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Conditional Statements

The document provides an overview of conditional statements and loops in C++. It explains various types of conditional statements such as if, if-else, nested if-else, else if ladder, and switch statements, along with their syntax and examples. It also covers loop structures including for, while, and do-while loops, as well as jump statements like break and continue.

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Ayush Mishra
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15 views7 pages

Conditional Statements

The document provides an overview of conditional statements and loops in C++. It explains various types of conditional statements such as if, if-else, nested if-else, else if ladder, and switch statements, along with their syntax and examples. It also covers loop structures including for, while, and do-while loops, as well as jump statements like break and continue.

Uploaded by

Ayush Mishra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS

Conditional Statements:

C++ conditional statements allow you to make a decision, based upon the
resultof a condition. These statements are called Decision Making Statements
or Conditional Statements.

1. If statement:
This is the most simple form of decision control statement. In
this form, a set of statements are executed only if the condition
given with if evaluates to true. Its general syntax and flow chart
is as under: -
if(condition)
{
Statements;
}

2. If else:

Use the if statement to specify a block


of C++ code to be executed if a
condition is true.Use the else if
statement to specify a new condition if
the first condition is false. Use the else
statement to specify a block of code to
be executed if the condition is false.
Syntax

if (condition1) {

// block of code to be executed if condition1 is true

} else if (condition2) {

// block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2


is true

} else {

// block of code to be executed if the condition1 is false and condition2


is false

Example:-

int time = 20;

if (time < 18) {

cout<<”Good Morning”<<endl;

else {

cout<<”Good Evening”<<endl;

3. Nested if-else:-
If we have if-else statement within either the body of an if statement or the body
of else statement or in the body of both if and else, then this is known as nesting
of if else statement. The general form of nested if-else statement is as follows:-
if(condition1)
{
if(condition2)
statements;
else
statements;
}
else
{
if(condition3)
Statements;
else
statements;
}
4. Else if ladder:-

This is a type of nesting in which there is an if-


else statement in every else part except the last
else part. This type of nesting is called else if
ladder.
The general syntax and flow chart of else if ladder
is as follows:-
If(condition1)
statement A;
else if(condition2)
statement B;
else if(condition3)
statement C;
else
statement D;

5. Switch:
Use the switch statement to select one of many code blocks to be executed.
The break Keyword:
● When C++ reaches a break keyword, it breaks out of the switch block.
● This will stop the execution of more code and case testing inside the
block.
● When a match is found, and the job is done, it's time for a break.
The default Keyword:
The default keyword specifies some code to run if there is no case match:
Example:-

Int day = 4;
switch(day){
case 6:
cout<<”Today is Saturday”<<endl;
break;

case 7:
cout<<”Today is Sunday”<<endl;
break;

default:
cout<<”Looking forward to the Weekend”<<endl;
}
Ternary Operator / Conditional Operator

The conditional operator takes less space and helps to write the if-else
statements in the shortest way possible.

Syntax:

( Condition ) ? Statement 1 : Statement 2 ;

Example:

Loops

In any programming language including C++, loops


are used to execute a set of statements repeatedly
until aparticular condition is satisfied.

The diagram depicts a loop execution.


There are three types of loops in C++:

1. For loop
Syntax:
for(initialization; condition;
increment/decrement)
{
statement-block;
}
In for loop we have exactly two semicolons, one after initialization and second
after the condition. In this loop we can have more than one initialization or
increment/decrement, separated using comma operator. But it can have only one
condition.

The For loop is executed as follows:

It first evaluates the initialization code.


1.
Then it checks the condition expression.
2.
If it is true, it executes the for-loop body.
3.
Then it evaluates the increment/decrement condition and again follows
4.
from step 2.
When the condition expression becomes false, it exits the loop.

2. While loop:
while loop can be addressed as an entry
control loop. It is completed in 3 steps.
 Variable initialization.(e.g int x = 0;)
 condition(e.g while(x <= 10))
 Variable increment or decrement (
x++ or x-- or x = x + 2 )
Syntax :
variable initialization;
while(condition)
{
statements;
variable increment or decrement;
}
Example:

void main( )
{
int x;
x = 1;
while(x<=10)
{
cout<<x<<” “;
// below statement means, do x = x+1, increment x by 1 //
x++;
}
}

Output:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3. do while loop
In some situations it is necessary to execute the body of the loop before
testing the condition. Such situations can be handled with the help of a do-
while loop. do statement evaluates the body of the loop first and at the end,
the condition is checked using while statement. It means that the body of the
loop will be executed at least once, even though the starting condition inside
while is initialized to be false.

Syntax:

do
{
Statements;
.....
}

while(condition);

Example:

#include<iostream>
void main()
{

int a, i;
a = 5;

i = 1;
do

{
cout<<a*i<<” “;
i++;

}
while(i <= 10);

OutPut:
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Jump statements
Jump statements are used to transfer the control from one part of the program to
another part.
The various jump statements in C++ are as under:-
1. break statement
2. continue statement

break statement :-
break statement is used inside the loops or
switch statement. This statement causes an
immediate exit from the loop or the switch case
block in which it appears.
It can be written as
break;

continue statement:- The continue statement


is used inside the body of the loop statement. It
is used when we want to go to the next iteration
of the loop after skipping some of the
statements of the loop

The continue statement is written as under :-


Continue;

The difference between break and continue is that when a break statement is
encountered the loop terminates and the control is transferred to the next
statement following the loop, but when a continue statement is encountered the
loop is not terminated and the control is transferred to the beginning of the loop.

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