Republic of the Philippines

Division of Davao City

TOYOZU TECHNICAL SCHOOL FOUNDATION INC.
#25 Dacudao Avenue Agdao, Davao City

GENERAL
MATHEMATICS
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
(Grade 11 - First Quarter)
WEEK 1
(August 24, 2020 – August 28, 2020)

MODULE 1
S.Y. 2020 - 2021
General Mathematics
Lesson 1: Functions and Their Graphs

Content Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of functions.

Learning Competency
The learner should able to accurately construct mathematical models to represent
real-life situations using functions.

Specific Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Represents a real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions.
2. Evaluates a function

ABSTRACTION
In mathematics and other disciplines, functions occur repeatedly in different forms.
Here are some real-life situations that make use of functions.

a. The area A of a circle is a function of its radius r.

A = πr2
b. The approximate amount of community tax is C(x) paid by a taxpayer whose gross
income is x (in P) is
C(x) = 5 + x
1,000
These real-life situations show that the quantity depends on, or corresponds to, or
aps onto another quantity. Moreover, these situations incorporate three elements – a set of
inputs, a function rule or rule of correspondence, and a set of outputs. These are
summarized in the table that follows:

Set of Inputs Function Rule Set of Output

a. Area of circle All radii r A = πr2 All areas A
b. Amount of tax All income x C(x) = 5 + x All tax amount
1,000 C(x)

Note that for every element in the set of inputs, there corresponds one and only one
element in the set of outputs based on the function rule. However, different elements in the
set of inputs may produce the same element in the set of outputs.

A relation is a rule that relates values from a set of values (called the domain) to a
second set of values (called the range). A relation is a set of ordered pairs (x, y).
FUNCTION

A function is a relation in which each element of

the domain is paired exactly one element of the range.
Another way of saying it is that there is one and only one
output (y) with each input (x). Using functional notation, we
can write f(x) = y, read as “f of x is equal to y”. In
particular, if (1, 2) is an ordered pair associated with the
function f, then we say that f(2) = 1.

Example of Function
A. Set of Ordered Pair (x, y)

1. {(3, 2), (4, 0), (5, 1), (2, 3)} = Function x – First element Domain
2. {(1, 2), (0, 3), (1, 6), (5, 4)} = Not Function Independent variable
3. {(3, 4), (3, 0), (3, 1), (3, 3)} = Not Function y – Second element Range
4. {(4, 2), (3, 2), (6, 2), (5, 2)} = Function Dependent variable

B. Diagram of Function

3 a 2 2 2
4 b 3 9 3 3 3 2
5 c 6 4 6 6 3

Function Function Not Function Not Function

One-to-One Relation Many-to-One One-to-Many Not all
Relation Relation elements are
represented
C. Vertical Line Test
A graph of a mathematical relation is a function if any vertical line drawn
passing through the graph intersects the graph at exactly one point.

Function Function Not a Function Function

EVALUATES A FUNCTION

When a function f is defined by y = f(x), then x is called the independent variable. Any
element of the domain can be chosen as a value of the independent variable. The resulting
value determines the corresponding value of the dependent variable y.
The value of the dependent variable y = f(x) that corresponds to a specific value of an
independent variable x is found by substituting x into the function rule, then simplifying the
resulting expression. Such process is called evaluating a function.

Example: Evaluate the function f(x) = x2 + 3x – 2 for each replacement value of x.

a. -3 c. 2
b. 0 d. 3

Solution:
To evaluate the function, simply replace x in f(x) with the given replacement value
then, simplify the result.

a. If x = -3 c. If x = 2
2
f(x) = x + 3x – 2 f(x) = x2 + 3x – 2
f(-3) = (-3) 2 + 3(-3) - 2 f(2) = (2) 2 + 3(2) - 2
= 9 + (-9) – 2 =4+6–2
= -2 =8

b. If x = 0 d. If x = 3
2
f(x) = x + 3x – 2 f(x) = x2 + 3x – 2
f(0) = (0) 2 + 3(0) - 2 f(3) = (3) 2 + 3(3) - 2
=0+0–2 =9+9–2
= -2 = 16

PIECE-WISE FUNCTION

It is called a compound function that

defined by multiple subfunctions, where each
subfunction applies to a certain interval of the
main function’s domain.

