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Python Lecture 4-Python-Strings

The document provides an overview of strings in Python, detailing their characteristics, such as being case-sensitive and immutable. It explains string operations including indexing, slicing, and various methods for manipulation and comparison. Additionally, it includes exercises to reinforce understanding of string concepts.

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Abhishek Goutam
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3 views13 pages

Python Lecture 4-Python-Strings

The document provides an overview of strings in Python, detailing their characteristics, such as being case-sensitive and immutable. It explains string operations including indexing, slicing, and various methods for manipulation and comparison. Additionally, it includes exercises to reinforce understanding of string concepts.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Goutam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python:Strings

Strings

Source:https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-0001-introduction-to-computer-science-and-
programming-in-python-fall-2016/lecture-slides-code/
Strings

• String is a sequence of characters (case


sensitive)
fruit = ‘banana’
• len() is a function that gives the length of
the string
– len(fruit) -> 6
• Can compare strings using ==, >, <
Strings

• Square brackets are used to perform indexing into a string


to get the value at certain index/position
– fruit=“banana”
– fruit[0] -> “b”
– fruit[1] -> “a”
– fruit[2] -> “n” Forward Indexing
– fruit[3] -> “a”
– fruit[4] -> “n”
– fruit[5] -> “a”
Strings

• Square brackets are used to perform indexing into a string


to get the value at certain index/position
– fruit=“banana”
– fruit[-1] -> “a” last element at index -1 (n-1)
– fruit[-2] -> “n”
– fruit[-3] -> “a” Reverse Indexing
– fruit[-4] -> “n”
– fruit[-5] -> “a”
– fruit[-6] -> “b”
Strings
• For Loop in string
– for i in range(0, len(fruit),2):
print (fruit[i])
b
n
n
for letter in fruit:
print (letter)
b
a
n
a
n
a
Strings
• For Loop in string

first = “krsd”
last=“ing”

for letter in first:


print (letter+last)

king
ring
sing
ding
Strings
• Slicing

[start, stop, step]


[start, stop] then step = 1 (default)

s = “abcdefgh”
s[3:6] will give “def”
s[3:6:2] will give “df”
s[::] will give “abcdefgh”
s[::-1] will give “hgfedcba”

fruit = “watermelon”
print (fruit[:5]) à will give “water”
Print (fruit[5:]) à will give “melon”
Strings
• Methods

To convert to uppercase (capital) letters


s = “abcdefgh”
capital_s = s.upper()
print (capital_s)
à ABCDEFGH

If the letter is lower case or not


fruit = Watermelon
if fruit[0].islower():
print (“The first letter is not a capital”)
else
print (“The first letter is a capital”)
Strings
• Methods

Find letter in a string

fruit = Watermelon
print (fruit.find(“m”))
à5 (found at forward index)
print (fruit.find(“g”))
à-1 (is not found)

print (fruit.find(“e”,4)) (starts search for e from index 4)


à6
Strings
• Comparison

==, >, <, etc. (alphabetical order)

word1 = “hello”
word2 = “yellow”

if (word1 < word2):


print (word1 + ’ comes before ‘ + word2)
else:
print (word2+ ‘ comes before ‘ + word1)
Strings
• Strings are immutable i.e., they can not be changed. It can
be sliced and concatenated.

word1 = “hello”
word1[0]=‘y’ Not Possible!
word2 = word1[1:len(word1)]
word2 = ‘y’+word2
Strings
Exercises
• 1. Given two words print the longer word.
2. Count number of common letters in two words
3. Count number of words in a given string.
4. Given a word, get another word where all
'e's are replaced by 'i'.
5. Given a word, print it so that the first letter is in upper case form
(Capital letter)
6. Write a function which returns True if given word contains the
letter ‘e’, else it returns False.

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