08.08.

2020 Learn Python 3: Strings Cheatsheet | Codecademy

Cheatsheets / Learn Python 3

Strings
Strings

In computer science, sequences of characters are referred to as strings. Strings

can be any length and can include any character such as letters, numbers,
symbols, and whitespace (spaces, tabs, new lines).

Indexing and Slicing Strings

Python strings can be indexed using the same notation as lists, since strings are
lists of characters. A single character can be accessed with bracket notation
str = 'yellow'
( [index] ), or a substring can be accessed using slicing
str[1] # => 'e'
( [start:end] ).
str[-1] # => 'w'
Indexing with negative numbers counts from the end of the string.
str[4:6] # => 'ow'
str[:4] # => 'yell'
str[-3:] # => 'low'

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String Concatenation

To combine the content of two strings into a single string, Python provides the

+ operator. This process of joining strings is called concatenation. x = 'One fish, '
y = 'two fish.'

z = x + y

print(z)
# Output: One fish, two fish.

Built-in Function len()

In Python, the built-in len() function can be used to determine the length
of an object. It can be used to compute the length of strings, lists, sets, and other length = len("Hello")
countable objects.
print(length)
# Output: 5

colors = ['red', 'yellow', 'green']

print(len(colors))
# Output: 3

IndexError

When indexing into a string in Python, if you try to access an index that doesn’t

exist, an IndexError is generated. For example, the following code fruit = "Berry"
would create an IndexError : indx = fruit[6]

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Immutable strings

Strings are immutable in Python. This means that once a string has been
defined, it can’t be changed.
There are no mutating methods for strings. This is unlike data types like lists,
which can be modified once they are created.

Escaping Characters

Backslashes ( \ ) are used to escape characters in a Python string.

For instance, to print a string with quotation marks, the given code snippet can txt = "She said \"Never let go\"."
be used.
print(txt) # She said "Never let go".

Iterate String

To iterate through a string in Python, “for…in” notation is used.

str = "hello"
for c in str:
print(c)

# h
# e
# l
# l
# o

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The in Syntax

The in syntax is used to determine if a letter or a substring exists in a string.

It returns True if a match is found, otherwise False is returned.

game = "Popular Nintendo Game: Mario Kart"

print("l" in game) # Prints: True

print("x" in game) # Prints: False

String Method .lower()

The string method .lower() returns a string with all uppercase

characters converted into lowercase. greeting = "Welcome To Chili's"

print(greeting.lower())
# Prints: welcome to chili's

String Method .upper()

The string method .upper() returns the string with all lowercase
characters converted to uppercase. dinosaur = "T-Rex"

print(dinosaur.upper())
# Prints: T-REX

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String Method .title()

The string method .title() returns the string in title case. With title
case, the first character of each word is capitalized while the rest of the my_var = "dark knight"
characters are lowercase.
print(my_var.title())

# Prints: Dark Knight

String Method .split()

The string method .split() splits a string into a list of items:

text = "Silicon Valley"
● If no argument is passed, the default behavior is to split on whitespace.

● If an argument is passed to the method, that value is used as the print(text.split())

delimiter on which to split the string.
# Prints: ['Silicon', 'Valley']

print(text.split('i'))
# Prints: ['S', 'l', 'con Valley']

String Method .join()

The string method .join() concatenates a list of strings together to

create a new string joined with the desired delimiter. x = "-".join(["Codecademy", "is",
The .join() method is run on the delimiter and the array of strings to "awesome"])
be concatenated together is passed in as an argument.

print(x)
# Prints: Codecademy-is-awesome

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String Method .strip()

The string method .strip() can be used to remove characters from

the beginning and end of a string. text1 = ' apples and oranges '
A string argument can be passed to the method, specifying the set of characters
text1.strip() # => 'apples and
to be stripped. With no arguments to the method, whitespace is removed.
oranges'

text2 = '...+...lemons and limes...-...'

# Here we strip just the "." characters

text2.strip('.') # => '+...lemons and
limes...-'

# Here we strip both "." and "+" characters

text2.strip('.+') # => 'lemons and
limes...-'

# Here we strip ".", "+", and "-"

characters
text2.strip('.+-') # => 'lemons and limes'

String replace

The .replace() method is used to replace the occurence of the first

argument with the second argument within the string. fruit = "Strawberry"
The first argument is the old substring to be replaced, and the second argument
print(fruit.replace('r', 'R'))
is the new substring that will replace every occurence of the first one within the
string.
# StRawbeRRy

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Python string method .find()

The Python string method .find() returns the index of the first

occurrence of the string passed as the argument. It returns -1 if no

mountain_name = "Mount Kilimanjaro"
occurrence is found. print(mountain_name.find("o")) # Prints 1
in the console.

Python String .format()

The Python string method .format() replaces empty brace ( {} )

placeholders in the string with its arguments. msg1 = 'Fred scored {} out of {} points.'
If keywords are specified within the placeholders, they are replaced with the
msg1.format(3, 10)
corresponding named arguments to the method.
# => 'Fred scored 3 out of 10 points.'

msg2 = 'Fred {verb} a {adjective} {noun}.'

msg2.format(adjective='fluffy',
verb='tickled', noun='hamster')
# => 'Fred tickled a fluffy hamster.'

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