ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF

FUNCTION
RULES FOR INTEGERS (ADDITION)
‫؞‬Rule(s) in adding integers
‫؞‬Same sign.
Add the number and copy the sign
‫؞‬Different sign.
Subtract the number and copy the sign of the bigger
number
RULES FOR INTEGERS (SUBTRACTION)
‫؞‬Rule in subtracting integers
‫؞‬Change the sign of the subtrahend and proceed to addition.
Or simply remember “keep(sign of the minuend),
change(operation), change(sign of the subtrahend)
➢ For two functions 𝑓 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) with real number
outputs, we define new functions 𝑓 + 𝑔, 𝑓 − 𝑔, 𝑓𝑔 or 𝑓 ∙
𝑓
𝑔, and by the relations
𝑔
(𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)+𝑔(𝑥) ……………………………… Addition
(𝑓−𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)−𝑔(𝑥) …………………………….. Subtraction
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) ..................................... Multiplication
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑔
𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑥)
, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑔(𝑥)≠0 ………….... Division
 Example:
Given: f(x) = 3x + 1, Find: A. (f + g)(x)
g(x) = 5x +2, B. (f + f) (x)
m(x) = -2x C. (m – g)(x)
D. (m – f)(x)
Example: Solution:
Given: f(x) = 3x + 1, (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
g(x) = 5x +2, = 3x + 1 + 5x +2
m(x) = -2x = 3x + 5x +1+2
Find: = 8x + 3
A. (f + g)(x) (f + g)(x) = 8x + 3
Example: Solution:
Given: f(x) = 3x + 1, (f + f)(x) = f(x) + f(x)
g(x) = 5x +2, = 3x + 1 + 3x +1
m(x) = -2x = 3x + 3x +1+1
Find: = 6x + 2
B. (f + f) (x) (f + f)(x) = 6x + 2
Example: Solution:
Given: f(x) = 3x + 1, (m – g)(x)= m(x) – g(x)
g(x) = 5x +2, = -2x – (5x+2)
m(x) = -2x = -2x – 5x – 2
Find: = -7x – 2
C. (m – g)(x) (m – g)(x) = -7x – 2
Example: Solution:
Given: f(x) = 3x + 1, (m – f)(x)= m(x) – f(x)
g(x) = 5x +2, = -2x – (3x +1)
m(x) = -2x = -2x – 3x – 1
Find: = -5x – 1
D. (m – f)(x) (m – f)(x) = -5x – 1
Given: f(x) = x + 1, Find:
g(x) = 𝒙 𝟐 A. (f + g)(x)
n(x) = 3𝑥 + 2 B. (n + k)(x)
k(x) = -3x C. (g – k)(4)
D. (f – n)(0)
Example: Solution:
Given: f(x) = x + 1, (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
g(x) = 𝒙 𝟐 =x+1+𝒙 𝟐

n(x) = 3𝑥 + 2 =𝒙 +x+1
𝟐

k(x) = -3x (f + g)(x) = 𝒙𝟐 + x + 1

Find:
A. (f + g)(x)
Example: Solution:
Given: f(x) = x + 1, (n + k)(x) = n(x) + k(x)
g(x) = 𝒙 𝟐 = 3x + 2 +(- 3x)
n(x) = 3𝑥 + 2 = 3x + 2 – 3x
k(x) = -3x = 3x – 3x + 2
Find: (n + k)(x) = 2
B. (n + k)(x)
Example: Solution:
Given: f(x) = x + 1, (g + k)(4) = g(4)- k(4)
g(x) = 𝒙 𝟐 = 𝒙 (- 3x)
𝟐-

n(x) = 3𝑥 + 2 = 𝒙 + 𝟑𝒙
𝟐

k(x) = -3x Since x = 4

= (𝟒) +𝟑(𝟒)
𝟐
Find:
C. (g - k)(4) = 16 + 12
(g - k)(4) =28
Example: Solution:
Given: f(x) = x + 1, (f - n)(0) = f(0) - n(0)
g(x) = 𝒙 𝟐 = (x + 1) - (3x + 2)
n(x) = 3𝑥 + 2 = -3x + x - 2 + 1
k(x) = -3x Since x = 0 = −2𝑥 − 1
= −2 0 − 1
Find: =-1
D. (f - n)(0)
(f + n)(0)= -1
Example #2:
Given: let f(x) = x + 1 and n(x) = 2𝒙 .
𝟐

Find : (f + n)(2)
Solution:
(f + n)(2) = f(2)+ n(2) x=2
= x + 1+ 2𝒙 𝟐

= 2𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 Substitute the value of x.

