SQL COMMANDS

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SQL CREATE TABLE Statement

SQL CREATE TABLE Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type(size) not null,
column_name2 data_type(size) not null,
column_name3 data_type(size)
PRIMARY KEY (column_name1)
);

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SQL CREATE TABLE Statement

SQL CREATE TABLE Syntax

CREATE TABLE table_name
(
column_name1 data_type(size) not null
Primary Key,
column_name2 data_type(size) not null,
column_name3 data_type(size),
…
);

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SQL CREATE TABLE Statement

SQL CREATE TABLE Syntax

CREATE TABLE Orders (
OrderID int NOT NULL,
OrderNumber int NOT NULL,
PersonID int,
PRIMARY KEY (OrderID),
FOREIGN KEY (PersonID) REFERENCES
Persons(PersonID)
);

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SQL CREATE TABLE Example
CREATE TABLE Persons
(
PersonID int not null Primary Key,
LastName varchar(255),
FirstName varchar(255),
Address varchar(255),
City varchar(255)
);

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SQL CREATE TABLE Example
CREATE TABLE Orders (
OrderID int NOT NULL,
OrderNumber int NOT NULL,
PersonID int,
PRIMARY KEY (OrderID),
FOREIGN KEY (PersonID) REFE
RENCES Persons(PersonID)
);

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SQL CREATE TABLE Example
CREATE TABLE Orders (
OrderID
int NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
OrderNumber int NOT NULL,
PersonID
int FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES Pers
ons(PersonID)
);

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SQL SELECT Statement

SELECTcolumn_name,column_name
FROM table_name;
And
SELECT * FROM table_name;

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SQL SELECT Example

SELECT CustomerName, City FROM Customers;

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SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement
SELECT DISTINCT column_name,column_name
FROM table_name;

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 SQL SELECT DISTINCT Statement

SELECT DISTINCT City FROM Customers;

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SQL WHERE Clause

SQL WHERE Syntax

SELECT column_name,column_name
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value;

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SQL WHERE Clause

SELECT * FROM Customers

WHERE Country='Mexico';

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Operator in WHERE Clause

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 SQL ORDER BY Keyword
SELECT column_name,column_name
FROM table_name
ORDER BY column_name,column_name ASC|DESC;

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SQL ORDER BY Keyword

SELECT * FROM Customers

ORDER BY Country DESC;

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SQL INSERT INTO Statement
SQL INSERT INTO Syntax
INSERT INTO table_name
VALUES (value1,value2,value3,...);
OR
INSERT INTO table_name (column1, column2,...)
VALUES (value1,value2,...);

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Demo Database

INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerName, ContactName, Address, City,

PostalCode,Country)
VALUES ('Cardinal','Tom B. Erichsen','Skagen 21','Stavanger','4006','Norway');

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 Insert Data Only in Specified Columns
INSERT INTO Customers (CustomerName, City,
Country)
VALUES ('Cardinal', 'Stavanger', 'Norway');

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SQL UPDATE Statement
SQL UPDATE Statement
UPDATE table_name
SET column1=value1,column2=value2,...
WHERE some_column=some_value;
Notice the WHERE clause in the SQL
UPDATE statement!
The WHERE clause specifies which record
or records that should be updated. If you
omit the WHERE clause, all records will be
updated!
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Example

UPDATE Customers
SET ContactName='Alfred Schmidt', City='Hamburg'
WHERE CustomerName='Alfreds Futterkiste';

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Update Warning!
UPDATE Customers
SET ContactName='Alfred Schmidt', City='Hamburg';

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SQL DELETE Statement
SQL DELETE Syntax

DELETE FROM table_name

WHERE some_column=some_value;

Notice the WHERE clause in the SQL

DELETE statement!

The WHERE clause specifies which record

or records that should be deleted. If you

omit the WHERE clause, all records will be

deleted

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Demo Database

DELETE FROM Customers

WHERE CustomerName='Alfreds Futterkiste' AND
ContactName='Maria Anders';

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Delete All Data
DELETE FROM table_name;
or
DELETE * FROM table_name;

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SQL INNER JOIN Keyword
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
INNER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

OR

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

Note: INNER JOIN is the same as JOIN.

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SQL INNER JOIN Keyword

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SQL INNER JOIN Example

SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderID

FROM Customers
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Customers.CustomerID=Orders.CustomerID
ORDER BY Customers.CustomerName;

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SQL INNER JOIN Example
SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderID
FROM Customers
INNER JOIN Orders
ON Customers.CustomerID=Order.CustomerID
ORDER BY Customers.CustomerName;

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SQL LEFT JOIN Statement
SQL LEFT JOIN Syntax
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

Or

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;

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SQL LEFT JOIN Example

SELECT Customers.CustomerName, Orders.OrderID

FROM Customers
LEFT JOIN Orders
ON Customers.CustomerID=Orders.CustomerID
ORDER BY Customers.CustomerName;

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 SQL GROUP BY Statement
SQL GROUP BY Syntax

SELECT column_name, aggregate_function(column_name)

FROM table_name

WHERE column_name operator value

GROUP BY column_name;

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SQL GROUP BY example
"Orders" table

"Shippers" table

"Employees" table

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SQL GROUP BY example
SELECT Shippers.ShipperName,COUNT(Orders.OrderID)
AS NumberOfOrders FROM Orders
LEFT JOIN Shippers
ON Orders.ShipperID=Shippers.ShipperID
GROUP BY ShipperNam

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SQL COUNT example
SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

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SQL AVG example
SELECT AVG(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

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SQL SUM example
SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE condition;

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MySQL Date Functions

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