Scribd
Upload
6 views12 pages

CH 6 Part 2

The document discusses different types of conditional statements in C++ including if, if-else, if-else-if, and switch statements. It provides examples of using logical data types and boolean variables in conditions. It also discusses potential pitfalls when using conditional expressions.

Uploaded by

Random Swag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views12 pages

CH 6 Part 2

The document discusses different types of conditional statements in C++ including if, if-else, if-else-if, and switch statements. It provides examples of using logical data types and boolean variables in conditions. It also discusses potential pitfalls when using conditional expressions.

Uploaded by

Random Swag
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

An Introduction to

Programming though C++


Krishna. S
Ch. 6: Conditional Execution
So far
Seen 3 forms of if

• simple if

• if-else

• if-else-if

• Compound and simple conditions


The switch statement
• Sometimes, different groups of statements must be executed, depending
upon the value of a certain expression. The switch statements is useful
in such contexts.
• General form:
switch (expression){
case constant_1:
group(1) of statements usually ending with
``break;''
case constant_2:
group(2) of statements usually ending with
``break;''
...
default:
default-group of statements
}
• The expression is evaluated. The resulting value is compared with
constant_1, constant_2,…. If some constant_i is found equal,
then all statements starting with group(i) statements are executed till
the end of the switch statement. If a break statement is found, then
execution stops. If no constant_i is found equal to expression,
then the default-group of statements is executed.
• The expression and constants must be integers.
Turtle controller using switch
main_program{
char command;
turtleSim();

repeat(100){
cin >> command;
switch(command){
case 'f': forward(100);
break;
case 'r': right(90);
break;
case 'l': left(90);
break;
default: cout << "Not a proper command, " << command
<< endl;
}
}
}
Remarks
• Statement is error-prone, because you
may forget to write break.
• Falls-through in the absence of break.
repeat(100){
cin >> command;
switch(command){
case 'f': forward(100);
case 'r': right(90);
break;
case 'l': left(90);
default: cout << "Not a proper command, " <<
command << endl;
Logical Data
• We have seen that we can “evaluate” conditions,
combine conditions.
• Why not allow storing the results (true or false) of
such computations?
• Indeed, C++ has data type bool into which values
of conditions can be stored.
• bool is named after George Boole, who formalized
the manipulation of conditions/logical data.
• An int variable can have 2^32 values, a bool
variable can have only two values (true/false)
The data type bool
bool highincome, lowincome;
• Defines variables highincome and lowincome
of type bool.
highincome = (income > 800000);
bool fun = true;
• Will set highincome to true if the variable income
contains value larger than 800000.
• true and false : boolean constants.
• boolean variables which have a value can be used
wherever “conditions” are expected, e.g.
if(highincome) tax = …
An Example
main_program {
int x; cin >> x; // read x 4534534536
int i = 2; //first factor to check;
bool factorFound = false; // no factor found yet;
repeat (x-2) {
factorFound = factorFound || ((x % i) == 0 );
// Remainder is 0 when x is divisible by i
i++;
}
if (factorFound) cout << x << " is not prime"
<< endl;
}
Conditional Expressions, Pitfalls
• condition?consequent : alternate
• int a; a=(b>10)?[(c=7)?2:3]:5
• if(d=5) versus if (d==5)
• If (0<b<2.5) versus If (0<b && b< 2.5)
Try these
• What is printed by this code snippet:
int x=3,y=1;
{
int x=4;
{
x = x+2;
}
y=x;
}
cout << (x+y);
}
Try these
• What does this code print?
int i=0,s=0;
repeat(3)
{
if (i%2==0)
s += i;
else s += 2*i;
i++;
}
cout << s;
Try these
What does this program print?
unsigned int x,c=0;
cin>>x;
repeat (32)
{
if (x%2==1)
c++;
x = x/2;
}
cout << c;

You might also like