Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

VTU QUETIONS AND ANSWERS

Unit – 1
ROLLING LOAD AND INFLUENCE LINES

1. What is an influence line? Explain its importance in structural analysis.

(June/July 2014)

Influence lines offer a quick and easy way of performing multiple analyses for a
single structure. Response parameters such as shear force or bending moment at a point or
reaction at a support for several load sets can be easily computed using influence lines.

For example, we can construct influence lines for (shear force at B ) or (bending
moment at) or (vertical reaction at support D ) and each one will help us calculate the
corresponding response parameter for different sets of loading on the beam AD (Figure 2).

Figure 2 Different response parameters for beam AD

An influence line is a diagram which presents the variation of a certain response

parameter due to the variation of the position of a unit concentrated load along the length of
the structural member. Let us consider that a unit downward concentrated force is moving
from point A to point B of the beam shown in Figure 3a. We can assume it to be a wheel of
unit weight moving along the length of the beam. The magnitude of the vertical support
reaction at A will change depending on the location of this unit downward force. The
influence line for (Figure3b) gives us the value of for different locations of the moving unit

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

load. From the ordinate of the influence line at C, we can say that when the unit load is at
point C .

Figure 3b Influence line of for beam AB

Thus, an influence line can be defined as a curve, the ordinate to which at any
abscissa gives the value of a particular response function due to a unit downward load acting
at the point in the structure corresponding to the abscissa. The next section discusses how to
construct influence lines using methods of equilibrium.

2. Draw the influence line diagram for bending moment at any section of a simply
supported beam. (June/July 2015)

The most basic method of obtaining influence line for a specific response parameter is to
solve the static equilibrium equations for various locations of the unit load. The general
procedure for constructing an influence line is described below.
1. Define the positive direction of the response parameter under consideration through
a free body diagram of the whole system.
2..For a particular location of the unit load, solve for the equilibrium of the whole
system and if required, as in the case of an internal force, also for a part of the member to
obtain the response parameter for that location of the unit load.This gives the ordinate of the
influence line at that particular location of the load.

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

3. Repeat this process for as many locations of the unit load as required to determine
the shape of the influence line for the whole length of the member. It is often helpful if we
can consider a generic location (or several locations) x of the unit load.
4. Joining ordinates for different locations of the unit load throughout the length of the
member, we get the influence line for that particular response parameter. The following three
examples show how to construct influence lines for a support reaction, a shear force and a
bending moment for the simply supported beam AB .

3. Show that for maximum bending moment at any section of a simply supported
girder traversed by a moving uniformly distributed load shorter than the girder
span, the section should divide the uniformly distributed load in the same ratio
as it divides the girder span. (June/July 2015)

Solution:

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

4. A uniformly distributed load of 5kN/m and 5m long side across a beam of 15m
long simply supported at its both ends. Determine Max bending moment and
shear force at a section 6m from left hand support. (Dec 2014/Jan2015)

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

5. Find the shear force at ‘x’ using influence line diagram, for the beam shown in
fig

80kN/m 90kN

1m 2m x 1m 1m 2m

(Dec 2015/Jan 2016, June/July2016)

Fixed End Moment:

MFAB = = = -19.2 kN-m

MFBA = = = 28.8 kN-m

MFBC = = = -30 kN-m

MFCB = = = 30 kN-m

Slope Deflection Equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)

0
.
= -19.2 + (2θA + θB) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -19.2+0.6EI θB

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB)

0
.
= 28.8 + (2θB + θA)

MBA = 28.8 + 1.2EI θB

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

= -30 + (2θB + θC)

MBC = -30 +1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MCB = MFCB + (2θC + θB)

= 30 + (2θC + θB)

MCB = 30 +1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB

Apply the condition of Equilibrium

MBA + MBC = 0 and MCB = 0

At ‘B’

MBA + MBC = 0

28.8 + 1.2EI θB -30 +1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC = 0

2.533EI θB + 0.667EI θC = 1.2 1

At ‘c’

MCB = 0

30 +0.667EI θC + 0.667EI θB = 0

0.667EI θB+ 1.33EI θC = -30 2

Solving Eq 1 and 2

. .
θB = θC =

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Unit – 2
SLOPE DEFLECTION METHOD

1. Derive the slope deflection equation with usual notations. (June/July 2014)

Required Mab & Mba in term of (1) θA, θB at joint

(2) rotation of member (R)
(3) loads acting on member

First assume:-
Get Mfab & Mfba due to acting loads. These fixed and moment must be corrected to allow
for the end rotations θA,θB and the member rotation R. The effect of these rotations will be
found separately.

