GENERAL MATHEMATICS

FUNCTIONS
LESSON 1: REAL-LIFE FUNCTIONS

Lessons Objectives:
 Determine functions and relations;
 Illustrate functions through mapping diagrams, sets and graphs; and
 Represent real-life situations using functions.

Activity: Cross Word Puzzle

Across

2. The set of all x or input values.

4. Collection of well-defined and distinct objects,
called elements that share a common characteristic.
5. The set of all y or output values.

Down

1. Is the rule relates values from a set of values

(domain) to a second set of value (range).
3. _________PAIR: pair of objects taken in a specific order.

Lesson Proper

Function – each element of the domain is paired with exactly one element in the range.

Relation – is a rule that relates values from a set of values (domain) to a second set of values (range).

Ordered Pair – It is pair of objects taken in a specific order.

Example:
(1,2)

 It is enclosed by a parenthesis.
 And separated by a comma.

Domain – is the set of all x or input values.

Example:

{(1,7) ,(2,6),(3,5) ,( 4,4) }

 The domains are the first element inside the parenthesis of each ordered pair. These are the
1,2,3,4 .
Range – is the set of all y or output values.
Example:
{(1,7) ,(2,6),(3,5) ,( 4,4) }
 The ranges are the second element inside the parenthesis of each ordered pair. These are the
7,6,5,4.

What makes relation a function?

Function
 Is a special kind of relation that follows an extra rule, just like a relation a function is also a set of
ordered pairs.
 Take note of this every x-value must be associated to only one y-value.

There are three ways to know a function, these are the:

 Mapping
 Sets (Roster Notation)
 Graphing

Mapping
 Shows how the elements are paired.
 “Flows chart of a function”.

Example of a function.

Domain Range

A I
B II
C III
D IV

 One on One Correspondent

Domain Range

-3 0
-1 4
2 7
4
  Many to One Correspondent

Example of Not function.

Domain Range

A I
B II
C III
D IV

 One on Many Correspondent

Sets (Roster Notation)

Example of a function.

{(2,3), (4,5),(5,6),(6,7)}

x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4

 Just look for the domain which are 2,4,5,6 there is no repeated x values.

Example of Not function.

{(3,3),(4,5),(5,5),(5,4 )}

x1 y1 x2 y2 x3 y3 x4 y4

 Just look for the domain which are 3,4,5,5 did you notice that the 5(x−value) is repeated.

Grapping
 Using Vertical Line Test (VTL)
 We can identify a function using imaginary vertical line and touches the graph only one.
 If the vertical line hits two or more points on the graph therefore it is NOT a function.

Example of the function.

Point
 Imaginary Vertical Line

Point

Imaginary Vertical Line

Example of NOT function.

Two Points

Imaginary Vertical Line

Imaginary Vertical Line

Two Points

Functions in Real-Life

Circumference of a Circle
“Function of its Diameter”
C (d)=dπ
“Function of Radius”
C (r )=2 πr
 A Shadow

The Length of the shadow of a person from the

floor is a “function of one’s height”.

Driving a Car

When driving your location is a “function of time”.

ASSESSMENT/QUIZ

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is a function?
a. Set of inputs and outputs
b. Set of x-values and y-values
c. Every input has only ONE output
d. Inputs have different outputs every time
2. Which of the following set of values is a function?
a. {(2,3), (4 ,−3) ,(6,4) ,(8,8)}
b. {(2 ,−2),(5,9),(5 ,−7),(1,4)}
c. {(6 ,−5),(7 ,−3) ,(8 ,−1),(8,1)}
d. {(9,5),(10,5),(11 ,−5) ,(11 ,−5) }
3. According to the table, does the relationship represent a function?

TIME (Minutes) Temperature (C0)

0 15
40 20
87 25
160 35
240 49

a. Yes, the relationship is a function because every minute has a unique temperature.
b. Yes, the relationship is a function because the temperature is increasing as time passes.
 c. No, the relationship is not a function because the increase in temperature is not the same.
d. No, the relationship is not a function because the increase in the minutes is higher than the
temperature.
4. Students were asked to state the different ways of determining if a relation is a function. Which
student is NOT correct?
a. Maria said “In a table, if the x –values have more than one corresponding y-value, it is not a
function.”
b. Jennifer said, “In the graph you can use the vertical line test and if the line intercepts only
once, it is a function.”
c. Sam said, “In an ordered pair, if the x-values have more than one corresponding y-values, it
is not a function.”
d. Matthew said, “In a mapping diagram you can use the vertical line test and if the line
intercepts only once, it is a function.”
5. Which of the following relations is NOT a function?
a. {(1,2) ,(3,4 ),(5,6) ,(7 , 8) }
b. {(2,3), (3,4) ,(4,5) ,(5,6)}
c. {(1,1) ,(2,2),(3,3), (4,4) }
d. {(−1,2),( 0,2) ,(−1,2) ,(2,3)}
6. What do you call to the y-values or outputs of a function?

a. Range c. Function
b. Domain d. Relation

7. What do you call to the x-values or inputs of a function?

a. Range c. Function
b. Domain d. Relation

8. Which graph in the image below does Not pass the vertical line test?
a. Graph 1
b. Graph 2
c. Graph 3
d. Graph 4

9. Refer to the image below, is the relation a function? Why?

 a. Yes, because the x-values 11 has two y-values pair with it.
b. Yes, because each x-value has only one y-value paired with it.
c. No, because the x-value 11 has two y-values pair with it.
d. No, because the x-value has only one y-value paired with it.
10. Which of the graphs in the image below is a function?
a. Graph 1
b. Graph 2
c. Graph 3
d. Graph 4

What you need to remember?

 A relation is a function when every x−value is associated to only one y−value .

 You can illustrate functions through mapping, set, or graphing.
 Functions can be seen in our daily lives like driving a car, length of a shadow and many more.

Prepared By: Sir Teddy B. Catimbang