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Control Structures: Muhammad Niswar

This document discusses different types of control structures in programming including decision structures like IF-ELSE statements and switch statements, as well as repetition structures like while, do-while, and for loops. IF-ELSE statements and switch statements allow executing different blocks of code based on conditions. Loops like while, do-while, and for loops repeat a block of code a specified number of times or until a condition is met. Examples are provided to illustrate how to use these control structures to control program flow based on conditions or repetition needs.

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Electro18 GT
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28 views

Control Structures: Muhammad Niswar

This document discusses different types of control structures in programming including decision structures like IF-ELSE statements and switch statements, as well as repetition structures like while, do-while, and for loops. IF-ELSE statements and switch statements allow executing different blocks of code based on conditions. Loops like while, do-while, and for loops repeat a block of code a specified number of times or until a condition is met. Examples are provided to illustrate how to use these control structures to control program flow based on conditions or repetition needs.

Uploaded by

Electro18 GT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Control Structures

Muhammad Niswar
Outline
— Decision:
— IF-ELSE
— Switch Statement
— Repetition (loop):
— while
— do-while
— for
Decision
— Execute different sections of code according to
certain conditions
IF Statement
— Perform action when condition is TRUE
— Single input and output control structure
IF Statement
— if ( boolean_expression)
statement;

true false
— if ( boolean_expression) { boolean_expr

statement1;
statement2;
statement3; statement
……………
}
IF-ELSE Statement
— Perform action when condition is TRUE
— Perform different action when condition is FALSE
IF-ELSE Statement
— if ( boolean_expression)
statement;
else
statement;
true false
boolean_expr
— if ( boolean_expression) {
statement1;
statement2;
……………
} statement statement
else {
statement1;
statement2;
……………..
}
Nested IF-ELSE Statement

true false
boolean_expr

true false
statement1 boolean_expr

statement2 statement3
Switch Statement
switch(switch_expr) {
case case_selector1:
statement1;
statement2; Case_selector1 Block 1 statements Break;

……….
break;
case case_selector2:
Case_selector2 Block 2 statements Break;
statement1;
statement2;
……….
break;
Case_selector3 Block 3 statements Break;
default:
statement1;
statement2; default block
statements
……….
break;
}
Example: Decision
(Conditional Statements)
— Given a score number, write a program that outputs the
grading system. If student has a score above 85, the program
outputs “A “. If the score is between 70 and 84 the program
outputs “B”. If the score is between 55 and 69 the program
outputs “C”. If the score is between 40 and 54 the program
outputs “D”. Otherwise, the program outputs “E”.
— You need to use Conditional Statement
Repetition (Loop)
— Repeat sections of code
— Have terminating conditions
While loop
• Code will be executed while condition is TRUE
While(boolean_expr){ •The conditional is checked before loop execution
statement1; •Pre-checked Loop
statement2;
………. int i = 0;
} while (i <= 5){
System.out.print(i);
i++;

}
do-while loop
do{ Post-Checked Loop:
The body will always be executed at least once
statement1;
statement2;
………… int x = 0;
} while(boolean_expr); do
{
System.out.print(x);
x++;
} while(x<10);
For loop
• Code will be executed while condition is TRUE
•The conditional is checked before loop execution
for(InitializationExpression; LoopCondition; •Pre-checked Loop
StepExpression){ •Code in the loop is executed according to
the initializer, conditional & updater
statement1;
statement2;
int i;
…………. for( i = 0; i < 10; i++){
} System.out.print(i);
}

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