Python Strings

January 31, 2025

1 Strings
• Python Strings
• Slicing strings
• Modifying strings
• Concatenate strings
• Format strings
• Escape characters
• String methods / inbuilt functions
• String Exercises

1.1 Strings
• Strings in python are surrounded by either single quotation marks, or double quotation marks.
• ‘hello’ is the same as ”hello
• You can display a string literal with the print() functio
• You can use quotes inside a string as long as they don’t match the quotes surrounding the
string.
• Lets see the examplesple
[1]: print('Hello World')
print("Hello World")

Hello World
Hello World

1.1.1 Qutoes inside quotes

[5]: print("It's alright")

It's alright

[6]: print("He is called 'Johnny'")

print('He is called "Johnny"')

He is called 'Johnny'
He is called "Johnny"

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 1.1.2 Assign string to a variable

[7]: a = "Hello"
print(a)

Hello

1.1.3 Multiline strings

[9]: a = """Jupyter Notebooks provide a web-based interface for creating and sharing␣
↪computational documents.

You can seamlessly mix executable code, documentation, and instructions in one␣
↪portable document.

Anaconda Notebooks is a hosted JupyterLab service that enables you to run␣

↪JupyterLab notebooks reliably online.

"""
print(a)

Jupyter Notebooks provide a web-based interface for creating and sharing

computational documents.
You can seamlessly mix executable code, documentation, and instructions in one
portable document.
Anaconda Notebooks is a hosted JupyterLab service that enables you to run
JupyterLab notebooks reliably online.

[11]: a = '''Jupyter Notebooks provide a web-based interface for creating and sharing␣
↪computational documents.

You can seamlessly mix executable code, documentation, and instructions in one␣
↪portable document.

Anaconda Notebooks is a hosted JupyterLab service that enables you to run␣

↪JupyterLab notebooks reliably online.

'''
print(a)

Jupyter Notebooks provide a web-based interface for creating and sharing

computational documents.
You can seamlessly mix executable code, documentation, and instructions in one
portable document.
Anaconda Notebooks is a hosted JupyterLab service that enables you to run
JupyterLab notebooks reliably online.

1.1.4 Strings as Arrays

• Strings are stored as arrays
• And each character in string are having index value starting from
• From the end the index value starts from -1.

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[12]: a = "Hello World"
print(a[0])

[13]: print(a[1])

[14]: print(a[-1])

1.1.5 Looping through a string

[15]: for x in "apple":

print(x)

a
p
p
l
e

1.1.6 string length

[16]: a = "Hello World"

print(len(a))

11

[17]: b = "Tiger Coding School"

print(len(b))

19

1.1.7 to check string

[18]: txt = "The best things in life are free"

if "free" in txt:
print("Yes, 'free' is present.")

Yes, 'free' is present.

[19]: txt = "The best things in life are free"

print("free" in txt)

True

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 1.1.8 to check if not
[20]: txt = "The best things in life are free"
print("expensive" not in txt)

True

[21]: txt = "The best things in life are free"

if "expensive" not in txt:
print("No, 'expensive' is not present.")

No, 'expensive' is not present.

1.1.9 String Slicing

• You can return a range of characters by using the slice syntax.
• Specify the start index and the end index, separated by a colon, to return a part of the string.
[22]: b = "Hello World"
print(b[0])

[23]: print(b[2:5])

llo

Slice from the start

[24]: b = "Hello World"
print(b[:5])

Hello

Slice to the end

[25]: b = "Hello World"
print(b[2:])

llo World

Negative indexing
[26]: b = "Hello World"
print(b[-5:-2])

Wor

[27]: print(b[-11:-6])

Hello

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 Skipping 1 character
[28]: a = "We are here to learn python from Tiger Coding School"
print(a[0:30:2])

W r eet er yhnf

[29]: a = "We are here to learn python from Tiger Coding School"
print(a[0:30:3])

Wa rtlrph

Skipping 1 character from the last

[30]: a = "We are here to learn python from Tiger Coding School"
print(a[-1:-30:-2])

loc ndCrgTmr ot

String Reverse
[31]: a = "Tiger Coding School"
print(a[::-1])

loohcS gnidoC regiT

1.1.10 String Modifying

upper() The upper() method returns the string in upper case.

[32]: a = "Tiger Coding School"

print(a.upper())

TIGER CODING SCHOOL

lower() The lower() method returns the string in lower case.

[33]: print(a.lower())

tiger coding school

capitalize() The capitalize() method returns the first character of string in upper case.

[34]: print(a.capitalize())

Tiger coding school

title() The title() method returns the frist character of each word in the string in upper case.

