ProgrammingAdvices.

com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
 Computer Foundations

What is Computer?

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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Before we know what is computer?

Let us remember...

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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What is the difference between…

Data Information Knowledge Wisdom

VS VS VS

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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What is computer? Knowledge

Processing

According to Rules

Data Input Output Information

Wisdom

Is an Electronic Device

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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 Computer Foundations

Computer Functions

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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 Functionalities of Computer
Input Data Stores Data Process Data Output Info. Control
Takes data as input. Stores the data/instructions Processes data and Generates Controls all
in its memory and use them convert it to useful Information as previous steps.
when required. information. output.

5
4
3
2
1

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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Computer is:
• Electronic Device.
• Operating under the control of instructions.
• Accepts Data (Input).
• Processes Data according to certain rules.
• Produces Information (Output).
• Stores information for future use.

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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 Computer Foundations

Computer Components

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Computer Components

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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 Computer Foundations

Software

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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Software

System Software: Operating Systems

Windows, Mac OS, Unix, DOS, Linux, Android, …etc

Application Software:
Ms Office, Photoshop, Browsers, …etc

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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 Computer Foundations

Hardware

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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Hardware

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
26+ years of experience
 Computer Foundations

Computer Units

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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 Computer Units

4
Input

3 5
Primary Memory Central Processing

1 2
Output Secondary Storage

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 Computer Units
Central Processing Unit
CPU

Arithmetic
And
Logic Unit
(ALU)

Cache L1 Registers

Input Control Output

Primary Secondary
Memory Storage
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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Computer Units - Input
Input

1
Any device that
provides data or
signal to
computer.

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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Computer Units - Output
Output

2
Any device used
to communicate
results.
Monitor

Printer Speaker

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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Computer Units – Primary Memeory
Primary Memory
Temporary

3 Permanent
Example: It stores the
instructions for the
computer to start up.
RAM & ROM

Random Access Memory

Read Only Memory

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Computer Units – Secondary Storage
Secondary Storage

4
Stores data
parentally

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 hundreds of millions or

Computer Units - CPU

even billions of transistors
CPU

Transistor

CPU

5 Known as microprocessor or processor

Transistor is a binary switch
prevents or allows electricity.

It is responsible ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit)

for all functions
and processes.
Control Unit

Cache & Registers

Central Process Unit (CPU)

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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Computer Units
Central Processing Unit
CPU

Arithmetic
And
Logic Unit
(ALU)

Cache L1 Registers

Input Control Output

Primary Secondary
Memory Storage
ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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Arithmetic and logical Unit - ALU:
• Executes Arithmetic and logical operations.

• Arithmetic calculations (Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication,

Division).

• Logical Operations ( Compare numbers, letters, characters).

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

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Control Unit - CU:
• Controls and coordinates computer components.
• Reads data from memory
• Sends data to ALU or register
• Instructs hardware to perform the requested operation

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Cache & Registers:

• Cache is a Highigh-Speed memory inside the CPU chip.

• Registers are Highigher-Speed memory inside the CPU chip.

These are memory locations that can be directly accessible

by processor.

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ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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 Computer Foundations

CPU Access to Memory

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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 CPU

Instantly available data

Registers

Temporary Simi instantly available data

Makes Access to data much faster

Slow access to data

Memory Types
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 Computer Foundations

Graphics Processing Unit

GPU

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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What is GPU?
• GPU stands for graphics processing unit.
• You'll also see GPUs commonly referred to as graphics cards
or video cards!
• But it is not graphic card, it’s only one part of it.

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GPU vs CPU

• CPU is designed to handle tasks quickly but are limited in

the concurrency of tasks that can be running.

• A GPU is designed to quickly render high-resolution images

and video concurrently.

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 Computer Foundations

How Computer Deals

with data?

Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
26+ Years of Experience Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
ProgrammingAdvices.com
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Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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 32bit operating systems can allocate only 4GB of memory
(2^32 = 4294967296), whereas 64bit ones can allocate a lot
What is 32 vs 64 more (2^64 = 18446744073709551616). So if you have under 4
GB of RAM in your computer, you don’t need a 64-bit CPU, bu
32-bit number has 2^32 possible addresses, if you have 4 GB or more, Then you must have 64 Bit CPU and
or 4,294,967,296. On other side, a 64-bit number’s capacity operating system.
is 2^64, or 18,446,744,073,709,551,616. Comparing ~4
billion bytes (about 4 gigabytes) to ~18 quintillion bytes
(about 18 billion gigabytes or 16 exabytes) showcases the vast
difference.
x64 or x86-64 and 32-bit hardware and software are often
referred to as x86 or x86-32.
•64-bit computer architecture provides higher performance
than 32-bit architecture by handling twice as many bits of
information in the same clock cycle.
•A computer with a 32-bit processor can only run a 32-bit
operating system and 32-bit software. But a computer
with 64-bit processor can run both 64-bit and 32-bit
operating systems and software.
Note: if you have installed 32-bit operating system on a 64-bit
computer, then it can run 32-bit software only. ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud
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CPUs are built by placing billions of microscopic transistors onto
a single computer chip.

a transistor is a binary switch and the fundamental building block of computer

circuitry. Like a light switch on the wall, the transistor either prevents or allows current
to flow through. A single modern CPU can have hundreds of millions or even billions
of transistors.

ProgrammingAdvices.com Mohammed Abu-Hadhoud

Copyright© 2022 MBA, PMOC, PgMP®, PMP®, PMI-RMP®, CM, ITILF, MCPD, MCSD
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