Chapter 1 Functions

1.1 Functions
1. Determine whether each of the following relation is a function. Give a reason for your answer.
(a) (b)
a• p• •3
•a q• •5
b• r• •9
•b
c• s• • 11

(c) (d)
4• •4
•2 x•
9• •6
•3 y•
16 • • 10

2. Determine whether each of the following graphs is a function.

(a) y (b) y

x
x 0
0

(c) y (d) y

x
x –1 0
0

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 3. Write each of the following functions using function notation.
(a) (b)
• –8 •
1• •8
–10 •
2• • 10
• 10 •
5•
•1

(c) f (d)
x y
–4 • • –1
6•
• 36 2• •5
3•
• 16 4• •7
–3 •
•9
–4 •

4. Determine the domain, codomain and range of the following functions.

(a) (b) f(x)

–2 • •1
5– •
–1 • •8
2• • 16 3– •
• 2–
| | | x
–3 0 4 5

Domain = …………………………… Domain = ……………………………

Codomain = ………………………… Codomain = …………………………
Range = …………………………….. Range = ……………………………..
(c) y (d) y

7– 6–

4–
2–
| | x | | | x
0 –4 –2 0 2
1 4

Domain = …………………………… Domain = ……………………………

Codomain = ………………………… Codomain = …………………………
Range = …………………………….. Range = ……………………………..

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 5. On the axes in the answer space, sketch the graph of f in the domain given. Hence, state the
corresponding range of f for the given domain.
(a) f(x) = |x + 1| for the domain –2 ≤ x ≤ 2 (b) f(x) = |3x – 4| for the domain –3 ≤ x ≤ 1
y y

x x
O O

6. Given the functions f : x → 3x – 4 and g(x) = |6 – 2x|, find the value of the following.
(a) f(–2) 2 (c) g(2)
(b) 2 f  
3

 1 (e) f(3) + g(3) (f) 3f(4) – 2g(6)

(d) g  − 
 2

7. Given the functions f : x → 5x – 9, g : x → 2 – 6x and h : x →|2x – 3|, find the value of x of the
following.
(a) g(x) = 8 (b) f(x) = 2x (c) h(x) = 7

(d) 2f(x) = 3g(x) (e) f(x) – g(x) = 11 (f) h(x) = x

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 8. Solve the following.
m− x
(a) The diagram shows the function h : x , x  0 , where m
x
is a constant.
Find the value of m.

(b) The diagram shows the linear function h.

(i) State the value of m. 0• • –2
(ii) Using function notation, express h in terms of x. 1• • –1
m• •2
6• •4

(c) The arrow diagram shows part of the function f : x →

–3 6 y
px + q, where p and q are constants.
Find the value of p and of q. f

x
2 5

(d) The arrow diagram shows part of the function

f
b x
f : x ax + , x  0 , where a and b are constants.
x
Calculate
•8
(i) the value of a and of b,
(ii) the image of 4 under this mapping. •7
1•
2•

(e) It is given that f(x) = k – 7x, where k is a constant. Find the value of k such that f(k) = 12.

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 (f) Given the function f : x → |x – 4|, find the values of x such that f(x) = 6.

(g) Given the function f : x → 3x – 2, find

(i) the value of x when f(x) maps onto itself,
(ii) the value of h such that f(2 – h) = 4h.

x+k
(h) A function f is defined by f ( x) = ,x  h.
2x + 3
(i) Find the value of h.
(ii) If x = 2 is unchanged under the mapping of function f, find the value of k.

(i) The diagram shows the graph of function f(x) = |2x – 1|, for
the domain 0 ≤ x ≤ 5.
State
(i) the value of t,
(ii) the range of f(x) corresponding to the given domain.

(j) The diagram shows the graph of function f(x) = |3x + 1| for the
domain –2 ≤ x ≤ 0.
State
(i) the value of t,
(ii) the range of f(x) corresponding to the given domain.