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

2. Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig by slope deflection method and draw
bending moment diagram. Support B sinks by 10mm. Take EI = 3000kN-m2
(Dec 2014/Jan 2015)
100kN 10kN/m

A B C
3m 2m 6m
2I I
Fixed End Moment:

MFAB = = = -19.2 kN-m

MFBA = = = 28.8 kN-m

MFBC = = = -30 kN-m

MFCB = = = 30 kN-m

Slope Deflection Equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)

0
.
= -19.2 + (2θA + θB) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -19.2+0.6EI θB

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB)

0
.
= 28.8 + (2θB + θA)

MBA = 28.8 + 1.2EI θB

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

= -30 + (2θB + θC)

MBC = -30 +1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MCB = MFCB + (2θC + θB)

= 30 + (2θC + θB)

MCB = 30 +1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Apply the condition of Equilibrium

MBA + MBC = 0 and MCB = 0

At ‘B’

MBA + MBC = 0

28.8 + 1.2EI θB -30 +1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC = 0

2.533EI θB + 0.667EI θC = 1.2 1

At ‘c’

MCB = 0

30 +0.667EI θC + 0.667EI θB = 0

0.667EI θB+ 1.33EI θC = -30 2

Solving Eq 1 and 2

. .
θB = θC =

Substitute the above values in the S-D Equation

MAB = -19.2+0.6EI θB
MAB = -14.76 kN-m

MBA = 28.8 + 1.2EI θB

MBA = 37.68 kN-m

MBC = -30 +1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MBC = -37.68 kN-m

MCB = 30 +1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB

MCB = 0

Support Reaction
10kN/m
14.8 40kN 37.68 37.68 0

VA VB1 VB2 VC

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

VA = 11.424kN, VB1 = 28.576kN, VB2 = 36.28kN and VC = 23.72kN

VB = VB1+ VB2 = 58.734kN
36.28

11.424 11.424

+ +
A B C
_

+ 23.72

28.576 28.576

SFD
48kN-m 40kN-m

37.68kN-m
+ +

_
14.8kN-m
_

BMD

3. Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig by slope deflection method and draw
bending moment diagram. (June/July 2015)

30kN 60kN 60kN

A B C D
4m, I 2m I 2m 2m 2I 4m

Fixed End Moment:

MFAB = = = -17.78 kN-m

MFBA = = = 8.89 kN-m

MFBC = = = -26.67 kN-m

MFCB = = = 26.67 kN-m

MFCD = MCD = -10 X 2 = -20kN-m

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Slope Deflection Equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)

0
= -17.78 + (2θA + θB) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -17.78+1.33EI θB

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB)

0
= 8.89 + (2θB + θA)

MBA = 8.89 + 2.67EI θB

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

.
= -26.67 + (2θB + θC)

MBC = -26.67 +1.5EI θB + 0.75EI θC

MCB = MFCB + (2θC + θB)

.
= 26.67 + (2θC + θB)

MCB = 26.67 +1.5EI θC + 0.75EI θB

Apply the condition of Equilibrium

MBA + MBC = 0 and MCB+MCD = 0

At ‘B’

MBA + MBC = 0

8.89 + 2.67EI θB-26.67 +1.5EI θB + 0.75EI θC = 0

4.17EI θB + 0.75EI θC = 17.78 1

At ‘c’

MCB+MCD = 0

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

26.67 +1.5EI θC + 0.75EI θB -20= 0

0.75EI θB+ 1.5EI θC = -6.67 2

Solving Eq 1 and 2

. .
θB = θC =

Substitute the above values in the S-D Equation

MAB = -17.78+1.33EI θB
MAB = -10.3426 kN-m
MBA = 8.89 + 2.67EI θB
MBA = 23.703 kN-m

