FORM 4 (b) State:

CHAPTER 1: FUNCTIONS (i) domain is { 16, 36, 49, 64 }

1.1 Relations (ii) codomain is { 4, 6, 7, 8, 11}
Example 1 (iii) images of 36 are 4 and 6
(iv) images of 62 are 4 and 8
(v) object of 7 is 49
(vi) objects of 4 are 16, 36 and 64
(vii) range is { 4, 6, 7, 8 }
Example 3:
Type of relations

Represent the relation by:

(a) Ordered pairs
{ (12, 3), (14, 5), (23, 5), (25, 7), (43, 7) }
(b) Graph

Example 2
A relation from set P = { 12, 36, 49, 64 } to set Q = { 4,
6, 7, 8, 11 } is defined by ‘factor(s) of’.
(a) Represent this relation using an arrow diagram.

Exercise:
 Pass year questions:
09/P1/1 12/P1/1
10/P1/1 13/P1/1
11/P1/1 14/P1/1

1.2 Functions

(a) Represent the arrow diagram above in

(i) ordered pairs

(ii) graph
Function: each domain element have only ONE image
in the codomain.

Notation of Function:

(b) Find the

(i) domain

(ii) codomain

The function can be written as:

(iii) range
𝑦 = 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓: 𝑥  𝑓(𝑥)
(c) Express h in terms of x.
Pass year questions:
13/P1/3 14/P1/2
(d) State the type of relation.
Exercise:
1. Given the function : 𝑥 ↦ 5𝑥 + 1 , find the value
of
(a) 𝑓(2) (b) 𝑓(−3)
2
(c) 𝑓 (5) 3. Given 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 1
(a) Image of 2 (-5)
(b) Find object that have image of 4 (-1 or 5)

18 9
2. Given the function 𝑓: 𝑥 → ,𝑥 ≠ , find
2𝑥−9 2

(a) the image of

1
(i) 0 [-2] (ii) 12 (1 5)

15
4. Given that 𝑓: 𝑥 → .
𝑎𝑥+𝑏

(a) Find the value of a and b. (2; 3)

(b) the object that has the image
3
(i) 2 (9) (ii) 6 (6) (b) State x such that f is undefined. (− 2)
5. The arrow diagram below shows the function 3𝑥+𝑘
6. Given that 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥−4 for all values of x, except
𝑏
𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑥. x = p.
(a) find the value of p (2)
(b) Given value 5 is mapped to itself under function f.
Find the value of k and find another x that is mapped
3
onto itself. (15; − 2)

Find
(a) the value of a and b (3; 2)
(b) the value of x such that the function f is
undefined, (0)
(c) the object that has the image of 7, apart from x =
1
2. (3)
7. Function f is defined by 𝑓: 𝑥 → 5𝑥 − 2. Find 2𝑥
8. The function g is defined by 𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥+𝑚 . If
2 𝑔(5) = 3𝑔(2), find the value of m. Hence, find (-20)
(a) the object that has image of 5 (1 5)
(a) the image of 10 (-2)
1 1
(b) the object that is mapped onto itself. (2) (b) the object that has the image − 2. (4)
(c) value of x such that the function f is undefined.
(20)
9. The arrow diagram below shows the function of f.
Find

(a) the value of p and q (2, -3)

(b) values of x that mapped onto themselves. (0 or
1
3
)
1.4 Composite Function
Pass year questions:
08/P1/3 12/P1/2
09/P1/2 13/P1/2
10/P1/3 14/P2/3aii,b
11/P1/2

𝑓𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑓[𝑔(𝑥)]
𝑓 2 = 𝑓𝑓 ; 𝑓 3 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓