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 (k) A function is defined by f : x → 3x2 + 7x. Find
(i) f(2),
(ii) the values of x which maps onto itself by f(x).

(l) Given the function g : x → 4x – 5, find

(i) the value of x when g(x) maps to itself,
(ii) the value of k such that g(k – 3) = k.

(m) Siti opens a clothes shop and sells many types of clothes. Given the function which
represents the total revenue obtained from the baju kurung sold is R(x) = 75x, such that
x is the number of baju kurung sold.
(i) How much is the total revenue obtained from 20 baju kurung sold?
(ii) If Siti wants to get the total revenue of RM2 100, how many baju kurung she
needs to sell?

(n) A piece of big stone drops from 64 m above the ground level. Its height, H (in metre)
after t seconds is given by H(t) = 64 – 16t2.
(i) What is the heigh of the big stone when t = 1 second and t = 1.5 seconds?
(ii) When will the big stone reach the ground?

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1.2 Composite Functions
6
1. Given the functions f : x → x + 5 and g : x → , x ≠ 0, determine the following composite functions.
x
(a) fg (b) gf

(c) f 2 (d) g2

1
2. Given the functions f : x → x + 3 and g : x → , x ≠ 1, determine the following composite
x −1
functions.
(a) fg (b) gf

(c) f 2 (d) g2

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 3. Given two functions f and g, find the value for each of the following composite functions.
x 2 (b) f(x) = 2x + 1 and g(x) = 2 – x2.
(a) f(x) = x – 8 and g(x) = ,x≠ .
3x − 2 3 Find fg(–2).
Find gf (10).

4 x +1 6
(c) f(x) = x – 2 and g(x) = + 3 , x ≠ 0. (d) f(x) = , x  3 and g ( x) = ,
x x −3 x−2
Find fg(4). x ≠ 2. Find f 2(4) and g2(8).

4. For each of the following, find the value(s) of x.

9 8
(a) f ( x) = , x  0 , g ( x) = 2 x − 5 and fg(x) = 3. (b) f ( x) = x − 2 , g ( x) = ,x  4 and
x x−4
gf(x) = 4.

(c) f ( x) = 3x − 2 and f 2 ( x) = 10 (d) f ( x) = x 2 − 1 , g ( x) = 2 x + 1 and gf(x) = 7.

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 5. For each of the following, find the value(s) of k.
(a) f ( x) = x − 2 , g ( x) = kx + 4 and gf(6) = 12. (b) f ( x) = 3x + k , g ( x) = x + 5 and fg(–3) = 8.

k (d) f ( x) = x2 + 4 , g(x) = x – 3 and fg(k) = 8.

(c) f ( x) = , x ≠ 0, g ( x) = 3x + 2 and
x
gf(3) = 5.

6. For each of the following, find the value of m and of n.

(a) f(x) = mx + n, m > 0 and f 2 ( x) = 16 x − 15 . (b) f(x) = mx + n, m > 0 and f 2 ( x) = 9 x − 8 .

(c) f(x) = mx + n and f 2 ( x) = 27 x + 26 . (d) f(x) = mx + n, m > 0 and f 2 ( x) = 36 x − 35 .

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 7. Given that f ( x) = 3x + 4 and g ( x) = x2 + 6 , find the values of x.
(a) fg = gf (b) f = g

(c) f 2 = g (d) gf(x) = 15

8. Given a function f and a composite function fg, determine the function g.

(a) f : x 4 x + 5 , fg : x 8x − 7 (b) f : x x − 2 , fg : x x2 + 7

1 1 (d) f : x x 2 − 4 , fg : x x2 − 6x + 5
(c) f : x , x  3 , fg : x ,x  4
x −3 x−4

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 9. Given a function g and a composite function fg, determine the function f.
(a) f : x x − 3 , fg : x x2 − 4 (b) g : x x + 5 , fg : x x2 + x − 2

(c) g : x 3x , fg : x 9x − 7 (d) g : x x2 + 6 , fg : x x2 + 4

10. Solve the following.

x
(a) Functions f and g are defined by f : x , x ≠ 1 and g : x hx + k , where h and k
x −1
are constants. If g(1) = 7 and gf(2) = 10, find the values of h and of k.

