Generator Auxliaries PSTI 21.01.10

• EXCITER MONITORING DURING OPERATION
– TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM

• AIR TEMP MONITORING THRU RTDs
– FUSE MONITORING SYSTEM
• THRU STROBOSCOPE
– GROUND FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM
• THRU INSTRUMENT SLIP RINGS
– EXCITATION CURRENT MEASUREMENT
• THRU QUADRATURE COILS
1
DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES
• INDIVIDUAL BAR TEMP MONITORING

• DEW POINT BEFORE / AFTER GAS DRIER
• ON LINE PARTIAL DISCHARGE
• RF MONITOR
• GEN END WDG VIBRATIONS DETECTION
• GEN CONDITION MONITORING
• TEMP RISE CHECKING WITH TAGGING
COMPOUNDS
• SHAFT TORSONAL MONITORING
• ROTOR WINDING TEMP MONITORING
2
3
• INDIVIDUAL BAR TEMPERATURE MONITORING
SYSTEM
– MACHINES OF HIGHER RATINGS LIKE 500MW
ENVISAGE DIRECT COOLING OF STATOR
– WINDING BY DM WATER TEMP OF STATOR
WINDING WHEN MEASURED
– BY RTDs IN SOME SLOTS MEASURE ONLY THE
BAR SURFACE TEMP AT LOCATION OF RTDs.
– OUTLET TEMP AT HEADER ALSO GIVES
AVERAGE TEMP
– SCALE FORMATION OR OTHERWISE WATER
FLOW REDUCTION IN ANY BAR CAN CAUSE
INCREASE IN TEMP AND MAY LEAD TO
– WINDING FAILURE
4
• INDIVIDUAL BAR TEMPERATURE
MONITORING SYSTEM
– SPECIAL OUTLET NIPPLES ARE
DESIGNED TO
– ACCOMMODATE MINIATURE RTDs
– LEADS ARE TAKEN OUT FOR
CONNECTION TO MICROPROCESSOR
BASED MONITORING SYSTEM
– CORRECTION FACTORS ARE APPLIED
– TEMP IN INDIVIDUAL BAR IS SCANNED
CYCLICALLY
– ALARMS ARE GENERATED WHEN PRESET
LIMITS ARE CROSSED
5
• MOISTURE MEASURING SYSTEM
– PURPOSE :
• HYDROGEN USED FOR COOLING OF
DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF STATOR
AND ROTOR
• H2 DURING CIRCULATION PICKS UP
MOISTURE FROM VARIOUS SOURCES
• MOISTURE CAUSES DETORIATION OF
INSULATION SYSTEM , STRESS
CORROSION IN RETAINING RING, COIL
SHORTING , ARCING ETC
6
MOISTURE MEASURING SYSTEM
• MEASURING PRINCIPLE :
– BASIC ELECTRODE IS OF ALUMINIUM
COUNTER ELECTRODE OF GOLD FILM
THRU WHICH WATER CAN PENETRATE
– MOISTURE SENSITIVE ALUMINIUM
OXIDE SERVES AS DIELECTRIC
– WATER MOLECULES OF HUMID GAS
DIFFUSE THRU PORES OF OXIDE LAYER
AND CHANGES IMPEDENCE OF THE CELL
– SIGNAL FROM SENSOR IS PASSED ON
TO MOISTURE ANALYSER TO PROVIDE
CONTINUOUS MONITORING
7
• ON LINE PD MEASURING SYSTEM
– FAULTS AT INCEPIENT STAGE ARE OFTEN REVEALED BY
ELECTRIC DISCHARGE BEFORE CAUSING SERIOUS
SHORT CIRCUITS.
– DISCHARGE PRODUCES CURRENT PULSES OF RF
SPECTRUM AND CAN BE DETECTED AT GENERATOR
NEUTRAL AND PHASES USING RF CURRENT PROBES, HV
COUPLING CAPACITORS AND A SPECTRUM ANALYSER
– RF EMISSION DATA GIVES THE HEALTH OF STATOR
INSULATION
– RF EMISSION IS DETECTED BY SPECTRUM ANALYSER
AND A RF MULTIPLEXER
– RF DATA IS SENT TO PC VIA BUS COMMUNICATION LINK
– SOFTWARE DEVELOPED SENDS COMMANDS FROM PC
TO ANALYSER FOR RESET, FREQUENCY , RANGES,
SWEEP TIME , READING OF DIFF PEAK AMPLITUDES ETC
8
ON LINE PD MEASURING SYSTEM
MESURING METHODS :
* FAULTS IN GENERATORS GET ANNOUNCED BY

