Basic Networking & Hardware

Vineeth Kumar.M,
M.S.,MCSA, CCNA, CSPFA, C H

Agenda

Basic LAN Definition Network Hardware Network Media Sample LAN Implementation

!ANs
Definition

LAN

"Local Area Network" Is a group of computers and associated devices t at s are a common communications line or wireless link and t!picall! s are t e resources of a single processor or server wit in a small geograp ic area "for e#ample$ wit in an office %uilding&' (suall!$ t e server as applications and data storage t at are s ared in common %! multiple computer users' A Local Area Network ma! serve as few as two or t ree users "for e#ample$ in a ome network& or man! as t ousands of users'

!ANs
Definition

)ireless LAN

A Local Area Network t at transmits over t e air t!picall! in an unlicensed fre*uenc! suc as t e +',-H. %and' A wireless LAN does not re*uire lining up devices for line of sig t transmission' )ireless Access /oints "Base Stations& are connected to an 0t ernet u% or server and transmit a radio fre*uenc! over an area of several undred to a t ousand feet w ic can penetrate walls and ot er non1metal %arriers' 2oaming users can %e anded off from one access point to anot er like a cellular p one s!stem' Laptops use wireless network cards t at plug into an e#isting /3M3IA slot or t at are self contained on /3 cards$ w ile stand1 alone desktops and servers use plug1in cards "ISA$ /3I$ etc'&'

!ANs
3

aracteristics LAN
4opolog!
4 e geometric arrangement of devices on t e network or t e s ape of a local1area network "LAN& or ot er communications s!stem'
4 e rules and encoding specifications for sending data' 4 e protocol defines t e format and meaning of t e data t at is e#c anged' 4 e protocols also determine w et er t e network uses a peer1to1peer or client5server arc itecture' Devices can %e connected %! twisted1pair wire$ coa#ial ca%les$ or fi%er optic ca%les' Some networks do wit out connecting media altoget er$ communicating instead via radio waves'

/rotocols

Media

!ANs

4opolog! t!pes

Bus 4opolog!6 All devices are connected to a central ca%le$ called t e %us or %ack%one' Bus networks are relativel! ine#pensive and eas! to install for small networks' 0t ernet s!stems use a %us topolog!' Star 4opolog!6 All devices are connected to a central u%' Star networks are relativel! eas! to install and manage$ %ut %ottlenecks can occur %ecause all data must pass t roug t e u%' 4 is is not muc of a pro%lem an!more wit t e widespread deplo!ment of switc es' 2ing 4opolog!6 All devices are connected to one anot er in t e s ape of a closed loop$ so t at eac device is connected directl! to two ot er devices$ one on eit er side of it' 2ing topologies are relativel! e#pensive and difficult to install$ %ut t e! offer ig %andwidt and can span large distances'

Network Hardware

Hu%

"S# Mode$ !a%ers 9 Application : /resentation ; Session , 4ransport < Network + Data Link 7 / !sical

An unintelligent network device t at sends one signal to all of t e stations connected to it' All computers5devices are competing for attention %ecause it takes t e data t at comes into a port and sends it out all t e ot er ports in t e u%' 4raditionall!$ u%s are used for star topolog! networks$ %ut t e! are often used wit ot er configurations to make it eas! to add and remove computers wit out %ringing down t e network' 2esides on La!er 7 of t e 8SI model

Network Hardware

Switc

"S# Mode$ !a%ers 9 Application : /resentation ; Session , 4ransport < Network + Data Link 7 / !sical

Split large networks into small segments$ decreasing t e num%er of users s aring t e same network resources and %andwidt ' (nderstands w en two devices want to talk to eac ot er$ and gives t em a switched connection Helps prevent data collisions and reduces network congestion$ increasing network performance' Most ome users get ver! little$ if an!$ advantage from switc es$ even w en s aring a %road%and connection' 2esides on La!er + of t e 8SI model'

Network Hardware

Bridge

"S# Mode$ !a%ers 9 Application : /resentation ; Session , 4ransport < Network + Data Link 7 / !sical

3onnects two LANs and forwards or filters data packets %etween t em' 3reates an e#tended network in w ic an! two workstations on t e linked LANs can s are data' 4ransparent to protocols and to ig er level devices like routers' =orward data depending on t e Hardware "MA3& address$ not t e Network address "I/&' 2esides on La!er + of t e 8SI model'

