CSS 101

Computer Systems Servicing

MODULE 5 – Setting Network Configuration

Daisy Jean A. Castillo

Subject Instructor
◉ Information is the building block for effective
communication.
◉ Communication is the universal currency that
knits us together and drives our day to day
operations.
◉ Computer networking is a favorite among
many businesses.
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◉ You’re probably thinking how important is
networking?
◉ This mainstream technology has proven to be
an effective means to enhance proficient,
flexible and streamlined communication while
maximizing on productivity and resources.

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1 Understanding
Network Devices
Network Devices
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network

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Understanding Network
Devices

◉ We aim to understand how computers are

connected to each other that is why it is
essential that we should be familiar with the
different devices found in the workplace to
perform network connectivity.

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Understanding Network
Devices

◉ It is important to understand that each

workplace has a unique plan/map of how the
organization distributes information and who
has access.
◉ This lesson's goal is to simply familiarize
ourselves with the different network devices
which we'll get to connecting later.

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Network Devices

1. Router
2. Switch
3. Hub
4. Repeater
5. Bridge

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 Router
A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is
connected to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs
or a LAN and its ISP's network. Routers are located at gateways, the
places where two or more networks connect.
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Router

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Router

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 Switch
A device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches
operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer
(layer 3) of the OSI Reference Model and therefore support any packet
protocol. LANs that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs
or, in the case of Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs.
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 Hub
A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly
used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a
packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments
of the LAN can see all packets.

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 Repeater
A network device used to regenerate or replicate a signal. Repeaters are used
in transmission systems to regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by
transmission loss. Analog repeaters frequently can only amplify the signal
while digital repeaters can reconstruct a signal to near its original quality.

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 Bridge
A device that connects two local-area networks (LANs), or two segments of
the same LAN that use the same protocol, such as Ethernet or TokenRing.

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Local Area Network

◉ Basically, a local area network, called as LAN,

is a group of computers and connected
devices that share a common communication
line (or may be wireless) to a server.
◉ A LAN is where computers and mobile devices
may share resources like printers, scanners,
storage, etc.

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Local Area Connection
Properties

◉ To make sure that your LAN works properly, make sure

that the following items are installed and enabled in the
Local Area Connection Properties:
○ Clients For Microsoft Networks
■ Allow your computer to share files and printers in Microsoft
Network
○ Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)
■ The protocol that enables the computer to communicate
with other computers in the network. This can be set
automatically or manually specified along with other
network information to work properly. Make sure however
that each device has a unique IP.
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Local Area Connection
Properties continued…

○ LAN Settings
■ These are specific IP settings for the LAN interface.
■ The default IP Address is 192.168.0.1.
■ The default Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.
○ DHCP Server
■ Stands for Dynamic Host Control Protocol.
■ This gives the IP Addresses when a device starts and
requests an IP address from the network. It can be set to
obtain IP address automatically.

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Different Network Location
Types

1. Home Network
○ This type is ideal for home networks where you
trust all the people and the devices using the
network. By default, network discovery is turned
on, allowing you to see other computers and
devices, and others can see you as well.

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Different Network Location
Types

2. Work Network
○ This type is used in small office or other workplace
networks. By default, network discovery is enabled
allowing other computers on a network.
○ However, you cannot join or create a homegroup.

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Different Network Location
Types

2. Public Network
○ This type is the safest. This is designed to keep your
computer from being visible to others and helps
protect your computer from malicious software
from the Internet.
○ However, network discovery is turned off and
homegroup is not available on this network.

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Different Network Location
Types

3. Domain Network
○ This is used for domains and at enterprise networks.
○ This is controlled by the network administrator.

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Wide Area Network

◉ Also known as WAN.

◉ This is a collection of computers and networks
connected via a network just like the LAN.
◉ However, in WAN, it is connected over a large
geographic area.
◉ The following are the WAN settings used to
connect to the Internet Service Provider (ISP):
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Dynamic IP Address

○ Host Name
■ This is optional. Usually, this is the model
number of the device.
○ MAC Address
■ This is optional. MAC stands for Media Access
Control. The MAC Address is set by default to
the MAC Address of the WAN interface in the
device.

