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Lecture 1 Intro To Digital Communication

Digital communication systems allow for the reliable transmission of data from a source to a receiver. [1] They work by converting analog signals from various sources into digital format using analog-to-digital conversion. [2] The digital data is then encoded, modulated onto a carrier signal, transmitted through a channel, demodulated, decoded and converted back to analog at the receiver end. [3] Digital signals provide advantages like noise immunity, ease of regeneration and multiplexing, making digital communication more effective than analog for transmitting data.

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148 views24 pages

Lecture 1 Intro To Digital Communication

Digital communication systems allow for the reliable transmission of data from a source to a receiver. [1] They work by converting analog signals from various sources into digital format using analog-to-digital conversion. [2] The digital data is then encoded, modulated onto a carrier signal, transmitted through a channel, demodulated, decoded and converted back to analog at the receiver end. [3] Digital signals provide advantages like noise immunity, ease of regeneration and multiplexing, making digital communication more effective than analog for transmitting data.

Uploaded by

Ryan Olaybal
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to digital

communication

Elements of digital communication


Objectives:

• Define communication
• Describe the elements of digital communication
• Discuss analog and digital signals
• Evaluate the effectiveness of digital signals in
the transmission of data.
What is Communication?

• Communication is transferring data reliably


from one point to another
–Data could be: voice, video, codes etc…
• It is important to receive the same information
that was sent from the transmitter.
• Communication system
–A system that allows transfer of information
reliably
Communication Systems

Transmitter Receiver
Communication Sink
Source
“Sending Point” System “Receiving Point”

Information Transmitter Channel Receiver Information


Source Sink

Block Diagram of a typical communication system


Digital Communication System

Information A/D Source Channel Modulator


Source Converter Encoder
Encoder

Channel

Information D/A Source Channel Demodulator


Sink Converter Decoder
Decoder

Data of a digital format “i.e binary numbers”


Digital Communication System

• Information source
• Analog Data: Microphone, speech signal, image, video etc…
• Discrete (Digital) Data: keyboard, binary numbers, hex numbers,
etc…
• Analog to Digital Converter (A/D)
• Sampling:
• Converting continuous time signal to a digital signal
• Quantization:
• Converting the amplitude of the analog signal to a digital value
• Coding:
• Assigning a binary code to each finite amplitude in the analog signal
Digital Communication System

• Source encoder
• Represent the transmitted data more efficiently and remove
redundant information
• How? “write Vs. rite”
• Speech signals frequency and human ear “20 kHz”

• Two types of encoding:


• Lossless data compression (encoding)
• Data can be recovered without any missing information
• Lossy data compression (encoding)
• Smaller size of data
• Data removed in encoding can not be recovered again
Digital Communication System

• Channel encoder:
• To control the noise and to detect and correct the errors that can
occur in the transmitted data due the noise.
• Modulator:
• Represent the data in a form to make it compatible with the
channel
• Carrier signal “high frequency signal”
• Demodulator:
• Removes the carrier signal and reverse the process of the
Modulator
Digital Communication System

• Channel decoder:
• Detects and corrects the errors in the signal gained from the
channel
• Source decoder:
• Decompresses the data into it’s original format.
• Digital to Analog Converter:
• Reverses the operation of the A/D
• Needs techniques and knowledge about sampling, quantization,
and coding methods.
• Information Sink
• The User
Digital signals

• Binary digital signals use two discrete voltage levels to


represent binary 1 or 0.
• Combining multiple bits into words permits us to represent
larger values.
• Digital circuits operate on digital signals performing logic and
arithmetic functions.
voltage

1 0 1 1 0 1
5V

0V
time
Analog systems

• Analog systems use electrical signals that vary continuously,


not having discrete values
• Analog signals are electrical representations of signals from
nature (pressure, light, sound, etc.)
• Examples of analog systems: AM/FM radio, cassettes,
telephone, VCR, standard television
voltage
V o lta g e ( V )

time

Time (sec)
Digital systems

• Digital systems use electrical signals that represent discrete,


binary values.
• Digital signals are not representative of signals that occur in
nature (pressure, light, sound, etc.).
• Natural signals must be converted into digital format.
• Historically, signals in communications systems have been
analog but a migration to digital systems has been underway
for the last 25 years.
Analog and Digital systems

PROVIDE EXAMPLES (PRODUCTS) OF


ANALOG SYSTEMS AND DIGITAL SYSTEMS
Why should we use digital communication?

• Ease of regeneration
• Pulses “ 0 , 1”
• Easy to use repeaters
• Noise immunity
• Better noise handling when using repeaters that repeats the original
signal
• Easy to differentiate between the values “either 0 or 1”
• Ease of Transmission
• Less errors
• Faster !
• Better productivity
Why should we use digital communication?

• Ease of multiplexing
-Transmitting several signals simultaneously
• Use of modern technology
-Less cost !
• Ease of encryption
-Security and privacy guarantee
-Handles most of the encryption techniques
Advantages of digital signals

• The most important advantage of digital communications is


noise immunity.
• Receiver circuitry can distinguish between a binary 0 and 1
with a significant amount of noise.
1 0 1 1 0 1
Voltage (V)

Time (sec)
analog signal with noise digital signal with noise
Advantages of digital signals

• Digital signals can be stripped of any noise in a process


called signal regeneration.
• Consider a network of relay stations.

1 0 1 1 0 1
Voltage (V)

Time (sec)
analog signal with noise digital signal with noise
Advantages of digital signals

• An analog signal is received, amplified and retransmitted at


each station.
• However, the noise is also amplified each link.

original analog signal

signal at repeater 1

signal at repeater 2

signal at repeater 3
Advantages of digital signals

• Digital signals are easier to multiplex.


• Multiplexing is the process of allowing multiple signals to
share the same transmission channel.
Disadvantages of digital communication

• The major disadvantage of digital transmission is that it


requires a greater transmission bandwidth or channel
bandwidth to communicate the same information in digital
format as compared to analog format.
• Another disadvantage of digital transmission is that digital
detection requires system synchronization, whereas analog
signals generally have no such requirement.
END

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