Example:
When x is less than 2, it gives 2 when x is
exactly 2 it gives when x is more than 2 and less
than or equal to 6 it gives the line a solid dot means
“including” an open dot means “not including” which
it looks like this.
ACTIVITY 1.1
Direction: State whether the given set of ordered is a FUNCTION or NOT A FUNCTION.

________________________f = {(4, 5), (-1, 4), (0, 1)}

________________________f = {(5, 5), (1, 1), (-3, 7)}
________________________f = {(0, -1), (2, 5), (-5, 1), (-4, 5)}
________________________f = {(3, 4), (0, 1), (-2, -1)}
________________________f = {(0, 0), (2, 2), (4, -4)}
________________________f = {(1, 4), (-6, -3), (3, -4), (-9, 4)}
________________________f = {(0, -3), (1, -1), (2, 1), (3, 3)}
________________________f = {(0, 0), (1, 1), (-1, -1), (-2, -2)}
________________________f = {(0, 0), (2, 6), (4, 12), (6, 18)}
________________________f = {(2, 5), (5, 2), (3, 7), (7, 3)}

ACTIVITY 1.2
Direction: Evaluate the following. Show the solution.

1. f(z) = z2 – 5z + 2, if the value of z is (-2).

2. h(x) = 3x – 4, if the value of x is 0.
4
3. g(x) = 2x3 + 3x – 1, if the value of x is (-3)
4. f(x) = x4 + 3x3 – 3, if the value of x is (-1)
5. f(x) = x3 + 3x – 3, if the value of x is (-2)

WRITE THE ANSWER AND SOLUTION HERE!

General Mathematics
Lesson 2: Functions and Their Graphs

Content Standard
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts of functions.

Learning Competency
The learner should able to accurately construct mathematical models to represent
real-life situations using functions.

Specific Learning Outcomes

At the end of this lesson, the learners will be able to:
3. Perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and composition of functions
4. Solve problems involving functions

ABSTRACTION

When a fundamental operation is applied to two or more given functions, a new

function can be formed.

SUM AND DIFFERENCE OF FUNCTIONS

If f and g are functions with domains Df and Dg, respectively, their sum is the function
defined as
(f + g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)
and their difference is the function defined as
(f – g) (x) = f(x) – g(x)

The domain of (f + g) (x) and (f - g) (x) is Df ⋂ Dg.

Example 1: Let f(x) = 2x3 – 5x + 4 and g(x) = 3x2 + 2x – 6. Find (f + g) (x) and determine its
domain.

Solution
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
= (2x3 – 5x + 4) + (3x2 + 2x – 6)
= 2x3 – 5x + 4 + 3x2 + 2x – 6
= 2x3 – 3x2 - 3x – 2

Example 2: Let f(x) = 5x – 2, g(x) = -7x + 3, and h(x) = 9x + 4. Find:

3 4 6

a. (f – g) (x) b. (g – h) (x)
Tips for Addition and Subtraction:
a. Find the least common denominator (LCD) of both fractions.
b. Rewrite the fractions as equivalent fractions with the same LCD.
c. The LCD is the denominator of the resulting fraction.
d. The sum or difference of the numerators is the numerator of the resulting fraction.

Solution
a. (f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x)
= 5x – 2 – 7x + 3 The domain of f and g is the
3 4 set of real numbers. Therefore, the
= 4(5x - 2) – 3(-7x + 3) domain of (f – g)(x) is {x|x∈R}.
12
= 20x – 8 + 12x – 9
b. (g - h)(x) = g(x) - h(x)
12
= -7x + 3 – 9x + 4
= 41x – 17
12 4 6
= 3(-7x + 3) – 2(9x + 4)
12
= -21x + 9 – 18x - 18
12
= -39x + 1
12

The domain of g and h is the set of real numbers. Thus, the domain of (g – h)(x) is {x|
x∈R}.