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Dynamic IP Address

○ Primary DNS Address/ Secondary DNS Address

■ This is optional. A Domain Name Server (DNS)
is entered. If left blank, the ISP provides the
DNS address.
○ Auto-Reconnect
■ This feature allows the router to reconnect to
the ISP automatically if connections is
disconnected.

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Static IP Address

○ This is to set a specific IP Address that is still

provided by the ISP.
○ However, this is avoided because this requires a lot
of work and manual entry of network information.

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PPPoE

○ Stands for Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet.

○ Only used if the ISP uses this protocol. The ISP
provides the username and password.

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IP Addressing

○ IP Address, or the Internet Protocol Address, is a

numerical label assigned to a device within a
computer network that uses the Internet Protocol.
○ It has two functions: (1) network hosting ; and (2)
location addressing.

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IP Addressing

○ The IPv4 is still in use today. It is a 32-bit number

system.
○ On the other hand, a new version of Internet
Protocol called the IPv6 makes use of 128 bits for its
address. (e.g. 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1)

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2 Creating Network
Cables
Network Media
Wireless Connections
Wireless Networking
Patch Panels

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Creating Network Cables

◉ Cable is the medium through which

information usually moves from one network
device to another.
◉ There are several types of cables which are
commonly used with LANs. In some cases, a
network will utilize only one type of cable,
while other networks will use a variety of
cable types.
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Creating Network Cables

◉ The type of cable chosen for a network is

related to the network's topology, protocol,
and size.
◉ Understanding the characteristics of different
types of cable and how they relate to other
aspects of a network is necessary for the
development of a successful network.

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Network Media

◉ The network can be connected through two

types of connections: wired and wireless.
◉ Having a wired connection is more reliable
than a wireless connection.
◉ However, wireless connections are widely
used by some devices such as cellphones and
laptops for their portability.
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Network Media

◉ The following are different wired connections

commonly used in networking.
◉ However, for this Qualification, we are
focusing on UTP and STP Cables which are
most common for Local Area Networks.

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Network Media

1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable

2. Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) Cable
3. Coaxial Cable
4. Fiber Optic Cable

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Unshielded Twisted Pair
(UTP) Cable

◉ A popular type of cable that is

commonly used for Local
Area Networks. It has a two
shielded wires twisted around
each other.

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Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
Cable

◉ The extra covering of

the STP Cable provides
extra protection to
prevent electromagnetic
interference.

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Coaxial Cable

◉ This the cable commonly used

in television industries.
◉ The metal shield surrounding
the cable helps block
interference from fluorescence
lights, motors, and other
computers.

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Fiber Optic Cable

◉ Transmits light rather than

electronic signals which
reduce the risks of electrical
interference.
◉ It is ideal for environments
where electrical interference is
present.

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Wireless Connections

◉ Wireless connections make use of LANs which allow

high frequency radio signals to communicate between
work stations, servers, or hubs.
◉ Wireless networks are ideal for allowing laptops,
portable devices, and other devices to connect to the
LAN. This is also beneficial in establishments where it
may be harder to install cables.

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Wireless Networking

◉ A wireless network is any type of computer

network that use wireless data connections for
connecting network nodes.
○ Wireless PAN
○ Wireless LAN
○ Wireless Mesh Networks

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Wireless PAN

◉ Stands for Wireless Personal Area Networks

(WPANs).
◉ This connection interconnect devices within a
small area. An example would be Bluetooth
and infrared.

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Wireless LAN

◉ Known as WLANs. This is used to connect to

local resources and the internet.
◉ It links two or more devices over a short
distance using a wireless distribution method -
usually through an wireless router/wireless
access point for internet access.
◉ Wi-Fi falls under WLANs.
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Wireless Mesh Networks

◉ This is a wireless network made up of radio nodes

organized in a mesh topology. It can be a
1. Wireless MAN or Wireless Metropolitan Area Network which
connects several WLANs.
2. Wireless WAN or Wireless Wide Area Network which covers
large areas such as cities/towns, branch offices, business, public
internet access system, etc.
3. Global Area Network (GAN) for used for mobile technology such
as texting, calling, etc.
4. Space Network which is used between spacecrafts within the
vicinity of earth. NASA's Space Network makes use of this
technology.
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Cable Installation

◉ In network installation, we have

to be familiar with the RJ45
(Registered Jack).
◉ It is a jack used for Ethernet
networking and used for
cables. Both T568A and T568B
are common wiring standards
however the T568B is widely
used in the Philippines.
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Cable Installation

◉ There are two common network cabling namely the

straight-through and the crossover cables.
○ A straight-through cable is also known as the patch cable or
Ethernet cable.
○ This is the most common format for network cables. The wires
have same pins from either end.
○ This is used when connecting a computer to a modem, router, or
switch.
○ This is also used between networking equipment that are not
similar to each other.

