OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED

Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
e-mail address: [email protected]
Tel. No. 299 – 7734

11

Module 3

JANWILL A. PAZ
Instructor
 OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED
Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
e-mail address: [email protected]
Tel. No. 299 – 7734

Mathematics – Grade 11
Quarter 1 – Module 3:

Operations on Functions

You want to know?

This module is designed to help you think and develop mathematical ideas. There are times
when you will feel confused, and there are times when it will be necessary to work on an
idea over a period of several days. You will encounter many interesting and challenging
problems in this module.

Goals:
 Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and composition of
function..

Vocabulary List:

 Addition and subtraction of polynomials – To add two polynomials, write

the sum and simplify by combining like terms. To subtract an expression from
another expression, add its negative. That is a – b = a + ( -b )
 Multiplication of polynomials you will often use the following laws of
expression.
 Law of exponent- exponents of numbers are added when the numbers are
multiplied, subtracted when the numbers are divided, and multiplied when
raised by still another exponent: am×aⁿ=am+n; am÷aⁿ=am−n; (am)ⁿ=amn

Getting Ready:
Entry Card

Directions: Perform the indicated operation.

a. ( 4 x+3 )+ ( 3 x−2 )

b. 2 x2 −3 x −2¿−(4 x 2 +5 x +3)

c. ( 2 x−3 ) ( x+ 4 )
 OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED
Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
e-mail address: [email protected]
Tel. No. 299 – 7734

Starting Point:

Addition and subtraction of polynomials

To add two polynomials, write the sum and simplify by combining like terms.

To subtract an expression from another expression, add its negative.

That is a – b = a + ( -b )

To add 3x + 3 and 7x – 8, we have:

(3x + 4) + (7x – 8) = (3x + 7x) + (4 - 8)
= (3 + 7)x + (- 4 )
=10x – 4
Or 3x + 4
+ 7x – 8
10x – 4

To Subtract 7x + 2 from 5x + 4, we have:

(5x + 4) – (7x + 2) = (5x + 4) + (- 7x – 2)
= (5x – 7x) + (4 – 2)
= - 2x + 2
Or 5x + 4
- 7x + 2
-2x + 2

Multiplication of polynomials

When multiplying monomials, you will often use the following laws of exponents.

Law of Exponents

m n m⋮n
1. Product rule for exponents: x ∙ x =x

To multiply powers having the same base, keep the base and add the
exponents.

n mn
2. Power rule for exponents: (x ¿¿ m) =x ¿

To find the power of a base, keep the base and multiply the exponents.

n m n
3. Power of a product rule: xy =x y

To find the power of a product, find the power of each factor and then multiply
the resulting power.
 OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED
Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
e-mail address: [email protected]
Tel. No. 299 – 7734

To simplify (x ¿ ¿ 2 y 2 )( x ¿ ¿ 4 y 5 ) ,¿ ¿use the product rule for exponents for each base to get
x 2+4 ∙ y 3+5∨x 6 y 8.
To simplify (m¿¿ 3) 2 m7 ¿ , apply the power and product rules for exponents to get
3 ∙2 7 6 7 6 +7 13
m , m =m ∙ m =m ¿m .

To multiply a polynomial by a monomial, multiply each term of the polynomial

by monomial.

To find the product of 5x and x + 4, we have:

5x (x + 4) = 5x (x) + 5x(4)

= 5 x 2+ 20 x

The FOIL Method (First, Out, In, Last)

To find the product of x + 3 and x + 5 using FOIL method, we have:

(x + 3) (x + 5) = x 2+ 5 x +3 x+ 15=x 2 +8 x+15

The product can also be obtained as follows:

x +3 2
x +3x
× x +5 +5 x +15
2
x + 8 x+15
 OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED
Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
e-mail address: [email protected]
Tel. No. 299 – 7734

Let us take two function

    f(x) = x2 and g(x) = x
The sum of these functions are
    f(x) + g(x) = x2 + x

Sum of two functions f and g is denoted as f + g

Definition for Operations on Functions

(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)        Addition
(f - g)(x) = f(x) - g(x)        Subtraction
(f.g)(x) = f(x).g(x)        Multiplication
(f/g)(x) = f(x)/g(x)        Division

