Chapter# 02

Complex Number
Complex number: A number of the form , where a and b are real numbers and i=√ is
called complex number. The complex number is also denoted by order pair (a,b).

Real and imaginary part:

If z= is a complex then,

(i) a is called real part of z and we write Re(z)=a

(ii) b is called imaginary part of z and we write Im(z)=b
(i) 𝑥 +1=0
Purely real and purely imaginary complex numbers: 𝑥 = 1
𝑥 =±√
(i) A complex number is caller purely real if its imaginary part
𝑥=±𝑖
is zero
(ii) A complex number is caller purely imaginary if its real
(ii) 𝑥 +a=0
part is zero
𝑥 = a
Example: z= = (0,b) Purely imaginary 𝑥 =±√ 𝑎
𝑥=±𝑎𝑖
z= = (a,0) Purely real

Equality of complex numbers: Two complex numbers and are said to be equal if
Re( )= Re( ) and Im( )= Im( )

Example: (a,b)=(c,d) if a=c and b=d

Power of i :

i2 = 1

i3 = i2 = 1 =

i 4 = i2 = 1 1= 1

= =

Note: any power of i must be equal to

Algebraic operations of complex numbers:

1. Addition:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Example: (i), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(ii), (√ √ )+ ( √ √ ) =(√ √ √ √ )= ( √ √ )
2. Subtraction:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Example: (i), ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

(ii), ( ) ( ) ( ( )) ( ) ( )

3. Multipication:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

Example: (i), ( ) ( ) { ( ) } ( )

( )

(ii), ( ) ( ) { ( ) }
( ) ( ) ( )

4. Division:
( ) ( )

Example:

Write in terms of i:
 √ √ √
 √ √ √ √
  √ √ √ √
 √ √ √
 √
 √ √ √ √
√ √
 √
√ √

 √
√ √

Conjugate of a complex number:

If is a complex number, then the complex number Note: (i) Important
is called conjugate of the complex number and conjugate property.
we write ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
̅̅̅
𝒛𝟏
Example: (i) if , then ̅ 𝒛̅
̅̅̅
𝒛𝟐
(ii) if ( ) ̅ ( ) 𝟐 𝟑𝒊
e.g 𝒛
𝟏 𝒊
Note: A real number is self-conjugate.
𝟐 𝟑𝒊
Modulus of complex number: If if a complex number, then
𝒛̅
𝟏 𝒊
The non-negative real number √ is called the modulus of the
(ii) 𝒊𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝟏 𝒊𝒏 𝟐
Complex and we | | √
𝒊𝒏 𝟑 𝒊𝒏 𝟒 … …
Example: let ( )
Always z ro
| | √ ( ) √ √
𝟏 𝒛̅
Multiplicative inverse: If is a non-zero complex (iii) |𝒛|𝟐
𝒛
Number, then is called multiplicative inverse of z. 𝑧̅ 𝑧
(iv)
𝑧 𝑧̅
M.I of

Example: ( ) ( ) (v) M.I of (a,0) = ( )

𝑎

(vi) The sum as well as

product of complex number
and its conjugate is always
real

(Purely real) number

Properties of Addition and Multiplication:
If ,are complex numbers then

 ( ) ( )

 ( ) ( )

 ( ) ( )


 ( )
Properties of conjugate of a complex number:
 (̅̅̅
̅ )=
 ̅ ( )
 0 ̅ ( )
 ̅ if z is purely real
 ̅ if z is purely imaginary
 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅ ̅̅̅
 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅ ̅̅̅
 ̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ ̅ ̅̅̅

 (̅̅̅̅̅) ̅̅̅
̅̅̅

Properties of modulus of a complex number:

If ,are complex numbers then
 | |
 | | | ̅| | | |̅̅̅̅|
 | ̅| | |
 | | | || |
| |
 | |
 | | | | | | ( ̅̅̅)
 | | | | | | ( ̅̅̅)
 | | | | | | | |
 r
  ( ̅)

Additive inverse of a complex number: if ( ) , then ( ) ( )

is called additive inverse of a complex number
Example: additive inverse of (3,-4) is (-3,4)
additive inverse of is

Note:

 ( ) lies in quadrant
 ( ) lies in quadrant
 ( ) lies in quadrant
 ( ) lies in quadrant
 ( ) lies on x-axis
 ( ) lies on y-axis

Finding real and imaginary parts of a complex number:

Example: Find the real and imaginary parts of ( )

( ) . Real and imaginary parts are -2,3

Factorization:

Example:

Solution: ( ) ( ) ( )( )
 Chapter No: 02
Complex numbers
Assignment Level
Q#1. The product of the complex number with its conjugate is

(A) Prime number (B) Imaginary number (C) Real number (D) Real and Imaginary number

Q#2. “1” if not a

(A) Real number (B) Natural number (C) Prime number (D) Whole number

Q#3. There exists no rational number such that

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q#4. ( )

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q#5. ( )

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q#6. ( )

(A) (B) (C) (D) None

Q#7. Roots of the equation are

(A) (B) (C) (D) None

Q#8.

(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)

Q#9.

(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)

 | |
Q#10.

(A) | | (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) None

Q#11.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q#12. ( )

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q#13. √ √

(A) 6 (B) (C) 6 (D)

Q#14. If √ is a complex number, then what is its modulus?

(A) √ (B) (C) √ (D) None

Q#15. ( ) , then values of x and y are

(A) ( ) (B) ( ) (C) ( ) (D) None

Q#16. If √ is a complex number, then what is its conjugate

(A) √ (B) (C) (D) None

Q#17. If z is a complex number, then z is real or purely imaginary iff

(A) ̅ (B) ̅̅̅ (C) ̅̅̅ (D) None

Q#18.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q#19.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q#20.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q#21.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

Q#22.

(A) (B) (C) (D)

√
Q#23. The complex part of the number is
√

√ √
(A) (B) (C) (D) None

Q#24. If , then | ̅|

(A) (B) 5 (C) √ (D) None

Q#25, ( )

(A) 4 (B) (C) (D) None

Q#26.

(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)

Q#27. ( )

(A) 256 (B) (C) (D) None

Q#28. =?

(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)

Q#29.( )

(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)

Q#30.

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D) None

Q#31.

(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)

Q#32. The complex number ( ) is denoted by “i” then is given by:

(A) (1,0) (B) (0,1) (C) ( ) (D) ( )

Q#33. If ( ) then x=? and y=?

(A) (B) (C) (D) None

Q#34.

(A) ( ) (B) ( ) (C) ( ) (D) ( )

Q#35. The multiplicative inverse of (√ √ )

√ √ √ √ √ √
(A) ( ) (B) ( ) (C) ( ) (D) None
√ √ √ √

Q#36.

(A) 1 (B) (C) (D)

 Chapter No: 02
Complex numbers
Assignment Key

1 C 19 A
2 C 20 B
3 C 21 D
4 A 22 C
5 B 23 A
6 D 24 B
7 B 25 B
8 C 26 D
9 D 27 D
10 B 28 C
11 D 29 A
12 C 30 A
13 B 31 C
14 C 32 C
15 C 33 A
16 A 34 A
17 B 35 C
18 C 36 B