Network Hardware

2epeater

"S# Mode$ !a%ers 9 Application : /resentation ; Session , 4ransport < Network + Data Link 7 / !sical

(sed to %oost t e signal %etween two ca%le segments or wireless access points' 3an not connect different network arc itecture' Does not simpl! amplif! t e signal$ it regenerates t e packets and retimes t em' 2esides on La!er 7 of t e 8SI model'

Network Hardware

2outer

"S# Mode$ !a%ers 9 Application : /resentation ; Session , 4ransport < Network + Data Link 7 / !sical

A device t at connects an! num%er of LANs' (ses standardi.ed protocols to move packets efficientl! to t eir destination' More sop isticated t an %ridges$ connecting networks of different t!pes "for e#ample$ star and token ring& =orwards data depending on t e Network address "I/&$ not t e Hardware "MA3& address' 2outers are t e onl! one of t ese four devices t at will allow !ou to s are a single I/ address among multiple network clients' 2esides on La!er < of t e 8SI model'

Network Hardware

Additional Network Hardware Devices

Network Interface 3ards "NI3s&

/uts t e data into packets and transmits packet onto t e network' Ma! %e wired or wireless' 3onnects networks wit networks' different protocols like 43/5I/ network and I/>5S/>

-atewa!

2outers and -atewa!s often refer to t e same device' Isolates internal network computers from t e internet' 4 e user first access t e pro#! server and t e pro#! server accesses t e internet and retrieves t e re*uested we% page or document' 4 e user t en gets a cop! of t at page from t e pro#! server'

/ro#! server

Common Network Media

?4wisted pair
?=our pairs of wires twisted to certain specifications' ?Availa%le in s ielded and uns ielded versions'

?=i%er1optic 1

A ca%le$ consisting of a center glass core surrounded %! la!ers of plastic$ t at transmits data using lig t rat er t an electricit!'

?Atmosp ere5)ireless

(ses 0lectromagnetic waves' w ose fre*uenc! range is a%ove t at of microwaves$ %ut %elow t at of t e visi%le spectrum'

?3 oose Media %ased on 6

Co&&er ' (wisted Pair

)ia$u& o*er te$e&hone $ine.

)S! +)igita$ Su,scri,er !ine

Hig 1speed "+;: @%ps ;; M%ps&$ =ull1duple#' As!mmetric Digital Su%scri%er Line "ADSL& and Hig 1%it1rate Digital Su%scri%er Line "HDSL&

CA(.

0t ernet ca%le standard defined %! t e 0lectronic Industries Association and 4elecommunications Industr! Association "0IA54IA&' Speeds up to 7AA M%ps'

3onnector

2B1,; 1 Standard connectors used for uns ielded twisted1pair ca%le'

thernet S&eci/ications

01Base(

0t ernet specification for uns ielded twisted pair ca%le "categor! <$ ,$ or ;&$ transmits signals at 7A M%ps "mega%its per second& wit a distance limit of 7AA meters per segment'

01BaseF

0t ernet specification for fi%er optic ca%le$ transmits signals at 7A M%ps "mega%its per second& wit a distance limit of +AAA meters per segment'

011Base(

0t ernet specification for uns ielded twisted pair ca%ling t at is used to transmit data at 7AA M%ps "mega%its per second& wit a distance limit of 7AA meters per segment'

0111Base(2

0t ernet specification for uns ielded twisted pair ca%ling t at is used to transmit data at 7 -%ps "giga%its per second& wit a distance limitation of ++A meters per segment'

8ptical =i%er
? Infrared lig t is transmitted t roug fi%er and confined due to total internal reflection' ? =i%ers can %e made out of eit er plastic or glass' ? (sed for ig speed %ack%ones and pipes over long distances' ?3omparativel! e#pensive'

3ire$ess Media
?)ireless LAN or )LAN
? )ireless local area network t at uses radio waves as its carrier

?)i1=i "")ireless =idelit!C&

?)i1Ma#
? 0merging tec nolog! t at can cover ranges up to 7A miles or more

?Satellite5Microwave
? Hig speed media used for longer distances and remote locations

Sam&$e !AN #m&$ementation

Sam&$e !AN #m&$ementation

Sam&$e !AN #m&$ementation

Euestion F Answers

C 4(#F#CA(#"N !"5"S

CCNA

MCP

MCSA

MCS