Class Starter Match the correct answer to the

Hex to the binary equivalent

Skill needed: Recall

Complete Retrieval questions. Link is on MS Teams Recall is the ability to remember something that has happened in
the past or the act of remembering it.
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LO: Be able to understand the different character sets and how
data is convert from ASCII to binary.

Steps to success:

• I can differentiate between analogue and digital sounds.

• I can explain the different types of character sets.

• I can calculate the file size of an audio and an image file.

Start of Lesson (SOL)
Steps to Success Not sure One idea Multiple ideas Linking ideas Applying ideas

Lesson I don’t I can list two I can explain I can compare I can calculate the
objective: be know types of sounds the different and contrast size of an audio
able to anything character sets. between bit rate file using the bit
explain and about a and colour rate and time.
calculate how sounds depth.
sound is
stored in the
computer.
 Complete Task in pairs British Value: Individual
Liberty: You may choose
the questions you would
Fish and Hook/Pre-Learning Task. like to answer.
Steps to Success Not sure One idea Multiple ideas Linking ideas Applying ideas

Lesson I don’t I can list I can explain I can compare I can calculate the
objective: be know two types the different and contrast size of an audio file
able to anything of soundscharacter between bit rate using the the
Outline bit rate
Differentiate Compare and formula
explain and about a sets. and colour depth. and time. used to:
List three types between contrast  Calculate the
calculate how sounds Explain the ASCII and
of character between file size of an
term metadata. extended
sound is set. colour depth image file
ASCII. and bit rate.  file size of an
stored in the
audio file.
computer. Skill needed: Recall
Start at your most
Recall is the ability to remember something that has happened in
challenging question.
the past or the act of remembering it.
 British Value: Culture Curriculum: Learning about the
Careers Section: Individual Liberty: You
may choose the questions
different jobs available within the career
area of Computer Science.
you would like to answer.

1. Explain two devices that can be used in by search team when looking for missing
people or animal.
2. Outline and explain the effects of using technology when doing searches of
missing people and animals.
3. Evaluate the benefits of technology and how it contributes to the field of
investigations.

Cognition needed: Resourcefulness

Resourcefulness the ability to find quick
and clever ways to overcome difficulties
 Key Terms and Definitions
1.2 Memory & Storage (A-O)
ASCII America Standard Code for Information Interchange: A Image file size The total size of an image file in storage.
character set that represents the English alphabet.

Binary arithmetic The process of adding two or more positive 8-bit binary Image quality The overall detail of an image, affected by colour depth
numbers. and resolution.

Binary numbers Binary describes a numbering scheme with only two Kilobyte One kilobyte (KB) is 1024 bytes.
possible values for each digit, 0 and 1. Also known as
Base 2.
Binary shifts Allows you to easily multiply or divide a base-2 binary Lossless compression A compression method that allows a file to be recreated.
number.

Bit The smallest unit of storage, represented by either a Lossy compression A compression method that generally involves a loss of
binary 1 or 0. quality

Byte A collection of eight bits. Magnetic storage Typically, the hard disk drive. Used to store the operating
system and applications.

Character set A set of symbols represented by a computer. Characters Megabyte One megabyte (MB) is 1024 kilobytes (KB).
include: letters, digits, spaces, punctuation marks and
control characters.
Colour depth Also known as bit depth. The number of bits used to Metadata A collection of data that describes and provides
indicate the colours used in an image information about other data.
Compression The process of reducing the size of a file. Nibble Half a byte. Four bits.

Denary numbers A numerical system of notation that uses 10 as its base. Optical storage Typically, CDs and DVDs. Used for films and music.

Gigabyte One gigabyte (GB) is 1024 megabytes (MB). Overflow The generation of a number that is too large to be
represented by the device intended to store it.
Hexadecimal A numerical system of notation that uses 16 rather than
10 as its base.

6
 Bits and Bytes To the power of … 1.2 Memory & Storage
Units of data
A bit is the smallest unit of When calculating units of data you
measurement which can represent will need to be able to calculate –
two states 1 = on, 0 = off. without a calculator numbers to the

A Byte is made of 8 bits and has 256

power of. Converting units of data
32 would be 3 x 3
different possible states. 44 would be 4 x 4 x 4 x 4
To convert units of data to larger or smaller
representations you firstly need to be able to
Switches remember their order of size and then be able
Inside a computer are billions of
switches that are controlled by the to multiply or divide by 1000.
logical calculations that are
performed by the CPU to allow
electricity to flow through. Greek translations
Many of the large units of data take
their names from the Greek
dictionary. It helps to remember
their sizes if you can remember
their translations.

