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Built in Function

The document summarizes 8 built-in functions of "stdio.h" and "string.h" headers in C++. It explains the functions putchar(), gets(), puts() for character input/output. It also explains string functions like strlen() to get string length, strcmp() to compare strings, strcpy() to copy strings, and strncpy() to copy a specified number of characters. Examples are provided for each function.

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ShAmì Náwàȝ
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88 views

Built in Function

The document summarizes 8 built-in functions of "stdio.h" and "string.h" headers in C++. It explains the functions putchar(), gets(), puts() for character input/output. It also explains string functions like strlen() to get string length, strcmp() to compare strings, strcpy() to copy strings, and strncpy() to copy a specified number of characters. Examples are provided for each function.

Uploaded by

ShAmì Náwàȝ
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Built in function of "stdio.h":1)The "putchar" Function:It is stand for Put character.

It is used to put or print a single character on the standard output device i.e
computer screen.

Example:#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "stdio.h"
main()
{ char a;
cout<<"enter any char"<<endl;
cin>>a;
putchar(a);
}

2) The "gets" function:The function is used to get data into a string variable from the keyboard. Any type of
characters, including spaces and special character can be entered using this function.enter key is
pressed after entering the string.when a enter key is pressed a null character is appended at the
end of the string.

Its Syntax Is:


gets(strvar);
Where

Strvar represents the string type varaible into which data is to be entered.
Example:#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "stdio.h"
main()
{ char a[5];
cout<<"enter any name"<<endl;
gets(a);
cout<<a;
}

3) The "puts" function:it is used to print a string on the screen. the new line is inserted after printing the
string.
Its Syntax is:

puts(string);
The string may be string variable or string type varaiable.
in case of string constant it is written in double quotes. Otherwise it is written without using
quotes.

Example:#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "stdio.h"
main()
{ char a[5];

cout<<"enter any name"<<endl;


gets(a);
puts(a);
}

Built in Function of "string.h"


4) The "strlen" Function:The strlen stands for string length.
This function is used to find the length of a string. it counts the totalnumber of character
including spaces . Null character is excluded.

it syntax is :
int strlen (a);
a represents the string whose number of character are to be counted. it will return integer
type value.

Example:#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "string.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
main()
{
char s[256];
cout<<"Enter a sentence: ";

gets (s);
printf ("The sentence entered is %u characters long.\n",(unsigned)strlen(s));
return 0;
}

5) the "strcmp" function:The strcmp function is used to compare two string.it compare first string to second string
character by character.

It syntax Is:
Int strcmp (string1,string2);
It will return integer type value.

Example:#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include "string.h"
#include <stdio.h>
main ()
{
char key[] = "apple";
char buffer[80];
do
{
cout<<"Guess my favorite fruit? ";
fflush (stdout);
scanf ("%79s",buffer);
}
while (strcmp (key,buffer) != 0);
cout<<"Correct answer!";
return 0;
}

6) The "strncmp" function:this function will compare only specified number of characters of the two strings.

it syntax is:
int strncmp (string1,string2,n)
Example:#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
main ()
{
char str[][5] = { "R2D2" , "C3PO" , "R2A6" };
int n;
cout<<"Looking for R2 astromech droids...";
for (n=0 ; n<3 ; n++)
if (strncmp (str[n],"R2xx",2) == 0)
{
printf ("found %s\n",str[n]);
}
}

7) The "strcpy" function:it is used to copy the contents of one string to another string including null character.

its syntax is:


strcpy (string1,string2);

Example:#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <stdio.h>

#include <string.h>
main ()
{
char str1[]="Sample string";
char str2[40];
char str3[40];
strcpy (str2,str1);
strcpy (str3,"copy successful");
cout<<str1<<endl;
cout<<str2<<endl;
cout<<str3<<endl;
return 0;
}

8) The "strncpy" function:it is used to copy special contents of one string to another.
its syntax is :
strncpy(string1,string2,n);

Example:#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
main ()
{
char str1[]= "To be or not to be";
char str2[40];
char str3[40];
strncpy ( str2, str1,8 );
strncpy ( str3, str2, 5 );
str3[5] = '\0';
puts (str1);

puts (str2);
puts (str3);
}

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