𝟐

= 2(𝟐) +(𝟐) + 𝟏
𝟐

= 2(4) +𝟐 + 𝟏
= 8 +𝟐 + 𝟏
= 𝟏𝟏
Example #3:
Given: let f(x) = - x + 1 and g(x) = 2𝒙 + 𝒙 − 𝟓.
𝟐

Find : (f + g)(-1)
Solution:
(f + g)(-1) = f(-1)+ g(-1) x = -1
= -x + 1 + 2𝒙 + 𝒙 − 𝟓
𝟐

= 2𝒙 − 𝒙 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 − 𝟓
𝟐

= 2𝑥 − 𝟒
𝟐
= 2(−1) −𝟒
𝟐

= 2−𝟒
=-2
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION OF
FUNCTION
O
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a
Rules for Integers
t
i (Multiplication and Division)
o
n
s
‫؞‬Rule(s) in multiplying and dividing
o
integers
n ‫؞‬Same sign.
F the product/quotient is positive
u
n ‫؞‬Different sign.
c
t the product/quotient is negative
i
o
n
s
Same sign. The product/quotient is positive.
+ + = (+) − − = (+)
(5)(3) = 15 (−4)(−3) = 12
7(5𝑥) = 35𝑥 (−5𝑢)(−2) = 10𝑢
(+) (−)
(+)
= (+) (−)
= (+)
6÷3 = 2 −10 ÷ (−2) = 5
12𝑥 ÷ 4 = 3𝑥 −3 1
−12
= 4
M u l t i p l i cat i o n a n d D i v i s i o n o f I nte ge rs
 Different sign. The product/quotient is negative.
+ − = (−) − + = (−)
(3)(−3) = −9 (−4)(2) = −8
𝑥(−5) = −5𝑥 (−2)(𝑦) = −2𝑦
(−) (+)
(+)
= (−) (−)
= (−)
−8 ÷ 2 = −4 12 ÷ (−3) = −4
−9 3 18𝑤 ÷ (−6) = −3𝑤
=−
12𝑥 4𝑥
M u l t i p l i cat i o n a n d D i v i s i o n o f I nte ge rs
L 𝑚
1. 𝑥 ⋅ 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑛 𝑚+𝑛
a Product rule
w 𝑚 𝑛 𝑚𝑛
2. (𝑥 ) = 𝑥 Power of a power rule
s
𝑥𝑚 𝑚−𝑛
3. 𝑥𝑛
= 𝑥 Quotient rule
o
𝑛
f 𝑥 𝑛 𝑥
4. ( )
𝑦
=
𝑦𝑛
Power of a quotient rule
e 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 𝑚
x 5. (𝑥𝑦𝑧) = 𝑥 𝑦 𝑧 Power of a product rule
p 𝑛
𝑚
6. 𝑥 𝑚 = 𝑥 𝑛 Rational/Fractional Exponent
o
n −𝑛 1
e
7. 𝑥 = 𝑥𝑛 Negative exponent rule
n 0
8. 𝑥 =1 Zero power rule
t
➢ For two functions 𝑓 𝑥 and 𝑔(𝑥) with real number
outputs, we define new functions 𝑓 + 𝑔, 𝑓 − 𝑔, 𝑓𝑔 or 𝑓 ∙
𝑓
𝑔, and by the relations
𝑔
(𝑓+𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)+𝑔(𝑥) ……………………………… Addition
(𝑓−𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)−𝑔(𝑥) …………………………….. Subtraction
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)=𝑓(𝑥)𝑔(𝑥) ..................................... Multiplication
𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑔
𝑥 = 𝑔(𝑥)
, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑔(𝑥)≠0 ………….... Division
O
p
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a
t
i
o
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s Multiplication of
o
n Functions
F
u
n
c
t
i
o
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s
M
u
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t 2
i 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑦 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑦
p
l
i
c
a
t (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) copy the arithmetic
operation
i
o
n replace the value of f(x)
2
o (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= (𝑥 𝑦) (2𝑥𝑦) and g(x) then multiply the
given monomials.
f

F
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= 2𝑥 𝑦 3 2
u
n
c
t
i
o
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s
M
u
l
t
𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 2 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 2𝑥 + 2
i
p
l
i (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) copy the arithmetic
operation
c
a
t
replace the value of
i
o (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= (𝑥 + 2) (2𝑥 + 2) f(x) and g(x)
n

o
f (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= (𝑥 + 2) (2𝑥 + 2)
multiply using FOIL
2 +2𝑥
F
u (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= 2𝑥 + 4𝑥 +4 method, then
combine like terms.