PD BRIDGING PART OF HV INSULATION AND ARE DETECTABLE
DUE TO RF SIGNAL COMPONENTS
* DISTRIBUTION OF PD w.r.to PHASE ANGLE OF
GEN VOLTAGE IS CHARACTERISTIC FOR CAUSE OF DISCHARGE
AND ALLOWS FOR CONCLUSION TO FURTHER OPERATION OF
GENERATOR
* RF COUPLERS ARE INSTALLED AT BUS DUCT
FOR 3 PHASES OF GENERATOR TO DETECT
DISCHARGES
9
RF MONITORING SYSTEM
DETECTS FAULTS IN HIGH VOLTAGE EQPT OF POWER
PLANTS :
1. SPARKING OF GROUNDING BRUSHES ON
GENERATOR SHAFT WITH SECONDARY DAMAGES ON
BEARINGS
2. BROKEN GROUND CONNECTION ON GEN STATOR
WDG CIRCUIT / BAR
3. DEFECTIVE GENERATOR BUSHING
4. BROKEN LEAD IN VOLTAGE TRANSFORMER
WINDING/ PROTECTION EQPT
5. HIGH CORONA DISCHARGE IN A 400 KV
GROUNDING
SWITCH
6. HV DISCHARGE INSIDE MAIN TRANSFORMER
WINDING
7. PD ON PHASE BUS SUPPORTS
8 PD DUE TO DAMAGED PHASE BUS BUSHING 10
RF MONITORING SYSTEM
BLOCK SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM :
11
END WINDING VIBRATION
MONITORING SYSTEM
PURPOSE :
* LONG UNSUPPORTED PORTION OF STATOR

WINDING
* OVERHANGS ARE FIXED WITH THE HELP OF

BRACINGS AND SUPPORT BRACKETS / RINGS
* HIGH VIBRATIONS CAN CAUSE INSULATION

FAILURE DUE TO RUBBING OF CONDUCTORS
AND FATIGUE
12
GENERATOR CONDITION
MONITORING SYSTEM
PRINCIPLE :
* INSULATION WHEN HOT BEYOND SAFE LIMITS GENERATES

SMALL PARTICLES BEFORE ACTUAL BURNING TAKES PLACE
* THESE PARTICLES ARE MADE TO PASS THROUGH ION CHAMBER
OF GCM
* UNDER NORMAL CONDITION IONS PASS FROM CATHODE TO
ANODE IN CHAMBER AND FLOW OF IONS IS MEASURED IN
CURRENT AS 100%
* PARTICLES WHEN PRESENT REDUCE THE FLOW & HENCE THE
CURRENT
* LOW CURRENT BELOW PRESET VALUE GENERATES AN ALARM
ALARM VALIDATION :
* ION CHAMBER BYPASSED , IF CURRENT RETURNS TO 100%
VALUE , THE ALARM IS GENUINE . OTHERWISE IGNORE THE 13
ALARM
GENERATOR CONDITION
MONITORING
INTERPRETATION :
SYSTEM
•AFTER ALARM VALIDATION PARTICLES PRESENT IN COOLING
MEDIUM (H2) IS PASSED THRU AN EXTREMELY FINE MESH FILTER
* SAMPLE COLLECTED IN FILTER ANALYSED BY GAS

CHROMOTOGRAPH
* ANALYSIS IS IN THE FORM OF VERTICAL LINES CALLED FINGER

PRINTS
* FINGER PRINT MATCHING DONE WITH LIBRARY BUT IS TEDIOUS,

COSTLY AND TIME CONSUMING
* TAGGING COMPOUNDS ARE APPLIED ON VARIOUS PARTS OF

GENERATOR TO IDENTIFY WHICH PART IS ACTUALLY HOT
* ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES IN IN FILTER NOT POSIBLE IN INDIA

14
SHAFT GROUNDING SYSTEM
SHAFT VOLTAGE GETS DEVELOPED DUE TO :

* STATIC CHARGES
* CAPACITIVE COUPLED EXCITATION VOLTAGE
SYSTEM CONTAINS :
* MAIN UNIT
* DISPLAY UNIT
* LOCAL JUNCTION BOX
15
SHAFT GROUNDING SYSTEM
FEATURES :
* MEASURES SUPERIMPOSED VOLTAGE

