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Types_of_Functions_Mapping

Alhamdulilah

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4 views

Types_of_Functions_Mapping

Alhamdulilah

Uploaded by

tuletuleabdalla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Types of Functions Based on Mapping

Types of Functions Based on Mapping

1. One-One Function (Injective):

A function f: A -> B is called one-one or injective if different elements in the domain A map to different

elements in the codomain B.

In other words, f(a1) = f(a2) implies that a1 = a2.

Graphically, it passes the Horizontal Line Test.

Example: f(x) = 2x is one-one.

2. Onto Function (Surjective):

A function f: A -> B is called onto or surjective if every element of the codomain B has at least one pre-image

in the domain A.

In other words, for every b in B, there exists at least one a in A such that f(a) = b.

Example: f(x) = x^3 is onto over real numbers.

3. One-One Onto Function (Bijective):

A function f: A -> B is bijective if it is both one-one and onto.

Every element of the codomain has exactly one pre-image in the domain.

Bijective functions are invertible (they have an inverse function).

Example: f(x) = x is bijective.

4. Many-One Function:

A function f: A -> B is many-one if two or more different elements in domain A map to the same element in

codomain B.
Types of Functions Based on Mapping

In other words, f(a1) = f(a2) for some a1 != a2.

Example: f(x) = x^2 is many-one since f(2) = f(-2).

5. Into Function:

A function f: A -> B is into if there exists at least one element in B that is not the image of any element in A.

That is, the range is a proper subset of the codomain.

Example: f(x) = e^x is into (not all real numbers are outputs).

Summary:

- One-One: Distinct inputs give distinct outputs.

- Onto: Every element of codomain is an output.

- Bijective: Both one-one and onto.

- Many-One: Different inputs give same output.

- Into: Not all codomain elements are covered.

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