MBC = -26.67 +1.5EI θB + 0.75EI θC

MBC = -23.703 kN-m
MCB = 26.67 +1.5EI θC + 0.75EI θB
MCB = 20kN-m
MCD = -20kN-m

Support Reaction
20kN/m
10.34 40kN 23.74 23.74 20 20

VA VB1 VB2 VC

VA = 22.21kN, VB1 = 17.79kN, VB2 = 40.935kN and VC = 49.065kN

VB = VB1+ VB2 = 58.734kN

40.94

22.21 22.21
10 10
+ +
A B C + D

+ _
17.79 17.79

SFD 39.056

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

26.67kN-m 40kN-m

23.7kN-m
+ +

_
10.38kN-m 20kN-m
_ _

BMD

Elastic Curve

4. Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig by slope deflection method and draw
bending moment diagram. (June/July 2014)
30kN 15kN/m
A B C

2m 2m 3m

2m

20kN

3m

Fixed End Moment:

MFAB = = = 9.6kN-m

MFBA = = = -14.4kN-m

MFBC = − = − = -22.5 kN-m

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MFCB = + = + = 22.5 kN-m

MFBD = = = 9.6kN-m

MFDB = = = -14.4kN-m

Slope Deflection Equation

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

0
= -22.5 + (2θB + θC)

MBC = -22.5+EI θB

MCB = MFCB + (2θC + θB)

0
= 22.5+ (2θC + θB)

MCB = 22.5+0.5EI θB

MBD = MFCD + (2θB + θD)

0
= 9.6+ (2θB + θD)

MBD = 9.6+0.8EI θB

MDB = MFDC + (2θD + θB)

0
= 0+ (2θD + θB)

MDB = -14.4+0.4EI θB

Apply the condition of Equilibrium

At ‘B’

MBA + MBC+ MBD = 0

45-22.5+EI θB+9.6+0.8EI θB = 0

1.8EI θB = -32.1 1

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

.
θB =

Substitute the above value in the S-D Equation

MBA = 45kN-m
MBC = -22.5+EI θB
MBC = -40.33 kN-m
MCB = 22.5+0.5EI θB
MCB = 13.585kN-m

MBD = 9.6+0.8EI θB
MBD = -4.67kN-m

MDB = -14.4+0.4EI θB
MDB = -21.52kN-m

5. Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig by slope deflection method and draw
bending moment diagram. (Dec2015/Jan2016)

20kN 20kN/m 50kN/m

A B C D

1m 3m 2m 2m

4m

Fixed End Moment:

MFAB = 0

MFBA = -20 X1= -20kN-m

MFBC = = = -120 kN-m

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MFCB = = = 120 kN-m

MFCE = MFEC = 0

Slope Deflection Equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)

0
=0+ (2θA + θB) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = 0.5EI θB

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB)

0
=0+ (2θB + θA)

MBA = EI θB

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

= -120 + (2θB + θC)

MBC = -120+1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MCB = MFCB + (2θC + θB)

= 120+ (2θC + θB)

MCB = 120+1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB

MCD = MFCD + (2θC + θD)

0
= 0+ (2θC + θD)

MCD = EI θC

MDC = MFDC + (2θD + θC)

0
= 0+ (2θD + θC)

MDC = 0.5EI θC

Apply the condition of Equilibrium

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MBA + MBC = 0 and MCB+MCD = 0

At ‘B’

MBA + MBC = 0

EI θB -120+1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC = 0

2.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC = 120 1

At ‘c’

MCB+MCD = 0

120+1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB+EI θC = 0

0.667EI θB+ 2.33EI θC = -120 2

Solving Eq 1 and 2

. .
θB = θC =

Substitute the above values in the S-D Equation

MAB = 0.5EI θB
MAB = 36.14 kN-m
MBA = EI θB
MBA = 72.28kN-m

MBC = -120+1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MBC = -71.6 kN-m
MCB = 120+1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB
MCB = 72.3kN-m

MCD = EI θC
MCD = -72.26kN-m

MDC = 0.5EI θC

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MDC = -36.14kN-m 180

72 72

- -

72 72

- -

+ +
36.14 36.14
BMD

6. Analyse the continuous beam shown in fig by slope deflection method and draw
bending moment diagram. Support B sinks by 10mm. Take EI = 3000kN-m2
(June/July 2016)
40kN 20kN/m

A B C
3m 2m 6m
2I I
Fixed End Moment:

MFAB = = = -19.2 kN-m

MFBA = = = 28.8 kN-m

MFBC = = = -30 kN-m

MFCB = = = 30 kN-m

Slope Deflection Equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

0
.
= -19.2 + (2θA + θB) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -19.2+0.6EI θB

