Lecture 1 PDF
Lecture 1 PDF
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Aims and Objectives
2
Digital Modulation ASK, FSK, PSK, QPSK, QAM, and M-ary QAM.
What
is
Signal
Examples
Introduction
4
Example
Signals in an Electrical Circuit
R
vs + i C vc
-
Current Voltage
flowing in the across the
Resistor Capacitor
iR(t) Vc(t)
Introduction
5
What
is
System?
5 Basic Components
Every communication system has 5 basic requirements
•Data Source (where the data originates)
•Transmitter (device used to transmit data)
•Transmission Medium (cables or non cable)
•Receiver (device used to receive data)
•Destination (where the data will be placed)
Elements of a Communication Systems
Input Output
message message
Input Output
Transducer Transducer
Transmitter Channel Receiver
Example
5 Basic Components
Input Transducer: The message produced by a source must be
converted by a transducer to a form suitable for the
particular type of communication system.
Example: In electrical communications, speech
waves are converted by a microphone to voltage
variation.
Receiver:
The receiver’s function is to extract the desired signal from the
received signal at the channel output and to convert it to a form
suitable for the output transducer.
Other functions performed by the receiver: amplification (the
received signal may be extremely weak), demodulation and
filtering.
Output Transducer:
Converts the electric signal at its input into the form
desired by the system user.
Example: Loudspeaker, personal computer (PC), tape
recorders.
Transmission Direction
Technological Problems
Hardware availability, Economic Factors,
Governmental regulations, and so on
Physical Limitations,
Bandwidth and Noise.
Taking both limitations into account, Shannon (1948) stated that the rate
of information transmission cannot exceed the channel capacity.
Solution
First we change 100 ms to seconds, and then we
calculate the frequency from the period (1 Hz = 10−3
kHz).
Frequency is the rate of change with
respect to time.
Solution
We know that 1 complete cycle is 360°. Therefore,
1/6 cycle is
Figure Wavelength and period
Figure The time-domain and frequency-domain plots of a sine wave
A complete sine wave in the time domain
can be represented by one single spike in
the frequency domain.
Time and frequency domains
Time and frequency domains (continued)
Time and frequency domains (continued)
Example
Disadvantages : Advantages :
1844 Telegraph:
1876 Telephony:
1904 Radio:
1923-1938 Television:
1936 Armstrong’s case of FM radio
1938-1945 World War II Radar and microwave systems
1948-1950 Information Theory and coding. C. E.
Shannon
1962 Satellite communications begins with Telstar I.
1962-1966 High Speed digital communication
1972 Motorola develops cellular telephone.