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    Strings

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    sri vallidevi
    Strings in C are arrays of characters that are terminated with a null character. Strings can be declared as character arrays and initialized in several ways. The C standard library provides functions for manipulating strings, such as strlen() to get the length, strcpy() to copy strings, and strcat() to concatenate strings. Arrays of strings can also be declared to store multiple string values by using a two-dimensional character array.

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    Strings

    Uploaded by

    sri vallidevi
    179 views8 pages
    Strings in C are arrays of characters that are terminated with a null character. Strings can be declared as character arrays and initialized in several ways. The C standard library provides functions for manipulating strings, such as strlen() to get the length, strcpy() to copy strings, and strcat() to concatenate strings. Arrays of strings can also be declared to store multiple string values by using a two-dimensional character array.

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    Strings in C are arrays of characters that are terminated with a null character. Strings can be declared as character arrays and initialized in several ways. The C standard library provides functions for manipulating strings, such as strlen() to get the length, strcpy() to copy strings, and strcat() to concatenate strings. Arrays of strings can also be declared to store multiple string values by using a two-dimensional character array.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    179 views8 pages

    Strings

    Uploaded by

    sri vallidevi
    Strings in C are arrays of characters that are terminated with a null character. Strings can be declared as character arrays and initialized in several ways. The C standard library provides functions for manipulating strings, such as strlen() to get the length, strcpy() to copy strings, and strcat() to concatenate strings. Arrays of strings can also be declared to store multiple string values by using a two-dimensional character array.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    STRINGS

    Introduction

    In C language a group of characters, digits and symbols enclosed within double


    quotes are called as a String. The string always declared as a character array.
    In other words, the character array is called as a String. To manipulate words and
    sentences normally strings are preferable. Every string is terminated with a null character.
    Functions gets() and puts() are two string functions to take string input from the user and display it
    respectively. These functions are defined in ‘stdio.h’ header file.
    Syntax to declare a String
    char_data_type array_name[size];
    Example
    char ch[10];
    In the above example the character array “ch” is able to store 9 characters and the last
    character is a null character (‘\0’).
    We can directly initialize the string variables as follows.
    char ch[]={‘H’,’E’,’L’,’L’,’O’};
    char ch[]=”Hello”;
    char ch[]={{‘H’},{’E’},{’L’},{’L’},{’O’}};
    Each character of the string occupies one byte of memory space. The last character is
    always a null character (‘\0’). It is not compulsory to write a null character in the string. The
    compiler automatically puts the null character at the end of the string.
    The characters of the string are stored in continues memory locations as follows.

    String Handling Functions or String Library Functions


    The C-language provides the number of functions used to perform the manipulations
    on strings and these functions are available in the header file <string.h>.
    These are explained below.
    1. strlen()
    This function is used to find out the length of the string.
    Syntax: strlen(string_name)
    Example: strlen(ch);
    The following program illustrate the use of strlen() function.
    Aim: C-Program to illustrate strlen() function.
    Program: /*strlen.c*/
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<conio.h>
    #include<string.h>
    void main()
    {
    char ch[20];
    int len;
    clrscr();
    printf("\n Enter a string:");
    gets(ch); //func to read string from the user
    /* finding the length of the string */
    len=strlen(ch);
    printf("\n The length of the given string is: %d",len);
    getch();
    }
    Output:
    2. strcmp()
    It is used to compare two strings. It returns 0((zero) if two strings are equal
    and it returns 1 if these are not equal.
    Syntax: strcmp((string1,string2);
    3. strcpy()
    This function is used to copy the string2 into the string1 by deleting the
    string2 data. Here the size of the string1 should be greater than the size of the string2.
    Syntax: strcpy(string2,string1);

    4. strlwr()
    This function is used to convert the given string into the lower case string.
    Syntax: strlwr(string);
    Example: strlwr(“Hello World”);
    Output: hello world
    5. strupr()
    This function is used to convert the given string into the upper case string.
    Syntax: strupr(string);
    Example: strupr(hello world”)
    Output: HELLO WORLD

    6. strcat()
    This function is used to concatenate (appending the second string at the end of
    the first string) two given strings.
    Syntax: strcat(string1,string2);
    Example: strcat(“Hello” “World”);
    Output: HelloWorld
    The following program illustrate the use of strcat() function.
    Aim: C-program to demonstrate the use of strcat() function.

    Program: /*strcat.c*/
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<conio.h>
    #include<string.h>
    void main()
    {
    char s1[10],s2[10];
    clrscr();
    printf("\n Enter the first string:");
    gets(s1);
    printf("\n Enter the second string:");
    gets(s2);
    /* Performing concatenation*/
    strcat(s1,s2);
    printf("\n The result string is: %s",s1);
    getch();
    }
    Output:
    7. strchr()
    This function determines the first occurrence of the given character with in the
    given string.
    Syntax: strchr(string, character)
    Example: strchr(“abcbcc”,’b’);
    Output: 1
    Programs
    1. Write a C-Program to check whether the given string is palindrome or not.
    Aim: C-Program to check whether the given string is palindrome or not.
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<conio.h>
    #include<string.h>
    void main()
    {
    char s1[10],s2[10];
    clrscr();
    printf("\n Enter a string:");
    gets(s1);

    strcpy(s2,s1);
    strrev(s1);
    if(strcmp(s1,s2)==0)
    printf("\n The given string is palindrome");
    else
    printf("\n The given string is not a palindrome");
    getch();
    }
    Output:

    Example Program to check the given character is uppercase or lower case

    #include <stdio.h>

    int main()
    {

    char ch;
    printf("Enter the alphabet:");

    scanf("%c",&ch);
    if(ch>=65 && ch<=90)

    printf("upper case");

    else if(ch>=97 && ch<=122)

    printf("lower case");

    else
    printf("Invalid input");
    return 0;
    }
    Output
    Enter the alphabet:g
    lower case

    Array of strings or Strings of arrays


    A string is character array. If we want to refer arrays in strings we have to go for two
    dimensional character arrays, because strings are nothing but a character array. So to
    implement the string with arrays we have to take another indices [ ].
    Syntax for declaring the array of strings:
    char string_name[no.of strings][ size of each string];
    Example: char book[2][10];

    The above represents book is a string variable capable of storing two strings and each
    string size is 10.
    The following program will explain how to use array of strings in C-Language.
    Aim: C-Program to demonstrate array of strings.
    Program: /*strarray.c*/
    #include<stdio.h>
    #include<conio.h>
    void main()
    {
    char book[20][20];
    int n,i;
    clrscr();
    printf("\n Enter the number of books:");
    scanf("%d",&n);
    printf("\n Enter the books tittles\n");
    for(i=0;i<=n-1;i++)
    {
    scanf("%s",book[i]);
    }
    printf("\n The book tittles are....\n");
    for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    {
    puts(book[i]);
    }
    getch();
    }
    Output:
    Important Questions
    1. Define string and explain about declaration and initialization of strings in C.
    2. Define string and explain about string handling functions in C with suitable examples.
    3. Define string and explain about character array in C with example program.

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