* MEASURES GROUND LOOP CURRENT
* MEASURES RESULTANT OR ACTUAL SHAFT
VOLTAGE
* ALARM FOR:
a. FUNCTION FAILURE
b. BRUSH DEGRADATION / LOSS OF CONTROL
c. BRUSH BOUNCE CONDITION
d. BEARING PEDESTAL INSULATION FAILURE
16
TORSIONAL STRESS ANALYSING
SYSTEM
•CALCULATES SHAFT FATIGUE AND EXPENDED LIFE OF TG
SHAFT FOR EACH SHAFT SECTION
•PROVIDES ALARM TO WARN THE OPERATOR WHEN SHAFT

TORQUE EXCEEDS A LOW LEVEL GROWING OSCILLATIONS.
•PROVIDES CHART OUTPUTS FOR RECORDING VARIOUS INPUT

PARAMETERS SHAFT OSCILLATIONS WITH FACILITY FOR
EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS
17
ROTOR WINDING TEMP MONITORING
•INDIRECT, APPROXIMATE METHOD

•QUADRATURE AXIS V/S CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS
•SHOP TEST RESULTS FOR FIELD CURRENT V/S ROTOR
WINDING TEMP
•EXTRAPOLATION OF DATA
•REALISATION IN DCS BY CURVE FITTING FOR QUAD.
VOLTAGE V/S TEMP RISE OVER COLD GAS
18
FORCED COOLING WATER SYSTEM
FOR AIR COOLED GENERATORS
19
20
PRIMARY WATER SYSTEM
Losses in wdg, bushings, bus bar are dissipated
1. PRIMARY WATER TANK
2. PRESSURE REGULATOR
3. WASTE GAS TO ATM.
4. PUMP
5. COOLER
6. FILTER
7. BYPASS LINE
8. CW FOR STATOR WDG.
9. ION EXCHANGER
10. CW FOR BUSHINGS
11. TEFLON HOSE
12. C W MANIFOLD
21
HYDROGEN COOLED
GENERATORS
22
DESIGN FEATURES
•DIRECT HYDROGEN COOLING OF STATOR CORE AND

ROTOR WINDING
•INDIRECT COOLING OF STATOR WINDING
23
HYDROGEN/WATER COOLING
SYSTEM
24
•DIRECT WATER COOLING OF STATOR WINDING AND
DIRECT AXIAL HYDROGEN COOLING OF ROTOR WINDING
25
AIR COOLED GENERATORS
26
AIR COOLED GENERATORS
# DIRECT COOLING OF STATOR CORE AND ROTOR

WINDING
# INDIRECT COOLING OF STATOR WINDING
27
TYPE OF AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
BASIC SYSTEMS :
1. Seal oil system

2. Stator water system
3. Gas system
28
PURPOSE OF SYSTEMS
Seal Oil System :

Prevents H2 escape from Generator
body by maintaining a continuous oil
film between Generator body and Rotor
journals at both the ends.
29
PURPOSE OF SYSTEMS
Stator Water System :

Stator water system used to dissipate
heat losses arising in the generator stator
winding by supplying cooled water.
30
PURPOSE OF SYSTEMS
Gas System :
Gas system used to cool the rotor
winding by supplying cooled Hydrogen
gas.
31
TYPE OF AUXILIARY SYSTEMS
1. Primary water system

2. Seal oil system
3. Gas system
4. Waste gas system
5. Waste fluid system
32
(A) PRIMARY WATER SYSTEM
Primary water system comprises
the following equipments.
1. Primary water pump & filter unit
2. PW Coolers
4. Instrument rack
5. Primary water tank
5. Necessary Piping, Valves and
Instruments
33
PRIMARY WATER SYSTEM
34
PRIMARY WATER PUMP & FILTER
UNIT-Comprises the followings
1. 2X100% AC Pumps
2. PW Filters
3. Mixed bed ion exchanger
4. Alkalyser unit
35
(B) SEAL OIL SYSTEM (DOUBLE FLOW)
Seal Oil System is double flow
seal oil system & have two seal oil supply
circuits.
1. Air side seal oil supply circuit