2
(b) Functions f and g are defined by f : x , x ≠ 3 and g : x mx 2 + n , where m and
x −3
n are constants. If g(–2) = 10 and gf(5) = 1, find the value of m and of n.

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 (c) Given the functions g : x 3x − 6 and h : x 2x , find
(i) hg(x),
1
(ii) the value of x if hg ( x) = g ( x) .
2

4
(d) Given the function h( x) = , x ≠ 0 and the composite function hg(x) = 2x, find
x
(i) g(x),
(ii) the value of x when gh(x) = 3.

(e) It is given the functions f ( x) = 3x and g ( x) = h − kx , where h and k are constants.

Express h in terms of k such that gf(1) = 4.

(f) Given the function m : x px + 1 , h : x 3x − 5 and mh( x) = 3 px + q . Express p in

terms of q.

(g) Given f ( x) = x 2 + 1 , find in terms of x, the function g(x) such that fg ( x) = x2 + 4 x + 5 .

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 2x
(h) The function m and n are defined by m : x 3x + 1 and n : x .
4x −1
(i) State the value of x such that n is undefined.
13
(ii) Find the value of k if mn(k ) = .
5

(i) The diagram shows the relation between set A, set B and set C.
x +1
It is given that set A maps to set B by the function
2
and maps to set C by fg : x x + 2x + 4 .
2

(i) Write the function which maps set A to set B by using

the function notation.
(ii) Find the function which maps set B to set C.

(j) The diagram shows the relation of three sets.

3
It is given that f : x 2 x + 3 and g −1 f : x
+ 1 , x ≠ 0.
x
(i) If a student writes a = 10, determine the value is
correct or wrong. Give your reason.
(ii) Find g −1 ( x ) .

x
(k) It is given that f : x , x ≠ –1.
x +1
(i) Find the iterated function f 2 ( x ) , f 3 ( x ) and f 4 ( x ) .
(ii) Hence, determine the general rule f n ( x ) , where n is a positive integer.

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 (l) It is given that f : x ax + b and f 3 ( x) = 8x + 7 .
(i) Find the value of a and of b.
(ii) Find the expression of f 4 ( x ) . Hence, determine the general rule f n ( x ) , where
n is a positive integer.

3
(m) It is given that f : x , x ≠ 0.
x
(i) Find the iterated function f 2 ( x ) , f 3 ( x ) and f 4 ( x ) .
(ii) Hence, find the value of
(a) f 28 (5) ,
(b) f 57 (5) .

(n) It is given that f ( x) = p , f 2 ( x) = q , f 3 ( x) = r and f 4 ( x) = s . If f 4 ( x) = x ,

(i) find in terms of p, q, r or s for:
(a) f 8n ( x) , where n = 1, 2, 3, …
(b) f 70 ( x ) .
(ii) State the value of k, such that f k ( x) = p , where 26 ≤ k < 33 and k is an integer.

(o) The price P of a certain commodity and its quantity x follows the demand equation
1
P = − x + 100 , 0 ≤ x ≤ 900.
9
x
Suppose the cost C for producing x units is C = + 500 .
10
By assuming that all items produced is sold, find the cost C as a function of the price P.

