TOPIC 1

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Understanding Network Devices

Learning Outcomes
This lesson's goal is to simply familiarize ourselves with the different network
devices which we'll get to connect

Introduction
Network devices, or networking hardware, are physical devices that are
required for communication and interaction between hardware on a computer
network.

We aim to understand how computers are connected to each other that is why
it is essential that we should be familiar with the different devices found in the
workplace to perform network connectivity.

It is important to understand that each workplace has a unique plan/map of

how the organization distributes information and who has access.

Router
A device that forwards data packets along networks. A router is connected to at
least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISP's
network. Routers are located at gateways, the places where two or more
networks connect.

Switch
A device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches
operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer (layer
3) of the OSI Reference Model and therefore support any packet protocol. LANs
that use switches to join segments are called switched LANs or, in the case of
Ethernet networks, switched Ethernet LANs.

Hub
A common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used
to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet
arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the
LAN can see all packets.

Hubs and switches serve as a central connection for all of your network
equipment and handles a data type known as frames. Frames carry your data.
When a frame is received, it is amplified and then transmitted on to the port of
the destination PC.

Repeater
A network device used to regenerate or replicate a signal. Repeaters are used in
transmission systems to regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by
transmission loss. Analog repeaters frequently can only amplify the signal
while digital repeaters can reconstruct a signal to near its original quality

Bridge
A device that connects two local-area networks (LANs), or two segments of the
same LAN that use the same protocol, such as Ethernet or Token-Ring.
Local Area Network

Basically, a local area network, called as LAN, is a group of computers and

connected devices that share a common communication line (or may be
wireless) to a server.

A LAN is where computers and mobile devices may share resources like
printers, scanners, storage, etc.

To make sure that your LAN works properly, make sure that the following
items are installed and enabled in the Local Area Connection Properties:

Clients for Microsoft Networks

Allow your computer to share files and printers in Microsoft Network

Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)

The protocol that enables the computer to communicate with other computers
in the network. This can be set automatically or manually specified along with
other network information to work properly. Make sure however that each
device has a unique IP.

LAN Settings
These are specific IP settings for the LAN interface.
The default IP Address is 192.168.0.1.
The default Subnet Mask is 255.255.255.0.

DHCP Server
Stands for Dynamic Host Control Protocol. This gives the IP Addresses when a
device starts and requests an IP address from the network. It can be set to
obtain IP address automatically.

Different Network Location Types

Home Network

This type is ideal for home networks where you trust all the people and the
devices using the network. By default, network discovery is turned on, allowing
you to see other computers and devices, and others can see you as well.

Work Network

This type is used in small office or other workplace networks. By default,

network discovery is enabled allowing other computers on a network. However,
you cannot join or create a homegroup

Public Network

This type is the safest. This is designed to keep your computer from being
visible to others and helps protect your computer from malicious software from
the Internet. However, network discovery is turned off and homegroup is not
available on this network.

Domain Network
This is used for domains and at enterprise networks. This is controlled by the
network administrator.
Also known as WAN. This is a collection of computers and networks connected
via a network just like the LAN. However, in WAN, it is connected over a large
geographic area.

The following are the WAN settings used to connect to the Internet Service
Provider (ISP):

Dynamic IP Address
This is to obtain an IP address automatically from the ISP.

Host Name
This is optional. Usually, this is the model number of the device.

MAC Address
This is optional. MAC stands for Media Access Control. The MAC Address is set
by default to the MAC Address of the WAN interface in the device.

Primary DNS Address/ Secondary DNS Address

This is optional. A Domain Name Server (DNS) is entered. If left blank, the ISP
provides the DNS address.

Auto-Reconnect
This feature allows the router to reconnect to the ISP automatically if
connections is disconnected

Static IP Address
This is to set a specific IP Address that is still provided by the ISP. However,
this is avoided because this requires a lot of work and manual entry of network
information.

PPPoE
Stands for Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. Only used if the ISP uses this
protocol. The ISP provides the username and password.

Wide Area Network

IP Addressing

IP Address, or the Internet Protocol Address, is a numerical label assigned to a

device within a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol. It has two
functions: (1) network hosting ; and (2) location addressing.

The IPv4 is still in use today. It is a 32-bit number system.

On the other hand, a new version of Internet Protocol called the IPv6 makes
use of 128 bits for its address. (e.g. 2001:db8:0:1234:0:567:8:1)

Topic #1
Understanding Network Devices
Activity Sheet # 1

Name : ___________________________ Section:______________

Instructor:__________________ Date:_______________

I. Identify the following devices found in the workplace to perform

network connectivity.

_____________________

______________________

______________________

_____________________
 _____________________

II. Read the statement carefully. Write the answer on the space provided

___________1. By default, network discovery is enabled allowing other

computers on a network. However, you cannot join or create a home group

___________2. This is controlled by the network administrator.

___________3. is a group of devices – such as computers, game systems,

printers, and mobile devices – that connect to the Internet and each other.

___________4. This is to obtain an IP address automatically from the ISP.

___________5. This feature allows the router to reconnect to the ISP

automatically if connections is disconnected

___________6. This is to set a specific IP Address that is still provided by the ISP

___________7. device that connects multiple computers but regenerates signal

out all ports

___________8. device that connects wireless computers

___________9 This type is used in small office or other workplace networks.

___________10. The protocol that enables the computer to communicate with

other computers in the network.

___________11. device that connects LANs

___________12. device that connects a computer with the network medium

___________13. device that only regenerates incoming signals

___________14. communication in which a device can send and receive signals

but not at the same time

___________15. how devices connected to a switch use network bandwidth