Sai-Sudhir Degree & PG College

Course: B.com (App) - I Year Date: 16-04-2020

Subject: Programming with C & C++ Unit: III

TOPIC: String function

String function

 String is the collection of characters enclosed in double

quotes
 The size of the string is equal to number of characters
plus one where plus one indicates the null character („\0‟)
which indicates the end of the string.
 We have use character data type to declare the string
variable and we have to mention the size of the string
inside the square brackets.
 String is also called as array of characters.

Declare the string

Syntax:

<Data type><Variable name>[size];

Ex) char ch[8];

 Form the above syntax we should use data type as

character, variable name is user define name and size
is the no of characters in the string.

Initialization:

 Initialzation means assign the value to the string

variable.
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 The value can be given in double quotes or in the

single quotes

Example:

Char ch[15]=”morning students”;

Or

char[8]={„w‟,‟e‟,‟l‟,‟c‟,‟o‟,‟m‟,‟e‟,};

Read and write String using scanf() and printf() in C

 To read a string we can use a input function scanf() and

to printf the output we can use the output function
printf()
 Syntax:
Scanf(“format sting”, Address list of variable)
 We can use %d for interger , %f for float , %c for
character and %s for string
 Address list of variable indicates the address of the
variable which is stored in the memory,so we have to use
& along with variable name.

 Syntax:
printf(“format sting”, list of variable)
 We can use %d for interger , %f for float , %c for
character and %s for string
 List of variable indicates the variables which are to be
printed on the screen

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Note: Input function scanf() can accept the string

without blank space if recognizes the space it thinks the
string has ended

Sample program:
/* Write a program in C to read and print the string
using scanf() and printf() function */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
char str[20];
printf("Enter any sentence: ");
scanf("%s", str);
printf("\nYou have entered:\n");
printf("%s", str);
getch();
return 0;

Read and Print String using gets() and puts() in C

 To read a string we can use a input function gets() and to

print the string we have to use output function puts()
 Syntax:
Gets( variable name);

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 Char c[6];
Gets(c );
 To write a string we can use a output function puts() and
 Syntax:
puts( variable name);
 Char c[6];
puts(c );

Sample program

Write a program in C to read and print the string using

gets() and puts() function

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int main()
{
char str[100];
printf("Enter any sentence: ");
gets(str);
printf("\nYou have entered:\n");
puts(str);
getch();
return 0;

String standard functions or string built-in functions

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 All the Built-in functions are stored in the header file

#include<string.h>
 Some of the Built-in function are listed below which are
frequently used they are:

No. Function Description

1) strlen(string_name) Returns the length of string

name.

2) strcpy(destination, Copies the contents of source

source) string to destination string.

3) strcat(first_string, concats or joins first string with

second-string) second string. The result of the
string is stored in first string.

4) strcmp(first_string, Compares the first string with

second_string) second string. If both strings
are same, it returns 0.

5) strrev(string) Returns reverse string.

6) strlwr(string) Returns string characters in

lowercase.

7) strupr(string) Returns string characters in

uppercase.

1. String length:

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 The Built-in function strlen() is used to find the length

of the given string
 The Built-in function strlen() is stored in the header file
#include<string.h>

Sample program
#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char ch[20]=”Good morning students”;
printf("Length of string is: %d",strlen(ch));
return 0;
}

2. String Copy:
 The Built-in function strcpy() is used to copy the string
which is already existing
 The Built-in function strcpy()is stored in the header
file #include<string.h>
Sample program

#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{

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char ch1[20]=”Good morning students”;

char ch2[20];
strcpy(ch2,ch1);
printf("Value of second string is: %s",ch2);
return 0;
}

3. String Concatenate:
 The Built-in function strcat() is combine the two string
and displays as single string
 The Built-in function strcat()is stored in the header file
#include<string.h>

Sample program

#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char ch1[10]=Morning;
char ch2[10]=students;
strcat(ch1,ch2);
printf("Value of first string is: %s",ch1);
return 0;
}
4. String Comparison

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 The Built-in function strcmp() is used to compare two

string whether they are equal or not
 The Built-in function strcmp()is stored in the header
file #include<string.h>

Sample program:

#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str1[6]=”hello”;
char str2[6]=”help” ;

if(strcmp(str1,str2)==0)
printf("Strings are equal");
else
printf("Strings are not equal");
return 0;
}
5. String Reverse:
 The Built-in function strrev() is used to display the
given string in reverse order(Back to front)
 The Built-in function strrev()is stored in the header file
#include<string.h>

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Sample program

#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str[9] = “Welcome”;
printf("String is: %s",str);
printf("\nReverse String is: %s",strrev(str));
return 0;
}

6. String Lower case:

 The Built-in function strlwr() is used to convert the
given string into lower case
 The Built-in function strlwr()is stored in the header file
#include<string.h>

Sample program:

#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str[17]=”WELCOME STUDENTS”;
printf("String is: %s",str);

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printf("\nLower String is: %s",strlwr(str));

return 0;
}

7. String Upper case:

 The Built-in function strupr() is used to convert the
given string into upper case
 The Built-in function strupr()is stored in the header
file #include<string.h>

Sample program:

#include<stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str[17]=”welcome students”;
printf("String is: %s",str);
printf("\nUpper String is: %s",strupr(str));
return 0;
}

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