CHAPTER:5
ARRAYS & STRINGS
Q:1: What is arrays?
ARRAYS:
-A set of similar data type is called arrays.
-Arrays are very commonly used in computer programming to provide simple solutions of many
problems.
-Arrays allow programmer to use single variable name to represent a collection of same type of data.
-Array reduce the program size and provide an easy way of handling the list of numbers or strings.
Q:2: How to declare an array?
DECLARATION OF AN ARRAY:
To declare an array in C++ the type of elements, the name of array and the number of elements is
mention in declaration statement.
FOR EXAPLE:
Data type Array name[array size];
Int a[5];
Q:3: What is two dimensional array?
TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY:
-It is the combination of columns and rows.
-It is used single variable to represent some type of data in the form of table or matrice.
Q:4: How to declare two deimensional array?
DECLARATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY:
To define two dimensional array in C++ we give data type, array name and the numbers of elements.
The general form of two dimensional array is:
SYNTEX:
Data type Array name[row size][column size];
FOR EXAMPLE:
int a[2][3];
Hera int is a data type and a is a variable name of an array, [2] is the size of row and [3] is the size of
columns. C 0 1 2
R 0 (0,0) (0,1) (0,2)
1 (1,0) (1,1) (1,2)
Q:5: What is string?
STRING:
-A string is groups of characters.
-In C++ character string is stored in one dimensional array of char datatype.
-Each element of character string hold one character.
-All the strings end with special characters known as null characters which is represented by “\0”.
-The null character automatically append at the end of string.
SYNTEX:
char string name[string size];
EXAMPLE:
char stdname[10];
PROGRAM:
- Write a program that read a name and print on the screen.
#include <iostream.h>
using namespace std;
main()
char stdname[20];
int a;
for(a=0;a<=20;a++)
cout<<”Enter the name”;
cin>>stdname;
cout<<stdname;
Some commonly used string functions are cin.get() function, strcpy(), strcat(), strlen(), strcmp().
Q:6:
Why we use string?
COMMONLY USED STRING FUNCTIONS:
-If we want to use string function in our program we have to include a headerfile (<sting.h>) in our
program.
-C++ support large number of string function in the standard library <sting.h>.
1-Cin.get() FUNCTION :
This function is used to read a string from a keyboard that contain a blank space.
SYNTEX:
cin.get (string name, string size);
-It will take two argument, first argument is the name of string variable and the second is the size of
character array.
-The following example will demonstrate the cin.get() function.
EXAMPLE:
cin.get:
It is used for space.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream.h>
void main()
char stdname[50];
cout<<”Enter the name”;
cin.get(stdname,50);
cout<<stdname;
2-strcpy() FUNCTION:
The strcpy() function is used to copy the content of one string variable to another string variable.
SYNTEX:
strcpy(string2,string1);
-It takes two arguments string one(1), string two(2).
-When it is executing content of string 1 will be copies to string 2.
-The following program will demonstrate the strcpy() function:
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main();
char string 1[20]=”lahore”;
char string 2[20]=
strcpy(sting2,string1);
cout<<string2;
getch();
OUTPUT:
Lahore
3-strcmp() FUNCTION:
The strcmp() function compares two strings and return an integer value based ot relt of comparison.
The function will return the following integer values based on the result of comparison.
1-It will return(0), if string 1 and string 2 are same.
2-It will return (1) one, if string 1 is greater than string 2.
3-It will return (-1) , if string 1 is smaller than string 2.
SYNTEX:
strcmp(string 1, string 2);
The following program will demonstrate the strcmp function.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
Void main()
char string1[10]=”Hello”;
char string2[0]=”Hello”;
int x;
x=strcmp[string 1, string 2];
cout<<x;
}
OUTPUT:
4-strcat() FUNCTION:
The strcat () function is used to join two strings or we can say that it is used for concatenation.
SYNTEX:
strcat(string1, string2);
The following program will demonstrate the scrcat function.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
char string 1[16]=”Hello”;
char string 2[16]=”World”;
cout<<strcat(string1,string2);
5-strlen() FUNCTION:
The strlen is used to return the length of character of string.
SYNTEX:
strlen(string);
The following program will demonstrate the strlen function.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<string.h>
void main()
char ch[30];
cout<<”Enter the name=”;
cin>>ch;
cout<<str(ch);
