Exercises String

HIỆN THỰC (IMPLEMENTATION) CÁC HÀM SAU
1. Length of a String:
 Write a function int strlen(char *str) that returns the length of a

string, excluding the null terminator.
 Explanation: ???
2. String Copy:
 Write a function char *strcpy(char *dest, char *src) that copies the contents
of one string to another.
3. String Concatenation:
 Write a function char *strcat(char *dest, char *src) that appends one string
to the end of another.
4. String Comparison:
 Write a function int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2) that compares two
strings lexicographically and returns 0 if they are equal, a negative
value if str1 is less than str2, and a positive value if str1 is greater
than str2.
5. Reverse a String:
 Write a function void reverse(char *str) that reverses the order of

characters in a string.
6. Palindrome Check:
 Write a function int isPalindrome(char *str) that determines whether a

string is a palindrome (reads the same backward as forward).
7. Character Count:
 Write a function int countChar(char *str, char c) that counts the number of
occurrences of a specific character in a string.
8. Find a Substring:
 Write a function char *findSubstring(char *str, char *substr) that finds the
first occurrence of a substring within a string.
9. Remove a Substring:
 Write a function void removeSubstring(char *str, char *substr) that removes

all occurrences of a substring from a string.
10. String to Uppercase:
 Write a function void toUpperCase(char *str) that converts all lowercase

letters in a string to uppercase.
11. String to Lowercase:
 Write a function void toLowerCase(char *str) that converts all uppercase

letters in a string to lowercase.
12. Trim Whitespace:
 Write functions char *ltrim(char *str) and char *rtrim(char *str) that remove
leading and trailing whitespace from a string, respectively.
13. Split a String:
 Write a function char **split(char *str, char delimiter) that splits a string into
an array of strings based on a delimiter character.
Examples: C String Functions <string.h>
1. String Copy: strncpy()

This function copies a specified number of characters from one string to
another.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char source[] = "Hello, World!";
char destination[20];
strncpy(destination, source, 5);
destination[5] = '\0'; // Ensure null-termination
printf("strncpy(): %s\n", destination);
return 0;
Output:
strncpy(): Hello
2. String Concate: strncat()

This function concatenates a specified number of characters from the second
string to the first.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str1[20] = "Hello, ";
char str2[] = "World!";
strncat(str1, str2, 3);
printf("strncat(): %s\n", str1);
return 0;
Output:
strncat(): Hello, Wor
3. String Compare: strncmp()

This function compares a specified number of characters between two
strings.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char str3[] = "apple";
char str4[] = "appetizer";
int result = strncmp(str3, str4, 4);
printf("strncmp(): %d\n", result);

return 0;
Output:
strncmp(): 7
4. First Character Occurrence: strchr()

This function locates the first occurrence of a character in a string.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char sentence[] = "This is a sample sentence.";
char *ptr = strchr(sentence, 'a');
printf("strchr(): %s\n", ptr);
return 0;
Output:
strchr(): a sample sentence.
5. Last Character Occurrence: strrchr()

This function locates the last occurrence of a character in a string.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char sentence[] = "This is a sample sentence.";
char *lastPtr = strrchr(sentence, 'a');
printf("strrchr(): %s\n", lastPtr);
return 0;
Output:
strrchr(): ample sentence.
6. String Search: strstr()

This function searches for the first occurrence of a substring within a string.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char text[] = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.";
char *substr = strstr(text, "fox");
printf("strstr(): %s\n", substr);
return 0;
Output:
strstr(): fox jumps over the lazy dog.
7. String Token Break: strtok()

This function breaks a string into a series of tokens based on a delimiter.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char sentence[] = "This is a sample sentence";
char *token = strtok(sentence, " ");
while (token != NULL) {
printf("strtok(): %s\n", token);
token = strtok(NULL, " ");
return 0;
Output:
strtok(): This
strtok(): is
strtok(): a
strtok(): sample
strtok(): sentence
8. Lowercase String: strlwr()

This function converts a string to lowercase. Note, this function is not
included in the Standard Library.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
void toLowerCase(char *str) {
for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) {
str[i] = tolower((unsigned char)str[i]);
int main() {
char str5[] = "LoWeRcAsE";
toLowerCase(str5);
printf("strlwr(): %s\n", str5);
return 0;
Output:
strlwr(): lowercase
9. Uppercase String: strupr()

This function converts a string to uppercase. Note, this function is not
included in the Standard Library.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
void toUpperCase(char *str) {
for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) {

str[i] = toupper((unsigned char)str[i]);
int main() {
char str6[] = "UpperCase";
toUpperCase(str6);
printf("strupr(): %s\n", str6);
return 0;
Output:
strupr(): UPPERCASE
10. Duplicate String: strdup()

This function duplicates a string.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main() {
char original[] = "Original String";
char *duplicate = strdup(original);
printf("strdup(): %s\n", duplicate);
return 0;
}
Output:
strdup(): Original String

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HIỆN THỰC (IMPLEMENTATION) CÁC HÀM SAU

 Write a function int strlen(char *str) that returns the length of a

 Write a function void reverse(char *str) that reverses the order of

 Write a function int isPalindrome(char *str) that determines whether a

 Write a function void removeSubstring(char *str, char *substr) that removes

10. String to Uppercase:

 Write a function void toUpperCase(char *str) that converts all lowercase

11. String to Lowercase:

 Write a function void toLowerCase(char *str) that converts all uppercase

12. Trim Whitespace:

Examples: C String Functions <string.h>

1. String Copy: strncpy()

char source[] = "Hello, World!";

strncpy(destination, source, 5);

destination[5] = '\0'; // Ensure null-termination

printf("strncpy(): %s\n", destination);

2. String Concate: strncat()

char str1[20] = "Hello, ";

char str2[] = "World!";

strncat(str1, str2, 3);

printf("strncat(): %s\n", str1);

strncat(): Hello, Wor

3. String Compare: strncmp()

char str3[] = "apple";

char str4[] = "appetizer";

int result = strncmp(str3, str4, 4);

printf("strncmp(): %d\n", result);

4. First Character Occurrence: strchr()

char sentence[] = "This is a sample sentence.";

char *ptr = strchr(sentence, 'a');

printf("strchr(): %s\n", ptr);

strchr(): a sample sentence.

5. Last Character Occurrence: strrchr()

char *lastPtr = strrchr(sentence, 'a');

printf("strrchr(): %s\n", lastPtr);

strrchr(): ample sentence.

6. String Search: strstr()

char *substr = strstr(text, "fox");

printf("strstr(): %s\n", substr);

strstr(): fox jumps over the lazy dog.

7. String Token Break: strtok()

char sentence[] = "This is a sample sentence";

char *token = strtok(sentence, " ");

while (token != NULL) {

printf("strtok(): %s\n", token);

token = strtok(NULL, " ");

8. Lowercase String: strlwr()

void toLowerCase(char *str) {

for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) {

str[i] = tolower((unsigned char)str[i]);

char str5[] = "LoWeRcAsE";

printf("strlwr(): %s\n", str5);

9. Uppercase String: strupr()

void toUpperCase(char *str) {

for (int i = 0; str[i]; i++) {

char str6[] = "UpperCase";

printf("strupr(): %s\n", str6);

10. Duplicate String: strdup()

char original[] = "Original String";

 Write a function void removeSubstring(char str, char substr) that removes