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UNIT I INTRODUCTION Introduction to IC technology-MOS, PMOS, NMOS, CMOS and BI-CMOS technologies-oxidation, lithiography, diffusion, Ion implantation, metallisation

, Encapsulation, probe testing, integrated resistors and capacitors. UNIT II BASIC ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES Basic electrical properties of MOS and BI-CMOS circuits: Ids-Vds relationships, MOS transistor threshold voltage, gm, gds, figure of merit; pass transistor, NMOS inverter, various pull-ups, CMOS inverter analysis and design, BI-CMOS inverters. UNIT III VLSI CIRCUIT DESIGN PROCESSES VLSI design flow, MOS layers, stick diagrams, design rules and lay out,2 m CMOS design rules for wires, contacts and transistors layout diagrams for NMOS and CMOS inverters and gates, scaling of MOS circuits, limitations of scaling. UNIT IV GATE LEVEL DESIGN Logic gates and other complex gates, switch logic, alternate gate circuits, basic circuit concepts, sheet resistance RS and its concept to MOS, area capacitance units, calculations-(Micro)-delays, driving large capacitive loads, wiring capacitances, fan-in and fan-out, choice of layers.

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