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Functions: Honeylou F. Farinas

1. This document defines and provides examples of different types of functions, including: - Polynomial functions like constant, linear, and quadratic functions - Rational functions - Functions involving radicals or rational exponents - Piecewise-defined functions - Absolute value functions - Greatest integer functions 2. It discusses using functions as mathematical models and provides an example of expressing the area of a rectangular field as a function of its width.

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40 views

Functions: Honeylou F. Farinas

1. This document defines and provides examples of different types of functions, including: - Polynomial functions like constant, linear, and quadratic functions - Rational functions - Functions involving radicals or rational exponents - Piecewise-defined functions - Absolute value functions - Greatest integer functions 2. It discusses using functions as mathematical models and provides an example of expressing the area of a rectangular field as a function of its width.

Uploaded by

Ruthy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Functions

Functions

Honeylou F. Farinas

Department of Mathematics
Mariano Marcos State University

September 11, 2020

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Functions

Definition
Let A and B be non empty sets. A function from A to B is a
rule that assigns to each element of A a unique element of B.

Notations:
We usually denote a function by a small letter, such as f .
We write f : A → B to mean that f is a function from A
to B.
We write b = f (a) if b is related to a by f.

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Definition
Let A and B be non empty sets. A function from A to B is a
rule that assigns to each element of A a unique element of B.

We usually consider functions for which the sets A and B are


elements of the set of real numbers (R).
The set A is called the domain of the function f ,
denoted by dom f .
The set of all elements of B that are assigned to some
element of A is the range of f , denoted by ran f .

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Basic types of functions

Polynomial Functions - functions of the form

an x n + an−1 x n−1 + ... + a1 x + a0

where n is an element of the set of integers, an , an−1 , ..., a0 are


real numbers, with an 6= 0.
leading coefficient: an
degree of the polynomial: n
domain: the set of real numbers

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Examples of polynomial functions

Constant functions - functions of the form f (x) = c where c


is a real number.
Consider the constant function f (x) = 5.Its graph is the
horizontal line y = 5 with dom f = R and ran f = 5.

In general, a constant function has the ff properties:


dom f = R and ran f = c,
graph: the horizontal line intersecting the y-axis at y = c

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Examples of polynomial functions


Linear functions - functions of the form f (x) = mx + b with
m 6= 0.
Consider f (x) = y = 2x + 4. with the ff graph:

Its slope is m = 2, with y −intercept b = 4 and dom f = R =


ran f .
In general, a linear function has the ff properties:
graph: a line with slope m and y −intercept b
dom f = R; ran f = R.
Honeylou F. Farinas Functions
Functions

Examples of polynomial functions

Quadratic functions - functions of the form


f (x) = ax 2 + bx + c where a 6= 0.
Consider f (x) = x 2 − 5. Its graph is a parabola opening
upward with vertex at (0, −5). The dom f = R and ran
f = [−5, ∞).

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Basic Types of Functions

p(x)
Rational Functions - functions of the form f (x) =
q(x)
where p(x), q(x) are polynomial functions and q(x) 6= 0.
dom f = {x ∈ R | q(x) 6= 0}
Graph: will be discussed in the succeeding topics

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Basic Types of Functions

Functions involving rational exponents or radicals -


functions of the form
√ 1
f (x) = n x = x n

n is odd: dom f = R
n is even: dom f = [0, ∞)

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Functions involving radicals


Example
√
Square root function: f (x) = x

√
y= x ⇒ y 2 = x, y ≥ 0

√
The graph of f (x) = x is the upper branch of the parabola
x = y 2 . Its dom f = [0, ∞) and ran f = [0, ∞).
Honeylou F. Farinas Functions
Functions

Functions involving radicals


Example
Sketch the graph√and find the domain and range of the
function f (x) = 4 − x 2 .

√
y= 4 − x2 ⇒ y2 = 4 − x2 ⇒ x2 + y2 = 4
The graph is the upper half of the graph of x 2 + y 2 = 4 with
dom f = [−2, 2] and ran f = [0, 2].

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Piece-wise Defined Function

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Piece-wise Defined Function

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Absolute Value Function

Graph: f (x) = |x|, dom f = R, ran f = [0, ∞).

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

The Greatest Integer Function

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

The Greatest Integer Function

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Functions as a mathematical model

A function can be represented in different ways: by a formula


(or an equation), in a table, by graph or in words. In this
course, we will usually associate a function with a formula (or
an equation) or as a mathematical model
The area of a circle depends on the radius of the circle. The
rule that connects r and A is given by the equation

A = πr 2 .

With each positive number r there is associated one value of


A, and we say that A is a function of r and in symbol we write

A = f (r ).

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions


Functions

Functions as a mathematical model


Example
A rectangular field has a perimeter of 240 meters. Express the
area of the field as a function of its width.
Let x be the width and y be the length of the field.
The area A of the field:
A = xy
Since the perimeter of the field is 240 meters,
2x + 2y = 240
y = 120 − x
The area of the field expressed as a function of x:
A(x) = x(120 − x) = −x 2 + 120x
Honeylou F. Farinas Functions
Functions

ASSIGNMENT

1 Find the domain of the following functions:


a. x 2 − 5
2
b. 5x+6
√
c. x 2 + 3x + 10
2 Sketch the graph of
(
|x + 2| for x < 0
f (x) =
4x − x 2 for x > 0
3 A rectangular plot requires 2000ft. to enclose it.If one of
its dimension is x (in feet), express its area y (in square
feet) as a function of x.

Honeylou F. Farinas Functions

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