}
n 2
c
t
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= 2𝑥 + 6𝑥 + 4
i
o
n
s
 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3 and 𝑔 𝑥 = 4𝑥 + 4

(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) copy the arithmetic

operation

replace the value of

(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= (𝑥 + 3) (4𝑥 + 4) f(x) and g(x)

(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= (𝑥 + 3) (4𝑥 + 4)
multiply using FOIL
2 +4𝑥
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= 4𝑥 + 12𝑥+12 method, then
combine like terms.

}
2
(𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= 4𝑥 + 16𝑥 + 12
M
u
3𝑥
l
𝑔 𝑥 = and 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 3
t 𝑥 2 −9
i
p
l
i (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) copy the arithmetic
operation
c
a
t 3𝑥 replace the value of
i
o (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= (𝑥 − 3) ( 2
) f(x) and g(x)
n 𝑥 −9
3𝑥
o
f (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= (𝑥 − 3)((𝑥 − 3)(𝑥 + 3))
multiply functions,
F then reduce to it’s
u 3𝑥 simplest form
n (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)=
c
t 𝑥+3
i
o
n
s
M
u
5𝑥
l
𝑔 𝑥 = and 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2
t 𝑥 2 −4
i
p
l
i (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) copy the arithmetic
operation
c
a
t 5𝑥 replace the value of
i
o (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= (𝑥 − 2) ( 2
) f(x) and g(x)
n 𝑥 −4
3𝑥
o
f (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)= (𝑥 − 2)((𝑥 − 4)(𝑥 + 4))
multiply functions,
F then reduce to it’s
u 5𝑥 simplest form
n (𝑓𝑔)(𝑥)=
c
t 𝑥+4
i
o
n
s
O
p
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a
t
i
o
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s

o
Division of Functions
n

F
u
n
c
t
i
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s
D
i 2 3
v 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 and 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
i
s 𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
i ( )(𝑥)= copy the arithmetic
o 𝑔 𝑔(𝑥) operation
n
3
o
𝑓
( )(𝑥)= 𝑥 replace the value of
f(x) and g(x)
f
𝑔 𝑥 2
F 𝑓 3−2
u
n
( )(𝑥)= 𝑥 divide functions,

c 𝑔 then reduce to it’s

simplest form
t 𝑓
i
o
( )(𝑥)= 𝑥
n
𝑔
s
D
i 2 4
v 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 and 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥
i
s 𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
i ( )(𝑥)= copy the arithmetic
o 𝑔 𝑔(𝑥) operation
n
4
o
𝑓
( )(𝑥)= 𝑥 replace the value of
f(x) and g(x)
f
𝑔 𝑥 2
F 𝑓 4−2
u
n
( )(𝑥)= 𝑥 divide functions,

c 𝑔 then reduce to it’s

simplest form
t 𝑓 2
i
o
( )(𝑥)=
𝑔
𝑥
n
s
D
i 2
v 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 4 and 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
i
s 𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
i ( )(𝑥)= copy the arithmetic
o 𝑔 𝑔(𝑥) operation
n
𝑓 4𝑥(𝑥 − 2) replace the value of
o
f
( )(𝑥)= 2
𝑥 −4
f(x) and g(x)
𝑔
F 𝑓 4𝑥(𝑥 − 2)
u
n
( )(𝑥)= (𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 2)
divide functions,

c
𝑔 then reduce to it’s
simplest form
t 𝑓 4𝑥
i
o
( )(𝑥)= (𝑥 + 2)
n
𝑔
s
D
i 2
v 𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 16 and 𝑓 𝑥 = 4𝑥(𝑥 − 4)
i
s 𝑓 𝑓(𝑥)
i ( )(𝑥)= copy the arithmetic
o 𝑔 𝑔(𝑥) operation
n
𝑓 4𝑥(𝑥 − 4) replace the value of
o
f
( )(𝑥)= 2
𝑥 − 16
f(x) and g(x)
𝑔
F 𝑓 4𝑥(𝑥 − 4)
u
n
( )(𝑥)= (𝑥 + 4)(𝑥 − 4)
divide functions,

c
𝑔 then reduce to it’s
simplest form
t 𝑓 4𝑥
i
o
( )(𝑥)= (𝑥 + 4)
n
𝑔
s