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB)

0
.
= 28.8 + (2θB + θA)

MBA = 28.8 + 1.2EI θB

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

= -30 + (2θB + θC)

MBC = -30 +1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MCB = MFCB + (2θC + θB)

= 30 + (2θC + θB)

MCB = 30 +1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB

Apply the condition of Equilibrium

MBA + MBC = 0 and MCB = 0

At ‘B’

MBA + MBC = 0

28.8 + 1.2EI θB -30 +1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC = 0

2.533EI θB + 0.667EI θC = 1.2 1

At ‘c’

MCB = 0

30 +0.667EI θC + 0.667EI θB = 0

0.667EI θB+ 1.33EI θC = -30 2

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Solving Eq 1 and 2

. .
θB = θC =

Substitute the above values in the S-D Equation

MAB = -19.2+0.6EI θB
MAB = -14.76 kN-m

MBA = 28.8 + 1.2EI θB

MBA = 37.68 kN-m

MBC = -30 +1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MBC = -37.68 kN-m

MCB = 30 +1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB

MCB = 0

Support Reaction
10kN/m
14.8 40kN 37.68 37.68 0

VA VB1 VB2 VC

VA = 11.424kN, VB1 = 28.576kN, VB2 = 36.28kN and VC = 23.72kN

VB = VB1+ VB2 = 58.734kN
36.28

11.424 11.424

+ +
A B C
_

+ 23.72

28.576 28.576

SFD

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

48kN-m 40kN-m

37.68kN-m
+ +

_
14.8kN-m
_

BMD

Elastic Curve

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Unit – 3
MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

1. Define i) Stiffness factor ii) Distribution Factor (June/July 2014)

Stiffness Factor (K) :-

Stiffness factor depends upon the support condition at the far end.

A B C

If the far end is continuous or fixed K =

If the far end is simply support or discontinuous K =

Ex: KAB = , KBA = , KBC = , KCB =

Distribution Factor(Δ):-
The unbalanced moments are distributed only at the intermediate supports, hence
distribution factors are calculated only at the intermediate supports.

ΔBA = or

ΔBC = or

2. Analyse continuous beam shown in the figure by moment distribution method.

Draw BMD, EC and SFD. (June/July 2015)

50kN 15kN/m 80kN

A B C D
2m 2m 5m 2m 3m

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = = = -25 kN-m

MFBA = = = 25 kN-m

MFBC = = = -31.25 kN-m

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MFCB = = = 31.25 kN-m

MFCD = = = -57.6 kN-m

MFDC = = = 38.4kN-m

Stiffness Factor(K)

KBA = = = EI

KBC = = = 0.8EI

KCB = = = 0.8EI

KCD = = = 0.8EI

Distribution Factor(Δ)
.
ΔBA = = .
= 0.56 ΔCB = = . .
= 0.5

. .
ΔBC = = .
= 0.44 ΔCD = = . .
= 0.5

Moment Distribution Table

A B C D
Δ 0.56 0.44 0.5 0.5
FEM -25 25 -31.25 31.25 -57.6 38.4
Balance +3.5 +2.75 +13.175 +13.175

Carry over 1.75 6.587 1.375 6.587

Balance -3.688 -2.89 -0.687 -0.687

Carry over -1.84 -0.343 -1.445 -0.343

Balance +0.192 +0.150 +0.722 +0.722

Carry over 0.096 0.361 0.075 0.361

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Balance -0.202 -0.158 -0.0375 -0.0375

Carry over -0.10 -0.018 -0.079 -0.018

Balance +0.01 +0.008 +0.04 +0.04

Carry over 0.005 0.02 0.004 0.02

Balance -0.01 -0.008 -0.002 -0.002
Final
-25 24.8 -24.8 44.39 -44.38 45
Moment

Support Reaction
15kN/m
25 50kN 24.8 24.8 44.39

VA VB1 VB2 VC1

44.39 80kN 45

VA VB1

VA = 25.05kN, VB1 = 24.95kN, VB2 = 33.6kN, VC1 = 41.42kN, VC2 = 47.878kN

VB = VB1+ VB2 = 58.55kN
VC = VC1+ VC2 = 89.20kN

33.6 47.87 47.87

25.05 25.05

+ + +

A B C D
- - -

24.95 24.95 32.12 32.12

41.42

SFD

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

96
50 46.9

45
+
44.39
+ +
25 24.8

- _ - -

BMD

3. Determine the support moments and draw the bending moment diagram for a
loaded beam shown in fig. Use moment distribution method. Ends A and D are
fixed (Dec2015/Jan2016)
40kN 10kN/m
A B C D
3m 2m 4m 5m

