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TEKNOLOGI KOMUNIKASI
DIGITAL
Pengantar MK Sistem Komunikasi Digital Teknologi komunikasi digital dalam kehidupan sehari-hari Sumber: freepik.com Teknologi pensinyalan elektromagnetik
- Telegraph - Telepon - Radio
Sumber: Lecture 3-Digital Communications
Teori-teori matematika untuk sistem komunikasi Rangkaian mikro dalam bentuk chip Komponen Sistem Komunikasi Digital Evolusi Teknologi Komunikasi Nirkabel Teknologi 4GMulti-Carrier
Sumber: https://www.quora.com Teknik DiversitasTeknologi MIMO Dapat meningkatkan kinerja, Tetapi: ◦ Ukuran perangkat pengguna terbatas ◦ Biaya mahal ◦ Konsumsi energi bertambah (Aarne, 2015) Saat Ini Ke depan Komunikasi antar orang •Komunikasi antar jaringan melalui smartphone •Machine-to-machine •Device-to-device Kenapa Sistem Komunikasi Digital? Analog or Digital Common Misunderstanding: Any transmitted signals are ANALOG. NO DIGITAL SIGNAL CAN BE TRANSMITTED Analog Message: continuous in amplitude and over time ◦ AM, FM for voice sound ◦ Traditional TV for analog video ◦ First generation cellular phone (analog mode) ◦ Record player Digital message: 0 or 1, or discrete value ◦ VCD, DVD ◦ 3G/4G/5G cellular phone ◦ Data on your disk Digital age: why digital communication Communication is everywhere Optical: One fiber can carry up to 6.4 Tb/s or 100 million conversations simultaneously ◦ Almost all phone calls, Most Internet traffic ◦ Most Television channels, LAN, WAN & more Copper: ◦ Cable/DSL is the key for ‘Triple play’ services (voice, data, TV) Wireless: is everywhere ◦ Has become a necessity Satellite: GPS, XM radio and lot more Why DIGICOM? BasicDIGICOM knowledge is needed for all electrical/computer engineers ◦ Upcoming Smart Grids rely more & more on communications ◦ Inter chip and intra-chip communications for VLSI engineers ◦ Multimedia communications ◦ Control and communications for instrumentation engineers Basic of Digital Communications Elemen Dasar Siskomdig System Overview Information Source: ◦ Analog (voice) or digital (e-mail, SMS, fax) Source Encoding: ◦ Removing redundancy (to reduce bit rate) Encrypt: introduce security (optional) Channel Encoding: ◦ Adding redundancy to overcome channel impairments such as noise & distortion Multiplex: Share the channel with other sources The Channel Telephone wire (twisted pair), TV Cable (coaxial), air (wireless), optical fiber Adds noise: and distortion ◦ Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) ◦ Multipath fading (wireless) Could be stationary (wires) or time varying (wireless) Usually band-limited (lowpass), sometimes bandpass (air – why?) Optical fiber offers huge bandwidth Model Kanal A Transmission System Transmitter Receiver
Communication channel
Transmitter Converts information into signal suitable for transmission Injects energy into communications medium or channel ◦ Telephone converts voice into electric current ◦ Modem converts bits into tones Receiver Receives energy from medium Converts received signal into form suitable for delivery to user ◦ Telephone converts current into voice ◦ Modem converts tones into bits Transmission Impairments Transmitted Received Transmitter Receiver Signal Signal
Communication channel
Communication Transmission Impairments
Channel Signal attenuation Pair of copper wires Signal distortion Coaxial cable Spurious noise Radio Light in optical fiber Interference from other
Light in air signals
Infrared Analog Long-Distance Communications Transmission segment
Source Repeater ... Repeater Destination
Each repeater attempts to restore analog
signal to its original form Restoration is imperfect ◦ Distortion is not completely eliminated ◦ Noise & interference is only partially removed Signal quality decreases with # of repeaters Communications is distance-limited Still used in analog cable TV systems Analogy: Copy a song using a cassette recorder Analog vs. Digital Transmission Analog transmission: all details must be reproduced accurately Distortion Sent Attenuation Received
Digital transmission: only discrete levels need to be reproduced
Sent Distortion Received
Simple Receiver: Attenuation Was original pulse positive or negative? Digital Long-Distance Communications Transmission segment
Source Regenerator ... Regenerator Destination
Regenerator recovers original data sequence
and retransmits on next segment Can design so error probability is very small Then each regeneration is like the first time! Analogy: copy an MP3 file Communications is possible over very long distances Digital systems vs. analog systems ◦ Less power, longer distances, lower system cost ◦ Monitoring, multiplexing, coding, encryption, protocols…