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1.3 Inverse Functions
1. Determine whether each of the following function given has an inverse function.
(a) f (b) g
x x+3 x |x|

–4 • • –1 –8 •
2• •5 •8
–10 •
4• •7 • 10
10 •

(c) y (d) {(1, 2), (2, 3), (3, 4), (4, 5)}

6–

| | | x
–4 –2 0 2

(e) f : x x2 + 4 1
(f) f : x , x  −3
x+3

2. Verify whether the function g is an inverse function of f.

2 x+2 x+3
(a) f : x , x  1, g : x , x  0 (b) f : x 3x − 8 , g : x
x −1 x 8

2x − 3 1 x + 10 10 + 8 x
(c) f : x ,x  − , (d) f : x , x  8, g : x , x 1
2x +1 2 x −8 x −1
x+2 2
g:x ,x 
2 − 3x 3

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 3. Sketch the graph of the following functions and its inverse in the given domain. Hence, state the
domain of f −1 .
(a) f : x x2 − 3 , –1 ≤ x ≤ 3 (b) f : x x3 , –1 ≤ x ≤ 2

4. Find the inverse function of each of the following.

3 3x − 2
(a) f : x + 1, x  0 (b) f : x
x 5

x 5x + 1
(c) f : x ,x  2 (d) f : x ,x  2
x−2 x−2

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 5. Find the value of inverse function for each of the following.
3x (b) f ( x) = 3x − 4 , find f −1 (5)
(a) f ( x) = , x  3 , find f −1 (6)
x −3

5 2
(c) f ( x) = − , x  0 , find f −1 (10) (d) f ( x) = 6 − , x  0 , find f −1 (4)
x x

6. Determine the function f in each of the following inverse functions f −1 .

x+7 x−6
(a) f −1 : x ,x  0 (b) f −1 : x
x 3

7. Given the function f and its inverse function f −1 , find the values of constants h and k.
(a) f : x 3x + k , f −1 : x 3hx + 2 1
(b) f : x hx − 4 , f −1 : x x+k
2

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 8. Solve the following problems.
(a) In the diagram below, the function h maps x to y and the
function g maps y to z.
Determine
(i) h −1 (5) ,
(ii) gh(2) .

(b) The diagram shows the composite function gf that

maps x to z.
State
(i) the function that maps x to y,
(ii) g −1 ( z ) .

(c) It is given that the relation between set X = {–4, –3, –1, 1, 3, 4} and set Y = {1, 3, 4} is
defined by the following ordered pairs:
{(–2k, 4), (–3, 3), (–1, 1), (1, 1), (3, 3), (4, 4)}
(i) Find the value of k.
(ii) Using the function notation, write the relation between set X and set Y.
(iii) Determine whether the inverse in (b) is also a function. Give reason for your
answer.

(d) The function g is defined as g ( x) = x2 + 4 .

(i) State the type of relation as a function.
(ii) Determine whether g(x) has an inverse function.
(iii) State the domain of f for which its inverse function exists.

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 (e) The diagram shows five graphs, P, Q, R, S and T.

(i) State the graph(s) which is/are not a function. Give reason for your answer.
(ii) State the graph(s) which has/have inverse function. Give reason for your answer.

(f) The diagram in the answer space shows the graph y = f ( x) .

(i) On the diagram in the answer space, draw the inverse function of the graph.
(ii) From the graph, state the value of x when f ( x) = f −1 ( x) .

(g) The diagram in the answer space shows the graph y = h( x) .

(i) Find h−1 (0) .
(ii) On the diagram in the answer space, draw the graph y = h−1 ( x) .
(iii)Determine the domain for the graph y = h−1 ( x) .

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 (h) The following information refers to the functions h and g.
h : x 3x − 5
g : x 6x − 7
Find gh −1 ( x ) .

(i) In the diagram below, the function f maps x to y and the

function g maps y to z.
Determine
(i) f (2) (ii) g (3) (iii) f −1 (3)
(iv) g −1 (6) (v) gf (2) (vi) f −1 g −1 (6)

(j) Given the function g : x 5x − 6 , find

(i) g (2) ,
(ii) the value of p when g −1 ( p) = 3 .

(k) Given that f : x x + 7 , find

(i) f (5) ,
(ii) the value of k such that 2 f −1 (k ) = f (5) .

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 5
(l) Given the functions h−1 : x → 4 x + m and h : x 2kx + , where m and k are constants,
8
find the value of m and the value of k.