PRODUCT OF FUNCTIONS

If f and g are functions with domains Df and Dg, respectively, their product is the
function defined by
(f * g) (x) = f(x) * g(x)

The domain of (f * g) (x) is Df ⋂ Dg.

Example 3: Let f(x)= 3x2 – 7x – 6 and g(x)= 3x2 + x – 2. Find (f * g)(x) and determine its domain.
9x 2 – 4 x 2 – 2x – 3

Solution
(f * g)(x) = f(x) * g(x)
= 3x2 – 7x – 6 . 3x2 + x – 2
9x2 – 4 x2 – 2x – 3
= (3x + 2) (x – 3) . (3x – 2) (x + 1)
(3x + 2) (3x – 2) (x – 3) (x + 1)
=1
 The domain of (f * g) (x) is Df ⋂ Dg

QUOTIENT OF FUNCTIONS

If f and g are functions with domain Df and Dg, respectively, excluding the values of Dg
that will make g(x) zero, then their quotient is the function defined as

f (x) = f(x)
g g(x)

The domain of f (x) is Df ⋂ Dg, excluding those values of x that will make f (x)
undefined. g g

Example 4: Let f(x) = √͞ 2x and g(x) = √͞ x – 1, find f (x) and determine its domain.
g

Solution
f (x) = f(x)
g g(x)
= √͞ 2x
√͞ x - 1
= √͞ 2x . √͞ x – 1
√͞ x – 1 √͞ x - 1
= √͞ (2x)(x – 1)
√͞ (x – 1)2
= √͞ 2x2 – 2x
x-1
The domain of f(x) is Df ⋂ Dg

COMPOSITION OF FUNCTIONS

If f and g are functions with domains Df and Dg, the composite function f and g is
defined as
(f o g) (x) = f [g(x)]
The domain of (f o g) (x) consists of all real numbers f in the domain of g for which
g(x) is in the domain of f.
The symbol f o g is read as “f circle g”. in computing for (f o g) (x), simply replace all x
in f with g(x).

Example 5: Let f(x) = 1 , g(x) = √͞ x , and h(x) = x4 – 2x2 + 1. Find the following and
x
 determine the domain of each.

a. (f o g)(x) c. (h o f)(x)
b. (g o h)(x)

Solution:
A. To find (f o g)(x), replace x in f with g(x).

(f o g) (x) = 1
g(x)
= 1
√͞ x
= 1 . √͞ x
√͞ x √͞ x
= √͞ x
√͞ x2
= √͞ x
x
The domain of (f o g)(x) is {x > 0}.

B. To find (g o h)(x), replace the x in g with h(x).

(g o h) (x) = √͞ h(x)
= √͞ x4 – 2x2 + 1
= √͞ (x2 – 1)2
= x2 - 1
Since (g o h)(x) = √͞ h(x).

h(x) >0
4 2
x – 2x + 1 >0
x2 – 1 >0
x >1
x > 1 or < -1
Hence, the domain of (g o h)(x) is {x|x > 1 or x < 1}

C. To find (h o f)(x)

(h o f)(x) = [ f(x) ] – 2[ f(x) ] + 1

=14–212+1
x x
= 1 – 2 +1
x4 x2
= 1 – 2x2 + x4
x4
The domain of (h o f)(x) is {x|x = 0}

ACTIVITY 2.0
Direction: Perform the following fundamental operations on each given functions, then
determine its domain.

1. f(x) = x + 1; g(x) = 2x – 3 6. f(x) = x; g(x) = 1

2. f(x) = 3x – 1; g(x) = 4 – 2x 2x
3. f(x) = x2 + 1; g(x) = x – 3 2
7. f(x) = 3x + 1; g(x) = x – 3
4. f(x) = 2x2 – 3x; g(x) = x2 – 1 8. f(x) = x2; g(x) = 2x2
5. f(x) = x – 2; g(x) = 1 9. f(x) = 2 ; g(x) = 1
x x x
10. f(x) = x; g(x) = /2x

WRITE THE SOLUTION AND ANSWER HERE!