Exercise 1.4:
1. The functions f and g are defined by
𝑓: 𝑥 → 2𝑥 + 1 & 𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 − 2respectively.
Find
(a) the value of fg(3) and gf(-2). (15; 7)
(b) the composite functions
(i) fg (2x23) (ii) gf (4x2+4x1)
(iii) 𝑓 2 (4x+3) (iv) 𝑔2 (x44x2+2)
(c) the values of x if gf(x) = 23. (2 or 3)
2. Given the functions 𝑓: 𝑥 → 4 − 5𝑥 and 𝑔: 𝑥 → 3. Find the composite functions fg and gf for each of
√𝑥 − 2, 𝑥 ≥ 2, find the value of the following pairs of functions f and g.
(a) fg(6) (6) (c) f2(0) (16) (a) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 − 1 𝑔: 𝑥 → 3𝑥 + 1
(b) gf(2) (2) (d) g2(27) (1.732) (𝑓𝑔: 𝑥9𝑥 2 + 6𝑥); (𝑔𝑓: 𝑥3𝑥 2 − 2)
 (b) 𝑓: 𝑥 → (𝑥 + 1)2 𝑔: 𝑥 → 1 − 3𝑥 (c) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 − 3 𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥
(𝑓𝑔: 𝑥 → 4 − 12𝑥 + 9𝑥 2 ); (𝑓𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥 − 3); (𝑔𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 − 3)
(𝑔𝑓: 𝑥 → −3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 − 2)
 1 4. (a) Function f is defined by 𝑓: 𝑥 → 2𝑥 + 4 .
(d) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 2 − 𝑥 𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 +2
2𝑥 2 + 3 1 Another functions g is such that 𝑓𝑔: 𝑥 → 3𝑥 − 8. Find
(𝑓𝑔: 𝑥 → 2 ) ; (𝑔𝑓: 𝑥 → 2 ) the function g. (𝑔: 𝑥 →
3𝑥−12
)
𝑥 +2 𝑥 − 4𝑥 + 6 2
(b) The function f is defined by 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 − 2.
1 11
Another function g is such that 𝑔𝑓: 𝑥 → 11−3𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 3
.
1 5
Find the function g. (𝑔: 𝑥 → 5−3𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 3)
5. The function f and the composite function fg are 2𝑥+5
(b) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 3𝑥 + 2, 𝑓𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥−2 , 𝑥 ≠ 2
defined as follows. Find the function g. 3
(a) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 + 2, 𝑓𝑔: 𝑥 → 3𝑥 − 2 (𝑔: 𝑥 → , 𝑥 ≠ 2)
𝑥−2
(𝑔: 𝑥 → 3𝑥 − 4)
(c) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 − 1, 𝑓𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 3 6. The function f and the composite function gf are
(𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥 + 2) defined as follows. Find the function g.
3
(a) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 + 2, 𝑔𝑓: 𝑥 → ,𝑥 ≠2
𝑥−2
3
(𝑔: 𝑥 → , 𝑥 ≠ 3)
𝑥−3
 1 15
(b) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 , 𝑔𝑓: 𝑥 → 10𝑥−1 , 𝑥 ≠ 10
1 (c) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 3𝑥 + 2 , 𝑔𝑓: 𝑥 → 9𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 + 2
15𝑥 (𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 − 𝑥)
(𝑔: 𝑥 → , 𝑥 ≠ 10)
10 − 𝑥
7. The functions f and g are defined by 𝑓: 𝑥 → (𝑥 + 1)2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥 − 2 respectively. Find
(a) the composite functions fg and gf, (𝑓𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 + 1); (𝑔𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1)
(b) the values of x if
(i) fg = 9, (−2 𝑜𝑟 4)
(ii) gf = 14, (3 𝑜𝑟 − 5)
1
(c) the value of x if fg = gf. ( )
2
 1 3
8. The functions g and h is defined by 𝑔: 𝑥 → 2𝑥 − 3 and ℎ: 𝑥 → 4𝑥. Find the value of x if hg(x) = 2 g(x). (2)

9. Given the functions 𝑓: 𝑥 → ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘, 𝑔: 𝑥 → (𝑥 + 1)2 + 2 and 𝑓𝑔: 𝑥 → 2(𝑥 + 1)2 + 1, find

(a) the value of g2(2) (146)
(b) the value of h and k. (2; 3)
10. The functions f and g are defined by 𝑓: 𝑥 → 1 − 𝑥 and 𝑔: 𝑥 → 𝑝𝑥 2 + 𝑞 respectively. If𝑔𝑓: 𝑥 → 3𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 5, find
(a) the value of p and q, (3; 2)
(b) the value of g2(0). (14)

11. Given 𝑓: 𝑥 ↦ ℎ𝑥 + 𝑘 and 𝑓 2 : 𝑥 ↦ 4𝑥 + 15 .

(a) Find the values of h and k. (when h=2, k=5; when h= 2, k= 15)
−3
(b) Take ℎ > 0, find the values of x for which 𝑓(𝑥 2 ) = 7𝑥 ( 2 𝑜𝑟 5)
1.5 Inverse Function 5 1
(b) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 6 − 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 0 (2 2)