(m) Given the function g ( x) = 2 x − 8 , find

(i) g −1 ( x ) ,
 3p 
(ii) the value of p such that g 2   = 30 .
 2 

x−2
(n) Given the functions f : x 2 x −1 and f −1 g : x , x ≠ 3. Find the value of gf(3).
2x − 6

3
(o) Given f ( x) = , x  p and a function g such that g −1 g ( p − 3) = f ( p − 4) . Find the
x− p
value of p.

1 1
(p) Given f ( x) = , x  2 and g ( x) = + 2, x  0 .
x−2 x
(i) Find fg(x).
(ii) State the relation between functions f(x) and g(x).

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 (q) Given that f : x x and g : x x + 4 . Express in terms of f or g or both f and g for:
(i) x → x+4 ,
(ii) x → x2 + 4
(iii) x → x +8

x+2 5− x
(r) Given the functions f : x ,x  2 , g:x x + m and ( fg )−1 : x , x 1 ,
x−2 x −1
find the value of m.

(s) The period T (in seconds) for a simple pendulum is a function of its length l (in metre)
l
which is defined by the equation T = 2 , where g = 10 m s–2 is the gravitational
g
acceleration.
(i) Express the length l as a function of its period T.
(ii) Determine the period of a pendulum of 1 metre.
(iii) How much is the addition to its period, when the length of the pendulum
increased to 1.5 metre?

(t) The diagram shows the graph of function f : x 5x2 − 13x − 6 .

Does function f have inverse function? Give your reason.

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Paper 2 Questions
Instructions: Write your answer in full-scape paper.

Section A:
x
1. Given that f ( x) = 3x − 2 and g ( x) = + 1 , find
5
(a) f −1 ( x ) , [1 mark]
(b) f −1 g ( x ) , [2 marks]
(c) h( x) such that hg ( x) = 2 x + 6 . [3 marks]

2. In the diagram, the function f maps set A to set B and the function g maps set B to set C.

Find
(a) in terms of x, function
(i) which maps set B to set A,
(ii) g ( x) .
[5 marks]
(b) the value of x such that fg ( x) = 8x + 1 . [2 marks]

3. It is given that f : x 2 x − 3 and g : x 1 − 3x . Find

(a) (i) g (5) ,
1
(ii) the value of m if f (m + 2) = g (5) ,
7
(iii) gf ( x) .
[5 marks]
(b) Hence, sketch the graph y =| gf ( x) | for –1 ≤ x ≤ 3. State the range of y. [3 marks]

4. The diagram shows the mapping from x to y under f : x px + q and the mapping from z to y under
8 q
g:z ,z  − .
3z + q 3

Find
(a) the value of p and the value of q, [3 marks]
(b) the function which maps y to z, [2 marks]
(c) the function which maps x to z. [2 marks]

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 a
5. In the diagram, the function f ( x) = ax + b maps x to y and the function g ( y ) = , y  1 maps y to
1− y
z.

Find
(a) the values of a and b, [3 marks]
(b) the function which maps y to x, [2 marks]
(c) the function that maps z to x. [2 marks]

6. In the diagram, the function f maps x to y and the function g maps y to z.

Given that h−1 ( x) = x + 5 and gh( x) = 3x −11 . Find

(a) in terms of x, function
(i) h( x) ,
(ii) g ( x) , [3 marks]
(b) the values of a and of b. [3 marks]

7. In the diagram, the function f maps set P to set Q.

(a) Find the function f −1 in terms of m and n. [1 mark]

x−4
(b) If f −1 ( x) = , state the values of m and n. [2 marks]
3
(c) Prove that ff −1 ( x) = f −1 f ( x) . [3 marks]

8. Given the function g : x x3 − 4 .

(a) Sketch the graph for the function g. [2 marks]
(b) Does this function have inverse function? If has, find the inverse function for g ( x) . [2 marks]
(c) Sketch the graph y = g −1 ( x) on the same plane. [2 marks]

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