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = = = -19.2 kN-m

MFBA = = = 28.8 kN-m

MFBC = = = -13.33 kN-m

MFCB = = = 13.33 kN-m

MFCD = = = -20.83 kN-m

MFDC = = = 20.83 kN-m

Stiffness Factor(K)

KBA = = = 0.8EI

KBC = = = EI

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

KCB = = = EI

KCD = = = 0.6EI
Distribution Factor(Δ)
.
ΔBA = = .
= 0.44 ΔCB = = .
= 0.625

.
ΔBC = = .
= 0.56 ΔCD = = .
= 0.375

Moment Distribution Table

A B C D
Δ 0.44 0.56 0.625 0.375
FEM -19.2 28.8 -13.33 13.33 -20.83 20.83
Release D -20.83

Carry over -10.41

Initial -19.2 28.8 -13.33 13.33 -31.24 0
Moment

Balance -6.8 -8.66 11.19 6.72

Carry over -3.4 -5.59 -4.33 0

Balance -2.56 -3.14 2.78 1.62

Carry over -1.28 1.39 -1.57 0

Balance -0.616 -0.765 0.98 0.59

Carry over -0.31 0.49 -0.383 0

Balance -0.23 -0.27 +0.24 +0.144

Carry over -0.005 0.02 -0.004 0

Balance -0.053 -0.067 +0.084 +0.051

Carry over -0.027 0.042 -0.034 0

Balance -0.018 -0.023 -0.002 -0.013
Final
-24.34 18.54 -18.61 22.15 -22.15 0
Moment

Support Reaction

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

15kN/m
24.34 50kN 18.54 18.61 22.15

VA VB1 VB2 VC1

10kN/m

22.15 0

VA VB1

VA = 17.15kN, VB1 = 22.85kN, VB2 = 19.1kN, VC1 = 20.9kN, VC2 = 29.5kN

VB = VB1+ VB2 = 41.95kN
VC = VC1+ VC2 = 50.40kN
19.1 29.5

17.15 17.15

+ + +

A B C D
- - -

22.85 22.85 20.9 20.5

SFD
31.25
48 20

+
22.15
+ +
24.34 18.54

- _ -

BMD

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

4. Analyse the frame shown in fig, by moment distribution method. Draw the BMD.
(Dec2014/Jan2015)

150kN 50kN/m
A B C

2m 2m 3m

5m 5m

D E

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = = = -26.67 kN-m

MFBA = = = 26.67 kN-m

MFBC = = = -28.8 kN-m

MFCB = = = 19.2 kN-m

MFBD = = = 10 kN-m

MFDB = = = -10 kN-m

Stiffness Factor(K)

KBA = = = EI

KBD = = = EI

KBC = = = 0.6EI

Distribution Factor(Δ)

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 30

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

ΔBA = = .
= 0.385 ΔCB = = .
= 0.385

.
ΔBC = = .
= 0.23

Moment Distribution Table

AB BA BC CB BD DB
Δ 0.385 0.23 0.385
FEM -26.67 26.67 -28.8 19.2 10 -10
BalanceOH -19.2

Carry over -9.6

Initial -26.67 26.67 -38.4 0 10 -10
Moment

Balance 0.67 0.4 0.67

Carry over 0.335 0 0.335

Final
-26.34 27.33 -38 0 10.67 -9.67
Moment

180
88.64
+
-
63.65
-
63.67 88.1

+ -

_
27.3

48.29

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 31

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

5. Analyse the frame shown in fig, by moment distribution method. Draw the BMD.
(June/July 2016)

20kN/m 40kN

A B C
4m 2m 3m

2m

2m
D

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = = = -26.67 kN-m

MFBA = = = 26.67 kN-m

MFBC = = = -28.8 kN-m

MFCB = = = 19.2 kN-m

MFBD = = = 10 kN-m

MFDB = = = -10 kN-m

Stiffness Factor(K)

KBA = = = EI

KBD = = = EI

KBC = = = 0.6EI

Distribution Factor(Δ)