2. H2 side seal oil supply circuit
36
(B) SEAL OIL SYSTEM (DOUBLE FLOW)
seal oil supply system comprises followings

equipments.
1. Seal oil unit

2. Seal oil pump unit
3. Seal oil valve rack
4. Seal oil storage tank
5. Necessary piping, valves and Instruments
37
SEAL OIL UNIT-
Comprises the followings.
1. 2X100% AC air side seal oil pumps (Air side)
2. 1X100% DC air seal oil pump (Air side)
3. 1X100% Ac Seal oil pump( H2 side)
4. Seal oil tank
5. 2 nos. DPR Valves (Air side)
6. 1 no. DPR Valve (H2 side)
7. 2X100% Seal oil coolers (Air side)
8. 2X100% Seal oil coolers (H2 side)
9. Duplex oil filter (Air side)
10. Duplex oil filter (H2 side)
38
(C) GAS SYSTEM
Gas system comprises the
following equipments
1. Gas unit
2. H2 Distributor
3. Co2 Distributor
4. N2 Distributor
5. Gas drier
6. Co2 vapouriser
7. Necessary piping, valves and Instruments
39
(D) WASTE GAS SYSTEM
Waste gas system comprises the
followings.
1. Vapour Exhausters
2. Necessary piping, valves and
Instruments
40
(D) WASTE FLUID SYSTEM
Waste fluid system comprises the
followings.
1. Drain oil collector

2. Necessary piping, valves and
Instruments
41
TG COMMISSIONING
Generator commissioning includes commissioning of
following systems
– Generator
– Brush Less Exciter
– Seal Oil System
– Gas System
– Stator Water System
– Excitation System
– Protection System
– Control & Instrumentation System
42
Stator Water System
ALARMS / INTERLOCKS
– Stator water outlet header temp. – HIGH
– Conductivity after ion exchange – HIGH
– Conductivity in Stator Water – HIGH
– DP across Stator water filter – HIGH
– SW temp. after cooler – HIGH - TRIP
– SW flow through main winding – LOW – TRIP
– SW flow through terminal bushing – LOW – TRIP
– SW inlet pressure in Winding – LOW
– SW temperature after stator winding – HIGH
– SW temperature after Terminal Bushing - HIGH
– Pressure in Stator Water Tank - HIGH
43
Gas System
Performance expected from Gas System
– Maintain constant gas pressure in Generator casing.
– Monitor Gas purity under all operating conditions
– Scavenging Air and filling H2
– Purging H2 and filling Air
– Moisture free Gas supply
44
Gas System
ALARMS / INTERLOCKS
– H2 Gas purity in Generator casing – LOW
– H2 Gas pressure in casing – LOW
– Presence of Oil/Water in Liquid Level Detector(LLD) -
HIGH
45
Electrical Schematic Diagram
Earth Switch
If Field UAT
Generator Isolator 1
Transformer
Generator
Protection Generator CT + Circuit
CT Breaker
AVR & Metering &

Metering Protection
PT / CT PT / CT
Isolator 2
46
3 PHASE REVOLVING BRIDGE
COMPRISES OF
POWER DIODE,WITH HIGH PIV,HIGH
MECHANICAL STRENGTH.
EMPLOYS RC NETWORKS FOR OVER VOLTAGE
PROTECTION OF DIODES.
FUSES FOR DIODE FAILURE INDICATION.
FINNED ALUMINIUM SECTION FOR DIODE
MOUNTING.
STROBOSCOPIC METHOD OF FUSE
FAILURE INDICATION 47
3 PHASE BRIDGE CIRCUIT
48
GENERATOR
CONTROL
&
INSTRUMENTATION
-
49
GENERATOR SYSTEMS
• GENERATOR INSTRUMENTATION
• EXCITER INSTRUMENTATION
• GENERATOR SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• GENERATOR PW COOLING SYSTEM
• GENERATOR GAS SYSTEM
• GENERATOR WASTE GAS SYSTEM
• GENERATOR WASTE FLUID SYSTEM
50
C&I FUNCTIONS
• MEASUREMENT / MONITORING
• CONTROLS
• ALARMING
• PROTECTION
• DIAGNOSTICS
51
MEASUREMENT CIRCUITS
• SEAL OIL PRESSURE

• H2 PRESSURE (CASING / MANIFOLD)
• SEAL OIL / H2 DIFF PR.(TE/EE)
• SEAL OIL INLET TEMP
• H2 PURITY IN AIR ( THERMAL
CONDUCTIVITY BASED)
• H2 PURITY IN CO2 (DURING FILL/PURGE)
• CO2 IN AIR ( DURING FILL/PURGE)
52
MEASURING CIRCUITS - Continued
• PW CONDUCTIVITY AFTER FILTER

• PW CONDUCTIVITY AFT. ION EXCHANGER
• PRIMARY WATER FLOW THRU WDGs.
• PW FLOW THROUGH R,S,T BUSHINGS
• PW TEMP AT INLET TO WDGs
• DP ACROSS STATOR WDGs
• STATOR WDG TEMP
• STATOR CORE TEMP
53
MEASURING CIRCUITS - Continued
• BEARING VIBRATIONS IN X,Y PLANES

