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com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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www.ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Copyright© 2022
Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
 Computer Foundations

How to represent
data in computer?

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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 hundreds of millions or
even billions of transistors
CPU

How Computer Works? Transistor

• Computer is an electronic device. Transistor is a binary switch

• It deals with electricity On/Off

prevents or allows electricity.

• It only understands 0’s (Off) and 1’s (On).

• Everything you see, hear and read on the screen reaches you
as the result of “on” or “off” billions of times.
• Computer uses Binary System to represent numbers,
letters, commands, images and sounds.

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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 Computer Foundations

Binary System

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 Decimal vs Binary?

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Decimal System

1 0

Binary System

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 Computer Foundations

What is Bit?

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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What is “Bit”?
Remember! .. Computer is an electronic device…it deals with electricity only.

Bit A bit is a binary digit,

0 the smallest increment
of data on a computer

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 Computer Foundations

What is Byte?

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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What is Byte?

MSB
65 Bit

LSB

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 Base 2

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Doubling

8 Bits = 1 Byte

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 Computer Foundations

Decimal to Binary.

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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Represent this in binary…

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

00000011
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Represent this in binary…

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

00001000
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Represent this in binary…

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

00000101
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Represent this in binary…

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

00010100
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Represent this in binary…
Only one way
to represent Data

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

00010101
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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 Computer Foundations

Binary to Decimal.

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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Represent this in decimal…

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

00000011
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Represent this in decimal…

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

00001000
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Represent this in decimal…

0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

00000101
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Represent this in decimal…

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

00010100
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Represent this in binary…

0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

00010101
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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 Computer Foundations

Largest number in
a byte?

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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What is the largest number in byte?

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 + + + + + + +
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
=
11111111
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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What if I have larger number such as 257?!!

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 + + + + + + +
64 32 16 8 4 2 1
=
8 Bits = 1 Byte

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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Represent this in binary…

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

215 214 213 212 211 210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

32,768 16,384 8,192 4,096 2,048 1,024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Second Byte 100000001 First Byte

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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What is the largest number in 2 bytes?

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

215 214 213 212 211 210 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20

32,768 16,384 8,192 4,096 2,048 1,024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Second Byte
11111111 11111111 First Byte

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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 But!
How to represent letters?

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 Computer Foundations

ASCII & Unicode

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ASCII

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How to represent letters?
65 Or A??

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1

27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

8 Bits = 1 Byte

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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This is my name in binary:

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
01001101 01101111 01101000 01100001 01101101 01101101
01100101 01100100 00100000 01000001 01100010 01110101
00101101 01001000 01100001 01100100 01101000 01101111
01110101 01100100

Machine Language

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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What does this mean?
01001001 00100000 01001100 01101111 01110110 01100101
00100000 01011001 01101111 01110101 00100001

I Love You!

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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 But!

How to represent Arabic letters?

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 Computer Foundations

Unicode

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ASCII

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Problem:
‫محمد‬

□□□□ ‫؟؟؟؟‬

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UNICODE
Unicode is an International
character encoding standard

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 ASCII UNICODE
VS

American Standard Code for Information Interchange Universal Coding System

Supports specific characters (less space) Large number of characters (large space)

It has 3 standards:
Has 2 standards: Diffrences UTF 8 – 256 characters
7-bit ASCII – 128 characters
UTF 16 – 65,536 characters
8-bit ASCII – 256 characters
UTF 32 – 4,294,967,296 characters

Only one language Any combination of languages

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www.ProgrammingAdvices.com
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 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

64 Bits = 8 Bytes 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

32,768 16,384 8,192 4,096 2,048 1,024 512 256

8,388,608 4,194,304 2,097,152 1,048,576 524,288 262,144 131,072 65,536

2,147,483,648 1,073,741,824 536,870,912 268,435,456 134,217,728 67,108,864 33,554,432 16,777,216

5.49756E+11 2.74878E+11 1.37439E+11 68,719,476,736 34,359,738,368 17,179,869,184 8,589,934,592 4,294,967,296

??

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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9,223,372,036,854,780,000

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 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

32,768 16,384 8,192 4,096 2,048 1,024 512 256

8,388,608 4,194,304 2,097,152 1,048,576 524,288 262,144 131,072 65,536

2,147,483,648 1,073,741,824 536,870,912 268,435,456 134,217,728 67,108,864 33,554,432 16,777,216

5.49756E+11 2.74878E+11 1.37439E+11 68,719,476,736 34,359,738,368 17,179,869,184 8,589,934,592 4,294,967,296

??

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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18,446,744,073,709,600,000

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www.ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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1- Represent those numbers in binary…
• 512
• 44
• 129
• 717
• 999

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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2- Write your name in binary and put it
in the comments.

Thank you 
01010100 01101000 01100001 01101110 01101011 00100000
01111001 01101111 01110101 00100000 00111010 00101001
00001010

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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