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    Megat Muhammad Arif
    This document discusses fluid dynamic characterization of turbo-machinery. It identifies two main categories of turbo-machines: those that absorb power to increase fluid pressure or head such as fans, compressors and pumps, and those that produce power by expanding fluid to a lower pressure or head such as hydraulic, steam and gas turbines. It also discusses classification of turbo-machines based on flow path, solid-fluid interaction level, and provides an overview of the theoretical and rigorous work done by Bernoulli, Euler and others to develop the mathematics behind turbo-machinery.

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    Mel346 3

    Uploaded by

    Megat Muhammad Arif
    38 views18 pages
    This document discusses fluid dynamic characterization of turbo-machinery. It identifies two main categories of turbo-machines: those that absorb power to increase fluid pressure or head such as fans, compressors and pumps, and those that produce power by expanding fluid to a lower pressure or head such as hydraulic, steam and gas turbines. It also discusses classification of turbo-machines based on flow path, solid-fluid interaction level, and provides an overview of the theoretical and rigorous work done by Bernoulli, Euler and others to develop the mathematics behind turbo-machinery.

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    This document discusses fluid dynamic characterization of turbo-machinery. It identifies two main categories of turbo-machines: those that absorb power to increase fluid pressure or head such as fans, compressors and pumps, and those that produce power by expanding fluid to a lower pressure or head such as hydraulic, steam and gas turbines. It also discusses classification of turbo-machines based on flow path, solid-fluid interaction level, and provides an overview of the theoretical and rigorous work done by Bernoulli, Euler and others to develop the mathematics behind turbo-machinery.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    38 views18 pages

    Mel346 3

    Uploaded by

    Megat Muhammad Arif
    This document discusses fluid dynamic characterization of turbo-machinery. It identifies two main categories of turbo-machines: those that absorb power to increase fluid pressure or head such as fans, compressors and pumps, and those that produce power by expanding fluid to a lower pressure or head such as hydraulic, steam and gas turbines. It also discusses classification of turbo-machines based on flow path, solid-fluid interaction level, and provides an overview of the theoretical and rigorous work done by Bernoulli, Euler and others to develop the mathematics behind turbo-machinery.

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    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 18

    Fluid Dynamic Characterization of Turbo-machinery

    P M V Subbarao
    Professor
    Mechanical Engineering Department

    Understanding the Role of Vectorial


    analysis !!!

    The thermodynamic Variations


    Two main categories of turbo-machine are identified:
    Firstly, those which absorb power to increase the fluid
    pressure or head (fans, compressors and pumps);
    Secondly, those that produce power by expanding fluid to
    a lower pressure or head (hydraulic, steam and gas
    turbines).
    Incompressible
    Fluid

    Compressible
    Fluid

    Power Generating
    Machines

    Hydraulic Turbines

    Steam/Gas/wind
    Turbines

    Power Consuming
    Machines

    Pumps

    Fan/blowers/
    Compressors

    Fluid Dynamics of A Turbo-machine


    A Turbo-machine

    The Ancient Design : Undershot Water Wheel : 4000BC

    SOME TYPES OF WIND TURBINES: VAWT

    SOME TYPES OF WIND TURBINES: HAWT

    Various Types of Modern Turbomachine

    Why So Many?

    Why so many different types of either pumps


    (compressors) or turbines are in use ?
    Is it due to (almost) infinite range of service requirements?
    As a fact, for a given set of operating/resource
    requirements ,
    there should be only one type of pump or turbine which is
    best suited to provide best/optimum performance.

    Classification of Turbo-machines

    Two main categories of turbo-machine are identified:


    Firstly, those which absorb power to increase the fluid
    pressure or head (fans, compressors and pumps);
    Secondly, those that produce power by expanding fluid to
    a lower pressure or head (hydraulic, steam and gas
    turbines).

    Classification : Flow Path

    Classification : Flow Path


    Turbo-machines are further categorised according to the
    nature of the flow path through the passages of the rotor.
    When the path of the through-flow is wholly or mainly
    parallel to the axis of rotation, the device is termed an
    axial flow turbo-machine.
    When the path of the through-flow is wholly or mainly in a
    plane perpendicular to the rotation axis, the device is
    termed a radial flow turbo-machine.
    Mixed flow turbo-machines are widely used.
    The term mixed flow refers to the direction of the throughflow at rotor outlet when both radial and axial velocity
    components are present in significant amounts.

    Solid Fluid Interaction Level


    Open flow
    No casing or enclosure for the rotating device

    Propeller is an open flow power consuming


    device.
    Windmill is an open flow power generating
    device.

    Enclosed or encased flow devices

    Any Unified Theory?

    Developed by the Father of Turbo-machines

    The Mathematics of Turbo-machinery

    Leonhard Euler
    Leonhard Euler (1707-1783) was
    arguably the greatest mathematician of
    the eighteenth century.
    One of the most prolific writer of all
    time; his publication list of 886 papers
    and books fill about 90 volumes.
    Remarkably, much of this output dates
    from the last two decades of his life,
    when he was totally blind.
    Euler's prolific output caused a
    tremendous problem of backlog: the St.
    Petersburg Academy continued
    publishing his work posthumously for
    more than 30 years.

    Theoretical and Rigorous Work of French


    Bernoulli and Leonhard Euler.
    1750:Euler offered a memoir containing analysis and
    equations for hydraulic turbines.
    1754: An idealized theoretical application of Newtons
    Law to centrifugal impellers.
    Known as Euler Equation.
    Did much to help the development of hydraulic machinery.
    1767: Relation between Torque and Change in moment of
    momentum of the fluid as it passed through the machine.

    Applications of Eulers Equation

    Euler equation applies to all kinds of turbomachines.


    Wind turbines ---- Pumps --- Gas turbines.
    Axial flow machines to Radial flow to Mixed flow.
    Energy extraction machines Energy consuming
    machines.
    For a turbine the value of Equation is negative.
    For pumps, fans, blowers and compressors it is positive.

    The Superiority of Vector Parameters

    V Vr i V j Vz k

    Eulers Work Equation

    V Vr i V j Vz k
    Euler Theory:
    Torque exerted by flow on blade row = shaft output torque
    = Rate of change of Angular momentum of fluid =

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