For the function f + g, f - g, f.g, the domains are defined as the inrersection of the domains
of f and g

For f/g, the domains is the intersection of the domains of f and g except for the points
where g(x) = 0

      Example
f(x) = 1 + √x - 2 and g(x) = x - 1
Then their sum is defined by
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) = (1 + √x - 2) + (x - 1) = x + √x - 2

Now we compare the domains of original functions f and g, and their sum:

Function Domain

f(x) = 1 + √x - 2 [2; +∞)

g(x) = x - 1 (-∞ +∞)

(f + g)(x) = x + √x - 2 [2; ∞)∩(-∞ +∞) = [2; ∞)

 OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED
Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
e-mail address: [email protected]
Tel. No. 299 – 7734

Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient of Functions

Let f and g be any two functions.
f
The sum f + g, difference f – g, product fg, and quotient are functions
g
whose domains are the set of all real numbers commo to the domain of f and g, and defined
as follows:

1. Sum: ( f +g ¿ ( x )=f ( x )+ g (x)

2. Difference: ( f −g ) ( x )=f ( x )−g ( x )

3. Product: ( fg ) ( x )=f ( x ) × g( x )

f f (x)
4. Quotient: ( x )= , where g ( x ) ≠ 0
g g ( x)

Example 1

If f(x) = 3x – 2 and g(x) = x 2 + 2x – 3, find:

a. (f + g) (x)
(f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x) Definition of sum of functions.
= (3x – 2) + ( x 2 + 2x – 3) Add f(x) and g(x).
= x 2 + 5x + 5 Combine like terms.

b. (f – g) (x)
(f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x) Definition of the difference of functions.
= (3x – 2) – ( x 2+ 2 x−3 ¿ Subtract g(x) from f(x).
= 3x – 2 - x 2 – 2x + 3 Perform the subtraction.
= −x 2+ x+1 Combine like terms.

c. (fg) (x)
(fg) (x) = (3x – 2) ( x 2+ 2x – 3) Definition of product of functions.
= 3x ( x 2+ 2 x−3 ¿−2(x 2+ 2 x−3) Apply distributive property.
= 3 x 3+ 6 x2−9−2 x 2−4 x+6 Apply distributive property.
= 3 x 3+ 4 x 2−13 x+ 6 Combine like terms.
 OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED
Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
e-mail address: [email protected]
Tel. No. 299 – 7734

f
d. ( x)
g
3 x−2 3 x−2
(f/g) (x) = =
x +2 x−3 (x +3)( x−3)
2

f
The domain of is the set of all real numbers except -3 and 1:
g
{ x ⋮ x ≠−3∧x ≠1 }

Activity:
Test 1: Determine whether or not each statement is TRUE or False.

1. If f(x) = x + 6 and g(x) = 3x, then ( fg ) ( 3)=1

2. If f(x) = x – 3 and g(x) = x + 4, then (f – g) (x) = -7

3. If f(x) = 4x – 12 and g(x) = x – 3, then (f + g) (2) = -5

Test 2: Writing
1. If the equations of two functions are given, explain how to determine the
quotient function and its domain.

2. How do we perform the basic operation with functions?

3. Describe how to find (f x g) (x).

Test 3: Solve the following operation functions.

Let f (x) = x 2−5∧g ( x )=5 x +4 , find :

1. (f + g) (x)
 OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED
Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
e-mail address: [email protected]
Tel. No. 299 – 7734

2. (f - g) (x)
3. (f ° g)(x)

Developing skills:
,∧f
Find the f +g , f −g , fg .
g Determine the domain of each function.
1. f ( x )=3 x +4 , g=2 x−1

2. f ( x )=2 x−5 , g ( x ) =4 x 2

3. f ( x )=x−1, g ( x )=2 x 2 + x−3

4. f ( x )=x−4 , g ( x )=√ x

x−1 1
5. f ( x )= , g ( x )=
2 x
x

Bibliography:
 OLIVEROS COLLEGE (OCI) INCORPORATED
Zone 2 Gov. Crescini St., San Franciso, Iriga City
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
e-mail address: [email protected]
Tel. No. 299 – 7734

Orance, Orlando A. 2016. General Mathematics.