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 32

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

ΔBA = = .
= 0.385 ΔCB = = .
= 0.385

.
ΔBC = = .
= 0.23

Moment Distribution Table

AB BA BC CB BD DB
Δ 0.385 0.23 0.385
FEM -26.67 26.67 -28.8 19.2 10 -10
BalanceOH -19.2

Carry over -9.6

Initial -26.67 26.67 -38.4 0 10 -10
Moment

Balance 0.67 0.4 0.67

Carry over 0.335 0 0.335

Final
-26.34 27.33 -38 0 10.67 -9.67
Moment

48 48

38
+ +
27.33

26.34
_ -

10.67
-

20 +

-
9.67

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 33

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Unit – 4
SWAY ANALYSIS

1. Analyse the frame shown in the figure by slope deflection method Draw BMD
and EC (June/July 2014, Dec2014/Jan2015)

40kN/m

B 6m, 2I C

4m I 2I 6m

Fixed End Moment:

MFAB = 0

MFBA = 0

MFBC = = = -120 kN-m

MFCB = = = 120 kN-m

MFCD = MFDC = 0

Slope Deflection Equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB - )

0
=0+ (2θA + θB - ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = 0.5EI θB - 0.375EIδ

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB - )

0
=0+ (2θB + θA - )

MBA = EI θB – 0.375EIδ

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 34

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC- )

0
= -120 + (2θB + θC- )

MBC = -120+1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MCB = MFCB + (2θC + θB- )

0
= 120+ (2θC + θB- )

MCB = 120+1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB

MCD = MFCD + (2θC + θD- )

0
= 0+ (2θC + θD - )

MCD = 1.33EI θC - 0.33EIδ

MDC = MFDC + (2θD + θC - )

0
= 0+ (2θD + θC - )

MDC = 0.67EI θC - 0.33EIδ

Apply the condition of Equilibrium

MBA + MBC = 0 and MCB+MCD = 0

At ‘B’

MBA + MBC = 0

EI θB – 0.375EIδ-120+1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC = 0

2.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC – 0.375EIδ = 120 1

At ‘c’

MCB+MCD = 0

120+1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB+0.67EI θC - 0.33EIδ = 0

0.667EI θB+ 2.33EI θC - 0.33EIδ= -120 2

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 35

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Shear condition
B C
MBA MCD

4m 6m

HA A HD D
MAB MDC

HA = HD =

HA = 0.375EIθB – 0.1875EIδ HD = 0.33EIθC - 0.11EIδ

ΣH = 0

HA + HD = 0

0.375EIθB – 0.1875EIδ + 0.33EIθC - 0.11EIδ = 0

0.375EI θB+ 0.33EI θC - 0.296EIδ= 0 3

Solving Eq 1 , 2 and 3

. . .
θB = θC = δ=

Substitute the above values in the S-D Equation

MAB = .5EI θB - 0.375EIδ

MAB = 27.31 kN-m
MBA = EI θB – 0.375EIδ
MBA = 63.67kN-m

MBC = -120+1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MBC = -63.65 kN-m
MCB = 120+1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB
MCB = 88.64kN-m

MCD = 1.33EI θC - 0.33EIδ

MCD = -88.1kN-m

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 36

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MDC = 0.67EI θC - 0.33EIδ

MDC = -48.29kN-m
180
88.64
+
-
63.65
-
63.67 88.1

+ -

_
27.3

48.29

2. Analyse the portal frame using slope deflection method or using moment
distribution method. Sketch BMD and elastic curve. (June/July 2015)

80kN B 4m C
I δ

6m 2I 1.5I 4m

Non Sway Analysis

The sway in the frame is prevented by the force δ. As there are no loads on the
members, there are no FEM’s developed. Hence the final moments for non sway analysis will
be absent.
Apply the shear conditions to the vertical members

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 37

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

ΣH = 0,

HA + HD+80-δ= 0, δ = 80kN [HA = HD = 0]

Sway Analysis

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = MFBA = =

.
MFCD = MCD = =

= . =

Stiffness Factor(K)

KBA = = = 1.33EI

KBC = = = EI

KCB = = = EI

.
KCD = = = 1.5EI

Distribution Factor(Δ)
.
ΔBA = = .
= 0.57 ΔCB = = .
= 0.4

.
ΔBC = = .
= 0.43 ΔCD = = .
= 0.6

Moment Distribution Table

A B C D
Δ 0.57 0.43 0.4 0.6
FEM -16 -16 0 0 -27 -27
Balance +9.12 +6.88 +10.8 +16.2

