UNIT 1 NW Fundamentals
UNIT 1 NW Fundamentals
UNIT 1 NW Fundamentals
Data Sharing
Hardware Sharing
Entertainment
The Disadvantages of Networking
125 chars/sec
1,250 chars/sec
12,500 chars/sec
3 Types of Transmission Modes
Simplex
One direction
e.g. Television
Half duplex
Either direction, but
only one way at a time
e.g. police radio
Full duplex
Both directions at the
same time
e.g. telephone
Communication Types
Unicasting (one-to-one)
Multicasting (one-to-many)
Broadcasting (one-to-all)
Network Classification
3 Types
By
1. Size
2. Structure
3. Topology
Network Classification
1. By Size / Scale
1. LAN
2. WAN
3. MAN
4. CAN
5. PAN
The Local Network - [ LAN ]
Client Client
Client Client
Client Client
Wide Area Network – [ WAN ]
Metropolitan Area Network - [ MAN ]
Campus Area Networks [ CAN ]
2. Client / Server
Peer-to peer network
1. BUS
2. STAR
3. RING
4. MESH
5. TREE
BUS
Also called linear bus
Advantages
Easy to setup
Small amount
of wire
Disadvantages
Slow
Easy to crash
STAR
All nodes connect to a hub
Packets sent to hub
Hub sends packet to destination
Advantages
Easy to setup
One cable can not crash network
Disadvantages
-One hub crashing downs entire network
Uses lots of cable
Advantages
Time to send data is known
No data collisions
Disadvantages
Slow
Lots of cable
MESH
Advantage
Data will always be delivered
Disadvantages
Lots of cable
Hard to setup
TREE
Hierarchal Model
Advantages
Scaleable
Easy Implementation
Easy Troubleshooting
Intranet vs. Internet
Intranet
A private network that is contained within an enterprise
Could be LANs and WANs
Internet
A public network of networks
Both are using TCP/IP
Devices Needed for Making N/W
Like bridges, they can segment large networks and can filter
out noise.
However, they are slower than bridges because they are more
intelligent devices; as such, they analyze every packet, causing
packet-forwarding delays. Because of this intelligence, they are
also more expensive.
D e v ic
Types of N/W Cables
* Coaxial
* Twisted pair
* Fiber optic
• Serial Cable
• Console Cable
Immune to interference
Very secure
Speeds up to
100 Gbps
STRAIGHT TIP (ST) CONNECTOR
Twisted-pair cabling
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The King of Protocols – TCP/IP
A family of protocols that makes the Internet works
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TCP/IP – invented in 1973 by Vint Cerf
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Protocols of - TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Routing Protocols
1. MM:MM:MM:SS:SS:SS 2. MM-MM-MM-SS-SS-SS
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Subnetting
140 15 0 0 140 15 2 0
Subnet 2
140 15 3 0
140 15 1 0
Application Layer
Application Layer
Presentation Layer TELNET, FTP, SMTP, POP3, SNMP,
NNTP, DNS,NIS, NFS, HTTP, ...
Session Layer
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SUMMARY
Network
Bandwidth
Transmission Modes[ Simplex , HalfDuplex ,
fullDuplex]
Communication Types[ unicost ,multi , broad ]
3 – Types of Network Classification
[1. Size 2. Structure 3.Topology ]
Intranet vs. Internet
Devices Needed for Making N/W
Protocols
Three Kinds of Identifiers
Sub Netting
Network [ Reference ] Models