• SHAFT VIBRATIONS IN X,Y PLANES
• BEARINGS TEMP
• H2 PURITY ( DENSITY BASED)
• PW TANK LEVEL
• COLD GAS TEMP
• HOT GAS TEMP
• EXCITER HOT AIR TEMP
• DP AMONG PW / COLD GAS TEMP
54
MONITORING CIRCUITS
• GEN TERMINAL BOX LIQUID LEVEL

MONIROTING
• SEAL OIL LEVEL MONITORING IN TANKS
• OIL LEVEL IN PRECHAMBERS
• PW TANK PRESSURE MONITORING
• MCBs MONITORING
• H2 PRESSURE AT MANIFOLD
• ALKALISER DOSING TANK LEVEL
• FLOW THRU BYPASS FOR DOSING
55
CONTROL CIRCUITS
• AC SEAL OIL PUMP-1,2 (AIR SIDE)

• DC SEAL OIL PUMP -3 (AIR SIDE)
• AC SEAL OIL PUMP (H2 SIDE)
• BEARING CHAMBR EX.BLOWER-1,2
• CO2 VAPOURISER
• PRIMARY WATER PUMP-1,2
• GAS DRIER HEATER & BLOWER
• EXCITER ANTICONDENSATION HEATERS &
BLOWER
- Continued
56
CONTROL CIRCUITS - Continued
• COLD GAS TEMP CONTROL

• PRIMARY WATER TEMP CONTROL
• ALKALISER DOSING
57
ALARMING
• LOCAL ALARMS
• WINDOW ALARMS
• CRT ALARMS
58
GENERATOR PROTECTIONS
• ELECREICAL PROTECTIONS
• GENERATOR MECHANICAL PROTECTIONS
59
GEN . ELECTRICAL PROTECTIONS
• DIFFERENTIAL ( 0.2-0.4 In, t < 60ms)
• STATOR EARTH FAULT (t< 1s , I <15A)
• ROTOR EARTH FAULT ( 2 STAGE)
• UNDER EXCITATION
• OVER CURRENT ( 1.3 In, 6-8 S max) { additional as inverse time lag
impedance based)
• LOAD IMBALANCE PROTECTION ( 2 STAGE)
• RISE-IN VOLTAGE (Instant trip at 1.45 Un , delayed trip for low rise till 1.2
Un)
• UNDER FREQUENCY PROTECTION
• REVERSE POWER (50-80% of reverse power, 20-4 s dly)
• OVER VOLATGE (surge arrestors, 1.2-1.4Un, power freq spark over voltage
2*Un,impulse spark <4Un))
60
GEN . MECHANICAL PROTECTIONS
• PW FLOW THRU STATOR WDGs EMERGENCY LOW

• PW FLOW THRU TERMINAL BUSHING “R”
• PW FLOW THRU TERMINAL BUSHING “S”
• PW FLOW THRU TERMINAL BUSHING “T”
• PW TEMP AFTER COOLERS EMERGENCY HIGH
• COLD GAS TEMPERATURE EMEREGENCY HIGH
• LIQUID IN TERMINAL BUSHINGS
• SEAL OIL TEMPERATURE EMERGENCY HIGH
• EXCITER HOT AIR TEMPERATURE EMERGENCY HIGH
61
EXCITATION SYSTEM
62
MAIN COMPONENTS OF EX. SYSTEM
• PILOT EXCITER
• BRUSHLESS EXCITER
• ROTATING DIODES AND FUSES
• RC CIRCUITS
• QUADRATURE AXIS COILS
• CJN CABINETS (THYRISIEM 03-4)
• AVR ( 1 AUTO + 1 MANUAL)
• ROTOR TEMP MEAS. THRU INDIRECT
METHOD
• CONSOLE INSERT AT CONTROL DSK
• DIODES/ FUSE MONITORING
63
HYDROGEN PURITY MEASURING SYSTEM
* GENERATORS USE H2 FOR COOLING THEREBY IMPROVES

OPERATING EFFICIENCY
* CONTAMINATION OF H2 BY OIL VAPOUR , WATER OR AIR

INCREASE THE WINDAGE LOSSES
* 1% REDUCTION IN H2 PURITY CREATES A 12 % INCREASE IN

WINDAGE LOSSES
* H2 MAKES AN EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE WITH AIR BETWEEN 4

TO 74 % BY VOLUME
64
Types of Excitation Systems
• High Frequency Excitation system
•Static Excitation System
•Hybrid AVR type Excitation system
•Brushless Excitation System
•SEE with Digital AVR
65
Design Features of Excitation System
• Fast response for better stability