Carry over 4.56 5.4 3.44 8.1

Balance -3.08 -2.32 -1.38 -2.06

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 38

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Carry over -1.54 -0.68 -1.16 -1.03

Balance +0.39 +0.29 0.464 +0.696

Carry over 0.194 0.232 0.146 0.348

Balance -0.13 -0.099 -0.0584 -0.088

Carry over -0.066 -0.029 -0.05 -0.044

Balance -0.0165 -0.0125 -0.02 -0.03
Final
-12.77 -9.68 -9.68 12.25 -12.25 -19.58
Moment

Shear Conditions

ΣH = 0, HA + HD + δ’= 0

HA = HD =

δ’ = 11.7kN

Sway correction factor, C = = .

= 6.84

Final Moment = Non sway moment + (C x Sway moment)

MAB = 0 + (6.84 X -12.77) = -87.35kN-m

MBA = 0 + (6.84 X -9.68) = -66.21kN-m

MBC = 0 + (6.84 X 9.68) = 66.21kN-m

MCB = 0 + (6.84 X 12.25) = -83.79kN-m

MCD = 0 + (6.84 X -12.25) = -83.79kN-m

MDC = 0 + (6.84 X -19.58) = -133.93kN-m

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 39

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

83.79

+
66.2 83.77

+ -
66.2

- 139.9

87.3

3. Analyse the portal frame using slope deflection method or using moment
distribution method. Sketch BMD and elastic curve.
(Dec2015/Jan2016)
10kN/m
B C

4m, I
2m, I

3m 2I D

A
Fixed End Moment:

MFAB = 0

MFBA = 0

MFBC = = = -120 kN-m

MFCB = = = 120 kN-m

MFCD = MFDC = 0

Slope Deflection Equation

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 40

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB - )

0
=0+ (2θA + θB - ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = 0.5EI θB - 0.375EIδ

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB - )

0
=0+ (2θB + θA - )

MBA = EI θB – 0.375EIδ

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC- )

0
= -120 + (2θB + θC- )

MBC = -120+1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MCB = MFCB + (2θC + θB- )

0
= 120+ (2θC + θB- )

MCB = 120+1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB

MCD = MFCD + (2θC + θD- )

0
= 0+ (2θC + θD - )

MCD = 1.33EI θC - 0.33EIδ

MDC = MFDC + (2θD + θC - )

0
= 0+ (2θD + θC - )

MDC = 0.67EI θC - 0.33EIδ

Apply the condition of Equilibrium

MBA + MBC = 0 and MCB+MCD = 0

At ‘B’

MBA + MBC = 0

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 41

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

EI θB – 0.375EIδ-120+1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC = 0

2.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC – 0.375EIδ = 120 1

At ‘c’

MCB+MCD = 0

120+1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB+0.67EI θC - 0.33EIδ = 0

0.667EI θB+ 2.33EI θC - 0.33EIδ= -120 2

Shear condition
B C
MBA MCD

4m 6m

HA A HD D
MAB MDC

HA = HD =

HA = 0.375EIθB – 0.1875EIδ HD = 0.33EIθC - 0.11EIδ

ΣH = 0

HA + HD = 0

0.375EIθB – 0.1875EIδ + 0.33EIθC - 0.11EIδ = 0

0.375EI θB+ 0.33EI θC - 0.296EIδ= 0 3

Solving Eq 1 , 2 and 3

. . .
θB = θC = δ=

Substitute the above values in the S-D Equation

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 42

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MAB = .5EI θB - 0.375EIδ

MAB = 27.31 kN-m
MBA = EI θB – 0.375EIδ
MBA = 63.67kN-m

MBC = -120+1.33EI θB + 0.667EI θC

MBC = -63.65 kN-m
MCB = 120+1.33EI θC + 0.667EI θB
MCB = 88.64kN-m

MCD = 1.33EI θC - 0.33EIδ

MCD = -88.1kN-m

MDC = 0.67EI θC - 0.33EIδ

MDC = -48.29kN-m
180
88.64
+
-
63.65
-
63.67 88.1

+ -

_
27.3

48.29

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 43

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

4. Analyse the frame by moment distribution method. (June/July 2016)

20kN/m
B C
8m, 2I δ

4m I I 4m

A D

Non Sway Analysis

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = MFBA = 0

MFCD = MCD = 0

MFBC = = -106.67kN-m

MFCB = = 106.67kN-m

Stiffness Factor(K)