Pass year questions:

08/P1/2 11/P1/3
09/P1/3 12/P1/3
10/P1/2 14/P2/3ai

Exercise 1.5
𝑥+8
1. Given the function 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥−6 , 𝑥 ≠ 6, find the
value of 𝑓 −1 (3). (13)

3𝑥+2 3
(c) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 2𝑥+3 , 𝑥 ≠ − 2 (−2)

2. Evaluate 𝑓 −1 (4) for each of the following

functions.
1
(a) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 5 − 4𝑥 (4)
3. Find the inverse function of 3𝑥−4 2𝑥+4
(c) 𝑔: 𝑥 → 2
( 3
)
2𝑥−1
(a) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥+2
, 𝑥 ≠ −2.
1+2𝑥
(𝑓 −1 : 𝑥 → , 𝑥 ≠ 2)
2−𝑥

𝑥+4 3 3
(b) 𝑓: 𝑥 → 7𝑥 − 4 ( ) (d) ℎ: 𝑥 → 9 − 𝑥 , 𝑥 = 0 (9−𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 9)
7
 2𝑥+2 3 3𝑥+2 2 4. Function 𝑔 is defined as 𝑔: 𝑥 → 3𝑥 − 1.
(e) 𝑚: 𝑥 → 5𝑥−3
,𝑥 ≠ 5 (5𝑥−2 , 𝑥 ≠ 5)
Find the value of 𝑝 when 𝑔−1 (𝑝) = 11. (32)

5. Given 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥 + 5. Find the value of k such that

(f) 𝑛: 𝑥 → √2 − 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≤ 2 (2 − 𝑥 ) 2 2𝑓 −1 (𝑘) = 𝑓(3). (9)
 1 6𝑥−1
6. Given the functions 𝑓(𝑥) = 6 − 2𝑥 and g(𝑥) = 𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ 0, find 𝑓 −1 𝑔−1 . ( 2𝑥
, 𝑥 ≠ 0)

ℎ𝑥−5 2𝑥+𝑘
7. Given function 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥−2
, 𝑥 ≠ 2 and its inverse function 𝑓 −1 : 𝑥 → 𝑥−3
,𝑥 ≠ 3, find
(a) the value of h and k (3; −5)
4 5
(b) the values of t such that 𝑓(𝑡) = 𝑡. ( 𝑜𝑟 3)
3 4
 2
8. ℎ−1 (𝑥) = 3−𝑥
2 1
(a) Find ℎ(𝑥). (3 − 𝑥) (b) Find the value of 𝑥 such that ℎ(𝑥) = −5. (4)

𝑚 10
9. Given the functions ℎ: 𝑥 → 𝑥
− 3, 𝑥 ≠ 0 and ℎ−1 : 𝑥 → 𝑥+𝑘 , 𝑥 ≠ −𝑘, where m and k are constants, find the value of
m and k. (10; 3)
 1
10. 𝑓 −1 (𝑥) = 𝑥+𝑚 ; 𝑔(𝑥) = 3 − 𝑥
1−3𝑥
(a) Find m if 𝑓(𝑥) = (3)
𝑥
−1 (𝑘 2
(b) Find k if 𝑓𝑓 − 7) = 𝑔[(𝑘 + 2)2 ]. (−3 𝑜𝑟 1)

𝑥+𝑝 𝑞𝑥+6
11. Given the functions 𝑓: 𝑥 → 𝑥−5 , 𝑥 ≠ 5 and 𝑓 −1 : 𝑥 → 𝑥−1
,𝑥 ≠ 1, find
(a) the value of p and q (6; 5)
3
(b) the values of x for which 𝑓 − 1(𝑥) = 8𝑥 (− 8 𝑜𝑟 2)
12. Base on the arrow diagram below, write down the value of
(a) 𝑔−1 (4) (−2) (b) 𝑔𝑓(1) (4)

13. Diagram below shows the mapping of y onto x by the function 𝑓: 𝑦 → 𝑚𝑦 + 𝑛 and the mapping of y onto z by the
𝑚 𝑛
function 𝑔: 𝑦 → 𝑛−2𝑦 , 𝑦 ≠ 2 . Find

(a) the value of m and n. (−6; 10)

10−𝑥
(b) the function that maps x onto y. ( 6
)
−18
(c) the function that maps x onto z. (20+𝑥 , 𝑥 ≠ −20)