•Inertia free control of power electronics
•Facility for manual operation
•Bumpless transfer from auto to manual
•Minimum power drainage
•High MTBF
66
Objectives of Excitation System
•Good response in voltage and reactive
power control
•Satisfactory steady state and dynamic
stability
•Transient stability for all stated conditions
•Quick voltage recovery after fault clearance
67
Technical Particulars for Excitation System
•Range of voltage control in Auto 90-110% Un

•Frequency range of operation Fn +-5%
•Transformer drop /droop compensation: upto
15%
•Maximum change in Gen Voltage during
changeover from auto to manual : 1%
•Range of exciation control in manual: 0-110% Ifn
•Accuracy of voltage control : +/- 0.5% Un
68
Main subassemblies of SEE
•Rectifier transformer
•Thyristor bridges
•Control electronics
•Field flashing
•Field Suppression
•Over voltage protection
•Digital AVR
•Digital Limiters
69
Main subassemblies of B’less Ex. system
•Digital AVR
•Digital Limiters
70
Limiter Functions
•Field current limitation

•Stator current limitation ( for both leading and
lagging stator current)
•Load angle limitation
•Power system stabiliser
71
Main subassemblies of B’less Ex. system
•Digital AVR
•Digital Limiters
72
Excitation System Monitoring
•Actual values signals for Gen voltage

& current
•Voltage reference for excitation
build-up circuit
•V/f monitoring
•Pulses monitoring
73
Protection & Monitoring in Excitation
System
•Excitation transformer over current protection
•Rectifier transformer temp monitoring
•Thy. Bridges over current protection
•Thyristors Hole storage protection ( dv/dt)
•Protection against high inrush current to
Thyristors
•Air flow monitoring
•Field over voltage protection
74
GENERATOR & ITS AUXILIARY SYSTEM
Tuesday, December 07, 2021 PMI Revision 00 75

• GENERATORS AND ITS AUXILIARY CAN BE
BROADLY DEVIDED INTO THREE SYSTEMS
• A) Stator water system
• B) Seal oil system
• C) Gas system
• D) Generator

STATOR WATER SYSTEM
EXPANSION FLOW
TANK METERS
GAS TRAP
DIFF PRESS
SWITCH
MAGNET
FILTER FILTERS
FSI
DIFF PRESS. I
CONDUCTIVITY
POLISH UNIT
MAKE
UP
COOLERS
PUMPS
VACUUM
PUMPS

Stator Water System
• Stator water cooling is a closed loop system
• There are two full capacity single stage
centrifugal pumps with change over facility
• The pumps are driven by 3Ph. 415V A.C.
motors
• The stator water cooler is shell and tube type
heat exchanger
• DM water flows through shell

Stator Water System
• There are two mechanical filters and one
magnetic filters
• Mechanical filters are of wire mesh type
• Magnetic filter is having permanent magnet
• The expansion tank is a hermetically sealed
container made of S.S.

Stator Water System
• Float valve is there in the expansion tank to
maintain water level in the tank which act as
suction storage tank for stator water pumps
• Polishing unit (mixed bed ion exchanger) is
there to maintain conductivity of stator water
to desired level

Stator Water System
• For commissioning the system the system has
to be filled up first
• Prerequisites for filling the cooling circuits
a) circuit should be flushed
b) hydraulic testing
c) installation of pump and motors after O/H
d) filters cleaned and boxed up

Stator Water System
e) coolers and all other components are boxed
up
f) ion exchanger is ready and is in service
g) all instruments and measuring devices are
in position after their callibration

Stator Water System
• System should be lined up for filling
• Complete stator water system should be filled
with DM water having required quality
• All air should be vented from the system
before starting of the pump

Stator Water System
• Take trial of the water pumps
• Check the stand by pump for automatic
starting
• Adjust level regulator in the expansion tank
• Check all the signalling devices for proper
functioning

Stator Water System
• Check all the instruments and meters for their proper
functioning
• Adjust make up water pressure around 2.0Kg/cm2
• Adjust small water flow through the gas trap
• Check there is no leakage of water in the system
• Take ejector into service
• Take one cooler into service

Stator Water System
• Check emergency switching in circuit of the
stand by water pump
• Check high and low alarm of the expansion
tank
• Check high conductivity alarm and tripping
• Check pump discharge pr., filter diff. pr.,
conductivity, flow, inlet winding pr., winding
diff. pr., vacuum in expansion tank, motors
current