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Cable Installation

○ A crossover cable crosses the wires from the other end

differently to the other.
○ We use these when we connect two devices of the same type
like two computers or two similar networking devices.
○ These wirings use two different ends, T568A and T568B.
○ However, if we use a device between two devices (such as a
switch), all cables are straight through.

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Cable Installation

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Cable Installation

◉ Watch the video on YouTube entitled Creating an

Ethernet Cable (CSS) uploaded by TESDA to learn how
to create straight-through and crossover cables.
◉ Enter this link https://youtu.be/bJIB6I_Uk8w in your
browser to watch the video.
◉ If there is no way you can connect to the internet to
watch the video, ask your subject instructor for the soft
copy of the video.

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Patch Panels

◉ A patch panel, also known as patch bay, patch field, or

jack field, is used to connect and route circuits for
monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a
convenient and flexible matter.

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Patch Panels

◉ Having an organized patch panel is important in the

workplace. Although the patch panel is meant for
organization, it is still essential to minimize hazards such
as hanging and open network cables.

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Patch Panels

◉ Good patch panel cable management is important. Neat

patch, for example, is one of the most common patch
panel cable management systems.
◉ It allows users to store patch panels in a neat and tidy
compartment. It is also compliant with industry
standards.

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Patch Panel to Modular Box

◉ In connecting a patch panel to a modular box, it is

important to take note that the UTP cable at this time is
neither a straight-through or crossover.
◉ We will be installing both ends on a patch panel and a
modular box.

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Patch Panel to Modular Box

A. Patch Panel
> First, strip the outer covering of the cable
> Then, arrange the wires according to its proper color coding based
on the color coding you have done on the RJ45.
A – white blue / blue / white green / green / white orange / orange /
white brown / brown
B – white blue / blue / white orange / orange / white green / green /
white brown / brown

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Patch Panel to Modular Box

B. Modular Box
> Strip the outer covering of the cable
> Arrange the wires according to its proper color coding based on the
color coding you have done on the RJ45. Connect the cables ust like
the numbers arranged at the figure below.> First, strip the outer
covering of the cable

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Patch Panel to Modular Box

◉ Watch the video on YouTube entitled Terminating and

Connecting Patch Panels (CSS) uploaded by TESDA to
learn how to install patch panels:
◉ Enter this link https://youtu.be/gfMHNu4LaIo in your
browser to watch the video.
◉ If there is no way you can connect to the internet to
watch the video, ask your subject instructor for the soft
copy of the video.

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3 Configuring the
Network
Network Topologies

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Configuring the Network

◉ A computer network is a collection of computers and

other devices linked together via use networking
devices. Networking devices are also called as
communicating devices.
◉ Computer networks are important because it ensures
effective transmission and sharing of data between
different computer devices.

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Configuring the Network

◉ Setting-up computer networks at your homes does not

need to be complicated. Few basic pieces of computer
hardware are needed to connect your computers and
other devices to each other and to the Internet.

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Network Categories

Personal Area This is used for communication among computer and

Network (PAN) different devices close to a person. PAN usually reaches
up to 10 meters.
Local Area Network Consists of personal computers linked together within
(LAN) a limited area. For example, within a small building,
office, floor, or department.
Metropolitan Area Larger than LAN. It can span in no more than 50 miles.
Network (MAN) It is used to cover a small
Wide Area Network This type of network covers a large geographic area
(WAN) such as a city or even a country. Different types of
communication channels such as telephone lines,
cables, and air waves are used for this to be possible.
The Internet is an example of a WAN and it is the
world’s largest WAN.
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Difference in Network
Categories

Difference in... LAN MAN WAN

Cost Low Optic High Higher

Network Size Small Large Largest
Speed Fastest Slower Slowest
Transmission Twisted Pair • Twisted Pair • Fiber-Optic
Media • Fiber-Optic • Radio Wave
Cables • Satellite
Number of Smallest Large Largest
Computers

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Network Topologies

◉ Basically, network topology is how the network of

devices/computers is arranged through the connection
of various nodes through lines of connections.
◉ Imagine a topology as a guide or a map in creating your
own network.