Kilo … Thousand
Mega … Million
Giga … Billion
Key Terms - pages 11-12 Tera … Thousand billion
Command Words – page 64 Peta … Million billion
7
 What is binary? Binary > Denary > Hex conversion table
1.2 Memory & Storage
Binary is a number system used by Binary, Denary & Hexadecimal Numbers
computers and is also known as base Binary Denary Hex
The easy way!
2 made up of 1’s and 0’s to represent 0000 0 0

the presence, or not of electricity. 1 = 0001 1 1

True, 0 = False 0010 2 2

0011 3 3 Converting denary to binary

0100 4 4
What is denary?
0101 5 5
When we refer to a denary number,
0110 6 6
It is easy to convert a denary number to binary
we are referring to our number
0111 7 7 buy following these simple steps.
system we use as humans also known
as base 10. It is called denary
1000 8 8 1. Draw out a binary table
1001 9 9
because there are 10 numbers used
1010 10 A 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
in total to form any number
1011 11 B
(0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9).
1100 12 C

1101 13 D
What is Hexadecimal? 1110 14 E
Hexadecimal numbers, also known as base
1111 15 F
2. Take the denary number you want to convert
16 are frequently used for representing
images and colours as the letter and and start taking away the MSB (most significant
character combination is much easier for bit) until you have 0. Every time you are able to
humans to remember and reduces the rate
of error remembering long binary numbers.
Binary to Denary take away a number, place 1 in the column.
Reverse what you did for denary to binary
Hex is represented with the following and add together the values of the column For example:
numbers and characters:
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
which hold a one and discard those which 156 – 128 = 28 – 16 = 12 – 8 = 4 – 4 = 0
have a 0.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Key Terms - pages 11-12 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0

Command Words – page 64
64+32+8+1 = 105 8
 What is binary addition? Binary addition example 1.2 Memory & Storage
Binary addition and shifts
Binary addition is adding two 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
binary numbers together to
create a new number. 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 Binary Shifts
1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 Binary shifts can go left or right by a set number of places.
1 1
Tips for adding numbers A binary shift to the right will multiply the number by the
number of times it has been shifted.

Binary numbers can only be Bits should be carried in the For example, a binary shift two places to the left will multiply
represented by 1’s and 0’s and same way they are for the number by two.
therefore when making denary numbers.
calculations if the value of the
column is large than it can hold
A binary shift to the right will divide the number by the
the number must be carried
number of times it has been shifted.
over. What is an overflow?
For example, a binary shift to the left by 1 will divide the
The carried number, must be An overflow occurs when the number by two
the same value as the column calculation of binary numbers
exceeds the number of bits you
it is being carried to.
were originally calculating.
A binary shift will not always produce an accurate
This digit will appear as the most multiplication or division.
Key Terms - pages 11-12 significant bit and should be REMEMBER to always replace empty bits with a 0.
Command Words – page 64 identified as being an overflow
either by circling or underlining it. 9
 Paper 1 Revision: Things you MUST
know.
Tables for converting

Converting from base 2 Converting from base 2

Converting from base 16 to
to base 10 and vice to base 16 and vice
base 10 and vice versa.
versa. versa.