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
FLOW M.
EE PS PG
BEARING FROM GAS
TE SYSTEM
BEARING TS ES
GAS
EXHAUST FR
TG DPRV
SOST BEARG
DRAINS
IOT
DP
SW
VACCUM VACUUM FILTERS
PUMP TANK
SOP-3
SOP 1 2 DC
OIL
COOLER
CONSTANT PRESS. REGULATORS

WITH ORFICE PLATES
SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Generator shaft seals are supplied with
pressuerised seal oil to prevent hydrogen
escape at the shaft
• Oil pressure is kept higher than the gas
pressure
• There are one AC seal oil pp. and one DC seal
oil pp. which feed oil to the seal through
cooler and filter

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Both the seal oil pumps are 100% capacity
screw type pump
• A vacuum pump is provided to maintain
vacuum in seal oil tank
• There is a additional facility to supply seal oil
from governing oil
• The seal oil pressure to the seal is controlled
by DPR which maintain specified DP between
oil and hydrogen

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Thrust oil is there to hold the seal ring in
position against gas pressure
• Two seal oil coolers having 100% capacity is
provided to cool the oil
• Duplex filter is provided in the oil line
• Vacuum pump evacuates gases from SOT

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Commissioning of seal oil system will be
required when the
1) generator to be filled with hydrogen or air.
2) machine to be put on barring gear
• Prior to commissioning make sure that all
instruments and devices are ready for
operation after callibration, overhauling and
trial.

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Seal oil system has to be filled with oil
• Prerequisite for oil filling
1) set all level switches
2) close all stop and non-return shut off valves
3) open all pressure gauge and pressure
switches isolating valves

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
4) open pressure transducer isolating valves
5) open isolating valves of impulse lines of
differential pressure regulator
6) bearing lube oil system is in service

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Open isolating valve of seal oil storage tank to
seal oil system. Oil will start filling the seal oil
system
• Open valves in oil flow path
• Take coolers and filters into service
• After oil is filled up into the system level will
be visible in the gauge glass of the SOT

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Take governing oil system into service
• Start AC seal oil pump
• To clear air locking seal oil pump should be
switched on and off till its discharge pressure
gauges shows a constant pressure
• Vent DPRV-A and DPRV-B

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Vent both the coolers one by one
• Vent filters
• Vent pressure gauges, pressure switches and
transmitters
• Set seal oil pressure by DPRV-A
• Stop AC seal oil pump and set DPRV-B
(<0.3Kg/cm2 from DPRV-A)

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Set thrust oil pressure (0.5 Kg/cm2 more than
seal oil pressure)
• Take vacuum pump into service and adjust
SOT vacuum as recommended
• Check all the meter readings are within limit
• Check seal oil flow is as per system
requirement

SEAL OIL SYSTEM
• Check automatic starting of stand by DC seal oil pump by
different interlocks including alarm
• Check function of level switch of SOT, seal oil storage tank and
pre-chambers
• After seal oil temperature reaches 300C start cooling water
flow to seal oil cooler and adjust the flow in such a way so
that the seal oil temperature is maintained at 400C

HYDROGEN GAS SYSTEM
ANALYZER
H2 DISTRIB
CO2 TO
SEALOIL
DPT
H2 DRIER
FILTER DPI
OP
VAPOURIZER
CO2
HYDROGEN
AIR
DRAIN
GAS SYSTEM
• Overhauling of gas drier has been carried and
the drier is boxed up
• Check all instruments are in position after
calibration
• Functionally check the gas drier system
• Check the availability of adequate no of CO2
filling point and adequate no of co2 cylinders

GAS SYSTEM
• Check availability of adequate no of Hydrogen
filling points and cylinders
• Functionally check the LLD system
• Check whether the relief valves in the high
pressure valves are alright
• Check the generator is completely boxed up
• Check the seal oil system is in service

GAS SYSTEM
• Check generator air tightness test is
successfully completed
• Start purging air with CO2 till the purity of CO2
inside casing reaches above 95%
• After CO2 purity reaches as desired start
purging CO2 with Hydrogen
• Continue purging till hydrogen purity reaches
above 98%
GAS SYSTEM
• Pressurise generator casing with hydrogen up
to its design value
• Recheck hydrogen leakages by detector
• Take drier into service
• Take gas coolers into service
• Vent the coolers and establish flow

GENERATOR
• Before final commissioning of Generator
following are to be ensured
a) all work on Generator has been completed
b) all electrical measurement and tests has
been completed
c) checking and setting of temperature
measuring points, protection and other
signalling scheme has been completed