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Network Topologies

◉ There are different types of network topologies that we

will be going through in this topic.
1. Bus Topology
2. Ring Topology
3. Star Topology
4. Mesh Topology
5. Tree Topology
6. Hybrid Topology

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Bus Topology

◉ This is a network type in which the computers and

network devices are connected to a single cable.
◉ This type of network can transmit data in only one
direction. Each device is connected to a single cable.

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Bus Topology

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Bus Topology

◉ Pros
☑ Cost-effective
☑ Cable is required
☑ For small networks
☑ Easy to understand and create
☑ Easy to expand (through joining two cables)
◉ Cons
☑ When cable fails, the whole network fails
☑ If network traffic is heavy, the performance of the network
decreases
☑ Cable has limited length
☑ Slower than ring topology
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Ring Topology

◉ This network forms like a ring where a computer is

connected to another computer. The last computer is
connected to the first. Each computer has two
neighbors.
◉ It has a number of repeaters. The transmission is
unidirectional. The data is also transferred in a
sequential manner, bit by bit.

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Ring Topology

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Ring Topology

◉ Pros
☑ Not affected by high traffic
☑ Cheap to install and expand
◉ Cons
☑ Hard to troubleshoot
☑ Adding or removing a computer will disturb network activity
☑ When a computer fails, the whole network is disturbed.

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Star Topology

◉ This type features all computers connected through a

single hub/switch through a cable. The hub/switch is a
central node and all others are connected to a central
node.
◉ Each node has a dedicated connection to the
hub/switch. This will act as a repeater as well for data
flow. This can be done using a UTP, optical fiber, or
coaxial cable.

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Star Topology

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Star Topology

◉ Pros
☑ Fast performance the fewer nodes
☑ Low network traffic
☑ Switch/Hub can be easily upgraded
☑ Easy set-up and modification
☑ When a node fails, the others can work smoothly

◉ Cons
☑ High cost
☑ Expensive to maintain
☑ When switch/hub fails, whole network stops
☑ Switch/hub capacity controls the performance

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Mesh Topology

◉ This type is a point-to-point connection with other

devices. The traffic is carried between two devices
which it is connected.
◉ There are two types: (1) partial mesh topology where
some of the systems are connected in the same fashion
as mesh topology but some devices are connected to
two or three devices; and (2) full mesh topology where
each and every device is connected to each other.
◉ This type features a full, robust connection. However, it
is not flexible.
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Mesh Topology

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Mesh Topology

◉ Pros
☑ Each connection can carry own data load
☑ Robust
☑ Easy troubleshooting
☑ Secure and private

◉ Cons
☑ Difficult to install and configure
☑ Expensive cabling cost
☑ Bulk wiring

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Tree Topology

◉ This type has a root device and other devices are

connected to form a hierarchy. Also known as
hierarchical topology. It should have at least three levels
in the hierarchy.
◉ This is ideal if workstations are located in groups. It is
used in WANs.

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Tree Topology

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Tree Topology

◉ Pros
☑ Can be extensions of bus and star topologies
☑ Easily expanded
☑ Easily managed and maintained
☑ Errors are easily detected

◉ Cons
☑ Heavily cabled
☑ Expensive
☑ The more devices, the harder the maintenance
☑ If central switch/hub fails, network fails

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Hybrid Topology

◉ This type is a mixture of two or more topologies. You

may have a department in the office using ring topology
while the other uses a star topology. This is called a
Hybrid Topology.
◉ It can combine even more than two topologies. Both the
advantages and disadvantages are included when you
create a hybrid, thus, ideal for a non-conventional set-
up.

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Hybrid Topology

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Tree Topology

◉ Pros
☑ Reliable
☑ Easy troubleshooting
☑ Errors are easily detected
☑ Easily scalable
☑ Flexible

◉ Cons
☑ Complex
☑ Expensive

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Thanks!
Any questions ?
You can find me at
◉ web.facebook.com/daisyjean.castillo
◉ [email protected]

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