[35]: print(a.title())

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 Tiger Coding School

replace() function The replace() method replaces a string with another string

[37]: a = "hello world"

print(a.replace("world", "universe"))

hello universe

[38]: a = "hello world"

print(a.replace("h","j"))

jello world

count() function
[39]: a = "hello world"
print(a.count('o'))

endswith() function
[41]: a = "Hello World"
print(a.endswith('l'))

False

starswith() function
[43]: a = "Hello World"
print(a.startswith('H'))

True

strip() - Remove whitespace The strip() method removes any whitespace from the beginning
or the end:
[44]: a = " Hello World "
print(a.strip())

Hello World

Split string
• The split() method returns a list where the text between the specified separator becomes the
list items.
• The split() method splits the string into substrings if it finds instances of the separator:

[46]: a = "Hello, World"

print(a.split(","))

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 ['Hello', ' World']

Sting Concatenation
[47]: a = "Hello"
b = "World"
c = a + b
print(c)

HelloWorld

[48]: d = a + " " + b

print(d)

Hello World

The + Operator
• – operator concatenates strings
[41]: s = 'strawberry'
i = 'ice'
c = 'cream'

print(s + i)
print(s + i + c)

print('Go team' + '!!!')

strawberryice
strawberryicecream
Go team!!!

The * Operator
• – operator creates multiple copies of the string
[49]: a = "Hello"
print(a*5)
print(5*a)

HelloHelloHelloHelloHello
HelloHelloHelloHelloHello

The in operator
• The in operator returns true if the first operand is contained in within second or returns false
[50]: f = 'fruit'

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 f in 'Apple is a fruit'

#f in 'Apple is a vegetable'

[50]: True

Sting Format
[50]: age = 40
txt = "My name is John, I am" + age
print(txt)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[50], line 2
1 age = 40
----> 2 txt = "My name is John, I am" + age
3 print(txt)

TypeError: can only concatenate str (not "int") to str

But we can combine strings and numbers by using f-strings or the format() method!

F-Strings / Format strings

• F-String was introduced in Python 3.6, and is now the preferred way of formatting strings.
• To specify a string as an f-string, simply put an f in front of the string literal, and add curly
brackets {} as placeholders for variables and other operations.

[51]: age = 40
txt = f"My name is john, I am {age}"
print(txt)

My name is john, I am 40

[29]: sound = "Bark"

print(f'A dog says {sound}!')

print(f"A dog says {sound}!")
print(f'''A dog says {sound}!''')

A dog says Bark!

A dog says Bark!
A dog says Bark!

Placeholders and Modifiers A placeholder can contain variables, operations, functions, and
modifiers to format the value.

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[31]: # Add a placeholder for the price variable

price = 50
txt = f"The price is {price} dollars"
print(txt)

The price is 50 dollars

A placeholder can include a modifier to format the value.
A modifier is included by adding a colon : followed by a legal formatting type, like .2f which means
fixed point number with 2 decimals:
[33]: # Display the price with 2 decimals

price = 50
txt = f"The price is {price:.2f} dollars"
print(txt)

The price is 50.00 dollars

[35]: # Perform a math operation in the placeholder, and return the result.

txt = f"The price is {20 * 59} dollars"

print(txt)

The price is 1180 dollars

Escape characters
• To insert characters that are illegal in a string, use an escape character.
• An escape character is a backslash followed by the character you want to insertorth.
[55]: txt = "We are the so-called "Humans" from the earth."

Cell In[55], line 1

txt = "We are the so-called "Humans" from the earth."
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

[57]: txt = "We are the so-called 'Humans' from the earth."
print(txt)

We are the so-called 'Humans' from the earth.

[58]: txt = "We are the so-called \"Humans\" from the earth."
print(txt)

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 We are the so-called "Humans" from the earth.

1.1.11 String Functions / Methods

• chr() - converts an integer to a character
• ord() - converts a character to an integer
• len() - Returns the length of a string
• str() - Returns a string representation of an object.

ord() function
[59]: ord('a')

[59]: 97

[60]: ord('$')

[60]: 36

chr() function
[61]: chr(97)

[61]: 'a'

[62]: chr(36)

[62]: '$'

len() function
• returns the length of a string.
[62]: s = "I am a super power"
len(s)

[62]: 18

1.1.12 Boolean sting function

isaplpha()
[66]: a = "HelloWorld"
print(a.isalpha())

True

isalnum()

10
[67]: a = "Hello123"
print(a.isalnum())

True

isspace()
[68]: a = " "
print(a.isspace())

True

isdigit()
[69]: a = "12345"
print(a.isdigit())

True

isupper()
[70]: a = "TIGER CODING SCHOOL"
print(a.isupper())

True

islower()
[71]: a = "tiger coding school"
print(a.islower())

True

1.2 Exercise question

Write a program to get an output like this s1 = “You” s2 = “Have” s3 = “Done” s4 = “Good Job”
output = “You Have Done Good Job”
S = “This is a class on Python” Apply all the string functions on this string. Like : upper ,lower
,title , replace,count,endswith, startswith
These functions will return true or false.
print(“A” in “Apple”)

1.3 Homework questions

• Print First name, middle name, last name by getting input from the user side.
• Python program to check whether the string is Symmetrical or Palindrom
• Reverse words in a given String in Python

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 1.4 Quiz link
https://quizizz.com/join?gc=443372

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