256 16 1 8 4 2 1
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
 What is a character set? What is a character? 1.2 Memory & Storage
A character set gives each Character Sets
character in the worldwide A character is a single key
alphabet a binary strike on the keyboard. This
representation could be a letter, number, Calculating text file size
special character that you
can type on your keyboard.
For example: a , * 4 To calculate the size of a text file we follow these
ASCII
simple steps:
• Is only suitable for the
1. Multiply the number of characters x bits
English language UNICODE
• Extended ASCII is stored per character (it is important to know
which character set you are using)
as 8 bits • Represents worldwide
• Can represent 256 2. Divide the total by 8 (to calculate the
languages number of bytes)
different characters • The first 256 characters
• American Standard Code 3. Divide by 1000 (1024) to convert to kB
are the same as ASCII
For Information • The UK typically use 16-
Interchange ((Characters x bits per character)/8)/1000
bit ASCII = Text file size
• 16 bits can represent
1,112, 064 characters
Key Terms - pages 11-12 • Universal Character
Command Words – page 64 Encoding 11
12
 What is binary? Images 1.2 Memory & Storage
Binary is a system used by Images appear as Binary representation of images
computer to represent the thousands of pixels. A pixel
presence, or not, of is the smallest piece of an
electricity. 1 = True, 0 = False image. Each pixel is stored Binary colour codes
as a binary number in a
computer to represent its
Bits colour and location in the
image.
Colours are stored as bits in
computers, this is known as Calculating the file size of
the colour depth. The more an image
bits, the more colours that Count the number of pixels
can be used in an image. wide and high of the image
1 bit = 2 colours and multiply them together (as
2 bits = 4 colours you would find the area of a
3 bits = 8 colours square) this is known as the
4 bits = 16 colours resolution.
Then, multiply the colour
depth to the answer and add
10% for metadata (data about
Key Terms - pages 11-12 data).
Command Words – page 64 ((width x height) x colour
depth) + 10% = file size 13
 Analogue Sound
Specific Key Terms
These are the natural sounds
1.2 Memory & Storage
Analogue Sound – This refers to sounds
we hear in the world around Sound
us. An analogue sound wave
that are all around us in the non-digital
looks curved as sound is
world
represented.
Digital Sound – This refers to sound that
has been digitized for use by a computer, Sampling
represented using 1s and 0s. Amplitude
Frequency – The time period for a single The height of the sound
Samples are taken from sound waves at regular
wave wave represents the intervals so it can be converted to Binary. The sample
Pitch – This refers to the sound of the note, volume of the sound. rate is the number of samples taken in one second.
eg a high or low pitch (sound) High = loud!
Sampling – Taking a sample of the sound
This is measured in Hertz (Hz).
wave at certain time intervals
Sample Rate – A number to show how Pitch Samples are taken at the closest binary point which
many samples of the wave are taken per
second The closer the waves are can cause a sound to not be as accurate as the original
Sample resolution – The number of bits together (frequency) the analogue sound.
used to represent the voltage recorded at a higher the pitch of the
section of the wave sound. Close = high pitch
Sound Waves – A pattern of movement
that moves away from the sound source

Calculating file size

Sample rate x Sample resolution x Duration = Sound file size (in bits) / 8 / 1000 = file size (in KB)

Key Terms - pages 11-12

Command Words – page 64
14
 What is compression? What is lossless compression? 1.2 Memory & Storage
Compression is a way of reducing a Compression
file size. This reduces the amount of
Lossless compression reorders
space that is required on physical the data in the file to reduce its
storage, or the bandwidth required overall size. No data is lost and
to upload/download or stream a file is re-arranged to its original Exam Style Questions
and is quicker to read / write. state once opened.
1. Describe three benefits of compression [3]
Lossless compression is suitable
for text files.
What is lossy compression?

Lossy compression reduces the size 2. Describe the differences between lossy and
of a file by permanently removing lossless compression [4]
data which is deemed unnecessary.
This could be high or low pitched
sounds which are inaudible to the
human ear.

Lossy compression is suitable for 3. A student needs to compress a Microsoft

images and sound files but is NOT Word document to send in an email. Suggest
suitable for text files. which type of compression they should use
and why. [2]

Key Terms - pages 11-12

Command Words – page 64
15
 Main task British Value:
Individual Liberty:
You may choose the

Complete ONE of the following task questions you would like

to answer.

Steps to Success Not sure One idea Multiple ideas Linking ideas Applying ideas

Lesson I don’t I can list I can explain I can compare I can calculate the
objective: be know two types the different and contrast size of an audio file
able to anything of sounds character between bit rate using the bit rate
explain and about a sets.Complete quiz
and colour depth. and time.
Complete page 8 Complete quiz 2 on
calculate how soundson the worksheet 1 on the the worksheet.
worksheet.
sound is
Skill needed: Resilience:
stored in the
believing in ourselves and viewing challenges as opportunities
Start at your most
computer.
challenging question.
for better learning.
End of Lesson (EOL)
Steps to Success Not sure One idea Multiple ideas Linking ideas Applying ideas

Lesson I don’t I can list two I can explain I can compare I can calculate
objective: be know types of sounds the different and contrast the size of an
able to anything character sets. between bit audio file using
explain and about a rate and colour the bit rate and
calculate how sounds depth. time.
sound is
stored in the
computer.
 Skill needed:
Reflectiveness:
thinking about what
we are good at and
what we need to do to
improve to become
better learners

LO: be able to understand and explain the purpose of the CPU.