very easy so far, but now we must consider
the Domains of the functions.

The domain is the set of all the values that go into a function.

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The function must work for all values we give it, so it is up to us to
make sure we get the domain correct!

Example: the domain for √x (the square root of x)

We can't have the square root of a negative number (unless we use

imaginary numbers, but we aren't doing that here), so we
must exclude negative numbers:

The Domain of √x is all non-negative Real Numbers

On the Number Line it looks like:

Using set-builder notation it is written:

{x  | x ≥ 0}

"the set of all x's that are a member of the Real Numbers,
such that x is greater than or equal to zero"

Or using interval notation it is:

[0,+∞)

It is important to get the Domain right, or we will get bad results!

So how do we work out the new domain after doing an operation?

How to Work Out the New

Domain
When we do operations on functions, we end up with the restrictions
of both.

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It is like cooking for friends:

 one can't eat peanuts,

 the other can't eat dairy food.

So what we cook can't have peanuts and also can't have dairy

products.

Example: f(x)=√x and g(x)=√(3−x)

The domain for f(x)=√x is from 0 onwards:

The domain for g(x)=√(3−x) is up to and including 3:

So the new domain (after adding or whatever) is from 0 to 3:

If we choose any other value, then one or the other part of the new
function won't work.

EXAMPLES:
A function is a relation that assigns to each input value exactly
one output value. Like numbers and polynomials we can add,
subtract, multiply and divide functions which results into a new
function. Below are the rules to perform these operations on
functions.
Let f(x) and g(x) be two functions:

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Addition
We can add two functions as:

(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)

Example:
f(x) = 2x2 + 3x – 4 and g(x) = 2x + 3
(f + g)(x) = (2x 2 + 3x – 4) + (2x + 3)
= 2x2 + 5x – 1
Subtraction
We can subtract two functions as:

(f – g)(x) = f(x) – g(x)

Example:
f(x) = 2x2 + 3x – 4 and g(x) = 2x + 3
(f – g)(x) = (2x 2 + 3x – 4) – (2x + 3)
= 2x2 + x – 7
Multiplication
(f•g)(x) = f(x)•g(x)

Example:
f(x) = 3x – 5 and g(x) = x

(f•g)(x) = (3x – 5)•(x)

= 3x2 – 5x
Division
(f/g)(x) = f(x)/g(x)

Example:

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f(x) = 3x2 + 4x – 3 and g(x) = x
(f/g)(x) = (3x2 + 4x – 3)/x
= 3x + 4 – 3/x

A composite function is a function that depends on another function.

A composite function is created when one function is substituted into
another function. For example, f(g(x)) is the composite function that is
formed when g(x) is substituted for x in f(x). f(g(x)) is read as “f of g of x”.

Composition of
Functions
"Function Composition" is applying one function to the results of
another:

The result of f() is sent through g()

It is written: (g º f)(x)

Which means: g(f(x))

Example: f(x) = 2x+3 and g(x) = x2

"x" is just a placeholder. To avoid confusion let's just call it "input":

f(input) = 2(input)+3

g(input) = (input)2

Let's start:

(g º f)(x) = g(f(x))

First we apply f, then apply g to that result:

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 (g º f)(x) = (2x+3)2
 

What if we reverse the order of f and g?

(f º g)(x) = f(g(x))

First we apply g, then apply f to that result:

(f º g)(x) = 2x2+3
 

We get a different result!

When we reverse the order the result is rarely the same.

So be careful which function comes first.

Guided Activity 1:
Combining Functions by Addition Subtraction Multiplication and
Division
Example:
f(x) = 3x2 + 4
g(x) = x – 5

(f + g)(x) =
(f - g) (x) =
(f.g) (x) =
(f/g) (x) =

GUIDED ACTIVITY 2:

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 ENTRY CARD
Perform the indicated operations.
a. ( 4 x+3 )+(3 x−2)
b. ( 2 x 2−3 x−2 )−(4 x2 +5 x+ 3)
c. (2 x−3)(x+ 4)
d. ( x 2−5 x+ 2)(3 x +1)
e. (2 x 2−9 x−35)÷(2 x +5)

Guided Activity 3:

 Study and solve the problem below:

The certain plant A grows up to 0.05 cm every month, while plant B grows
up to 0.65 cm every month. If the initial height of plant A is 10 cm and plant B
is 8 cm, find a function C(h) that represents the difference between the height
of plant A and plant B after 6 months.
B. Analysis
 Present and discuss your answers to the class.

Guide Questions:
A. Determine whether or not each statement is True or False. Explain
your answer.
1. If f ( x )=x−3 and g ( x )=x+ 4 , then ( f −g ) ( x )=−7
2. If f ( x )=x +6 and g ( x )=3 x, then g ( 3 )=1. (f )
3. If f ( x )=4 x−12 and g ( x )=x−3, then ( f + g )( 2 ) =−5
4. If f ( x )=x +3 and g ( x )=4 x , then ( f ∙ g ) ( 2 )=40
5. If f ( x )=3 x +2 and g ( x )=4 x −1, then ( f −g ) (−3 )=6
6. The functions f ° g and f ∙ g are always the same
7. If f ( x )= √ x and g ( x )=x−4 , then g ( f ( x ) )=f (g ( x )) for every x
f
B. Find f +g , f −g, f ∙ g, and g .
1. f (x)=3 x + 4, g( x )=2 x−1
2. f ( x )=x−4 , g ( x )= √ x
x−5 4x
3. f ( x )= 3 x+ 7 , g ( x )=
3 x +7
C. Find ( f ° g ) ( x ) , ( g ° f )( x ) ,∧(f ° g)(3)
1. f ( x )=2 x , g ( x )=x+ 5
2. f ( x )=2 x +1, g ( x )=3 x−2

SELF-CHECK.

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Directions: Do as directed. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. How do you add, subtract, multiply and divide function?
GUIDED ACTIVITY 4.

1. Add the functions f(x) = x + 2 and g(x) = 5x – 6

2. Given f(x) = x + 2 and g(x) = 5x – 6, find (f – g) (x)

3. Multiply the functions f(x) = x + 2 and g(x) = 5x – 6

POSTTEST AND SELF-CHECK

(To be constructed)

REFERENCES

Infante,Francis Nelson M.,Apolinario, Paulo Luis.,Sin, Jose Lorenzo M. (2016). Management

team of the General Mathematics Learner’s material, Bureau of Curriculum development.

https://google.com

MODULE CHALLENGE

MODULE USERS
Name of Student Date Student’s Date Teacher’s
Received Signature Returne Signature
d

This module may be adopted, modified

and reproduced for educational
14 purposes with
appropriate credit to the author.
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