GENERATOR
• Safety precautions including fire fighting
equipments are available
• Oil supply to generator bearing and seal has
been established and quality/flow of oil is as
per specification
• Generator is filled with hydrogen of desired
purity and up to rated pressure

GENERATOR
• Generator stator winding is charged with
distillate of desired quality. The other
parameters of distillate is as per norms
• Generator gas coolers are charged and the
parameters are normal
• Generator circuit breaker is in open condition
after testing
• All switchyard equipments has been tested
and normalised

GENERATOR
• All protection and control schemes are in
service after callibration and testing
• Excitation system has been tested, normalised
and field breaker has been kept in open
condition.
• Mode of excitation system has been selected
(auto/man)

GENERATOR
• After ensuring completeness of checks and
availability of all equipments the set should be
started as per starting instruction and
gradually to be brought to rated speed
• During course of running up all parameters to
be noted and to be checked

GENERATOR
• When generator reaches rated speed check
the following
a) bearing and seal temperatures
b) performance of brush gear
c) vibrations
d) any gas, oil or water leakages
e) any abnormalities in generator
performance
GENERATOR
• Switch on excitation system and check for various parameters
and functioning of excitation system
• After ensuring all parameters are all right and machine
behavior is normal match the generator’s electrical
parameters with the grid and synchronise the machine when
permissive for the same is available
• Load the machine gradually. During loading also monitor all
parameters
110
• Protection of generators:
– General protections provided are:
• Generator differential protection
• Stator earth fault protection
• Negative phase sequence
• protection against unbalanced loading
• Interterm fault protection
• Reverse power protection
• Field failure protection
• Rotor earth fault protection
• Temperature sensors in slots
• Over current relays in stator and rotor circuits
• Surge arresters for surge overvoltage
• RC surge suppressors
111

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• EXCITER MONITORING DURING OPERATION

– TEMPERATURE MONITORING SYSTEM

• INDIVIDUAL BAR TEMP MONITORING

* FAULTS IN GENERATORS GET ANNOUNCED BY

* LONG UNSUPPORTED PORTION OF STATOR

* OVERHANGS ARE FIXED WITH THE HELP OF

* HIGH VIBRATIONS CAN CAUSE INSULATION

* INSULATION WHEN HOT BEYOND SAFE LIMITS GENERATES

* SAMPLE COLLECTED IN FILTER ANALYSED BY GAS

* ANALYSIS IS IN THE FORM OF VERTICAL LINES CALLED FINGER

* FINGER PRINT MATCHING DONE WITH LIBRARY BUT IS TEDIOUS,

* TAGGING COMPOUNDS ARE APPLIED ON VARIOUS PARTS OF

* ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES IN IN FILTER NOT POSIBLE IN INDIA

SHAFT VOLTAGE GETS DEVELOPED DUE TO :

* MEASURES SUPERIMPOSED VOLTAGE

•PROVIDES ALARM TO WARN THE OPERATOR WHEN SHAFT

•PROVIDES CHART OUTPUTS FOR RECORDING VARIOUS INPUT

•INDIRECT, APPROXIMATE METHOD

•DIRECT HYDROGEN COOLING OF STATOR CORE AND

•INDIRECT COOLING OF STATOR WINDING

# DIRECT COOLING OF STATOR CORE AND ROTOR

# INDIRECT COOLING OF STATOR WINDING

1. Seal oil system

Seal Oil System :

Stator Water System :

1. Primary water system

1. Air side seal oil supply circuit

seal oil supply system comprises followings

1. Seal oil unit

1. Drain oil collector

AVR & Metering &

• SEAL OIL PRESSURE

• PW CONDUCTIVITY AFTER FILTER

• BEARING VIBRATIONS IN X,Y PLANES

• GEN TERMINAL BOX LIQUID LEVEL

• AC SEAL OIL PUMP-1,2 (AIR SIDE)

• COLD GAS TEMP CONTROL

• PW FLOW THRU STATOR WDGs EMERGENCY LOW

* GENERATORS USE H2 FOR COOLING THEREBY IMPROVES

* CONTAMINATION OF H2 BY OIL VAPOUR , WATER OR AIR

* 1% REDUCTION IN H2 PURITY CREATES A 12 % INCREASE IN

* H2 MAKES AN EXPLOSIVE MIXTURE WITH AIR BETWEEN 4

• Fast response for better stability

•Range of voltage control in Auto 90-110% Un

•Field current limitation

•Actual values signals for Gen voltage

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CONSTANT PRESS. REGULATORS

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