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FUNCTIONS

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16 views6 pages

FUNCTIONS

Uploaded by

mitchellhulsey1
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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FUNCTIONS

 A function assigns exactly one element of one set to each element of


other set.

 A function is a rule that assigns each input exactly one output.

 A function f from A to B is an assignment of exactly one element of B to


each element of A (where A and B are non-empty sets).

 A function f from set A to set B is represented as f: A ⇢ B where A is


called the domain of f and B is called as codomain of f.

 If b is a unique element of B and to each element a of A assigned by


function F then, it is written as f(a) = b.

 Function f maps A to B means f is a function from A to B i.e. f: A ⇢ B

Domain of a function:

 If f is a function from set A to set B then, A is called the domain of function


f.
 The set of all inputs for a function is called its domain.

Codomain of a function:

 If f is a function from set A to set B then, B is called the codomain of


function f.
 The set of all allowable outputs for a function is called its codomain.

Pre-image and Image of a function

A function f: A ⇢ B such that for each a ∈ A, there exists a unique b ∈ B such


that (a, b) ∈ R then, a is called the pre-image of f and b is called the image of
f.
Types of function:

One-One function ( or Injective Function):

A function in which one element of the domain is connected to one element


of the codomain.
A function f: A ⇢ B is said to be a one-one (injective) function if different
elements of A have different images in B.

f: A ⇢ B is one-one
⇒ a ≠ b ⇒ f(a) ≠ f(b) for all a, b ∈ A
⇒ f(a) = f(b) ⇒ a = b for all a, b ∈ A

Many-One function:

A function f: A ⇢ B is said to be a many-one function if two or more elements


of set A have the same image in B.

A function f: A ⇢ B is a many-one function if it is not a one-one function.


f: A ⇢ B is many-one
⇒ a ≠ b but f(a) = f(b) for all a, b ∈ A
Onto function( or Surjective Function):

A function f: A -> B is said to be onto (surjective) function if every element of


B is an image of some element of A i.e. f(A) = B or range of f is the
codomain of f.
A function in which every element of the codomain has one pre-image
f: A ⇢ B is onto if for each b∈ B, there exists a∈ A such that f(a) = b.

Into Function:

A function f: A ⇢ B is said to be an into a function if there exists an element


in B with no pre-image in A.
A function f: A⇢ B is into function when it is not onto
One-One Correspondent function( or Bijective Function or One-
One Onto Function):

A function which is both one-one and onto (both injective and surjective) is
called one-one correspondent(bijective) function.
f : A ⇢ B is one-one correspondent (bijective) if:
 one-one i.e. f(a) = f(b) ⇒ a = b for all a, b ∈ A
 onto i.e. for each b ∈ B, there exists a ∈ A such that f(a) = b.
Inverse of a function:

Let f: A ⇢ B be a bijection then, a function g: B ⇢ A which associates each


element b ∈ B to a different element a ∈ A such that f(a) = b is called the
inverse of f.
f(a) = b ↔︎ g(b) = a

Finding the inverse of a function


Given the function f (x), we can find the inverse function f −1 ( x), by
following these steps:

Step 1: First, substitute f (x), with y. This helps us to facilitate the rest
of the process.

Step 2: Substitute each x with a y and each y with an x.

Step 3: Solve the equation obtained in step 2 for y.

−1
Step 4: Replace y by f (x) , since this is the inverse function.

What is the inverse of the function What is the inverse of the


x+ 4
function f ( x )= 2 x−5

Sol

x +4
f ( x )= y=
2 x−5

y+4
x=
2 y−5

5x+4
y=
2 x−1
−1 5 x+ 4
f (x)=
2 x−1

Example 2

If we have find f ( x )= √ x−5 find f −1 ( x )

Composition of functions :-
Let f : A → B and g : B → C be two functions. Then the composition of f and g, denoted by g ∘ f,
is defined as the function g ∘ f : A → C given by g ∘ f (x) = g(f (x)), ∀ x ∈ A.

The order of function is an important thing while dealing with the composition of functions
since (f ∘ g) (x) is not equal to (g ∘ f) (x).
Example: If f(x) = 3x+1 and g(x) = x2 , then f o g (x) implies f(g(x)) = f(x2) = 3x2+1.
If we reverse the function operation, such as g of f of x, g(f(x)) = g(3x+1) = (3x+1)2

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