KBA = = = EI

KBC = = = EI

KCB = = = EI

KCD = = = 0.75EI

Distribution Factor(Δ)

ΔBA = = 0.5 ΔCB = = 0.57

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 44

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

ΔBC = = 0.5 ΔCD = = 0.43

Moment Distribution Table

A B C D
Δ 0.5 0.5 0.57 0.43
FEM 0 0 -106.67 106.67 0 0
Balance 53.33 53.33 -60.8 -45.87

Carry over 26.67 -30.4 26.69 0

Balance 15.2 15.2 -15.2 -11.47

Carry over 7.6 -7.6 7.6 0

Balance 3.8 3.8 -4.33 -3.27

Carry over 1.9 -2.17 1.9 0

Balance 1.09 1.09 -1.083 -0.82

Carry over -0.54 -0.54 0.54 0

Balance 0.27 0.27 -0.31 -0.133

Carry over -0.135 -0.15 0.135 0

Balance 0.077 0.077 -0.077 -0.058

Carry over -0.039 -0.03 0.039 0

Balance 0.019 0.019 -0.02 -0.0167
Final
36.85 73.76 -73.76 61.72 -61.72 0
Moment

Apply the shear conditions to the vertical members

ΣH = 0,

HA + HD - δ= 0,

HA = HD =

δ = 12.22kN

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 45

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Sway Analysis

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = MFBA =

MFCD = MFCD =

= = =
Moment Distribution Table
A B C D
Δ 0.5 0.5 0.57 0.43
FEM -10 -10 0 0 -10 -10
Release D 10

Carry over 5
Initial
-10 -10 0 0 -5 0
Moment
Balance 5 5 2.85 2.15

Carry over 2.5 1.425 2.5 0

Balance -0.72 -0.72 -1.43 -1.1

Carry over -0.36 -0.713 -0.36 0

Balance 0.36 0.36 0.21 0.15

Carry over 0.18 0.11 0.18 0

Balance -0.055 -0.055 -0.103 -0.077

Carry over -0.028 -0.0513 -0.028 0

Balance 0.026 0.026 0.016 0.012
Final
-7.71 -5.34 5.34 3.84 -3.84 0
Moment

Shear Conditions

ΣH = 0, HA + HD + δ’= 0

HA = HD =

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 46

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

δ’ = 4.23kN

.
Sway correction factor, C = = .
= 2.89

Final Moment = Non sway moment + (C x Sway moment)

MAB = 36.85 + (2.89 X -7.71) = 14.66kN-m

MBA = 73.76 + (2.89 X -5.34) = 58.15kN-m

MBC = -73.76 + (2.89 X 5.34) = -58.14kN-m

MCB = 61.70 + (2.89 X 3.84) = 72.84kN-m

MCD = -61.72 + (2.89 X -3.84) = -72.82kN-m

MDC = 0 + (2.89 X 0) = 0 160

+
-

- 72.8
58.14

- -

_
14.6

BMD

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 47

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

PART - B
Unit – 5
KANI’S METHOD

1. Analyse the beam shown in fig by Kani’s method and draw the bending moment
diagram and the shear force diagram. (June/July 2015, Dec2015/Jan2016)

30kN/m 180kN 20kN/m

A B C D
8m, 1.5I 4m 2I 8m 6m, I

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = = = -160 kN-m

MFBA = = = 160 kN-m

MFBC = = = -320 kN-m

MFCB = = = 160 kN-m

MFBD = = = -60 kN-m

MFDB = = = 60 kN-m

Stiffness Factor(K)
.
KBA = = = 0.75EI

KBC = = = 0.67EI

KCB = = = 0.67EI

KCD = = = 0.67EI

Distribution Factor(Δ)
.
UBA = -1/2 [ ] = -1/2[ . .
] = -0.265

.
UBC = -1/2 [ ] = -1/2 [ . .
] = -0.235

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 48

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

.
UCB =-1/2 [ ] =-1/2 [ . .
] = -0.25

.
UCD =-1/2 [ ] =-1/2 [ . .
] = -0.25

B C

A -0.265 -0.235 -0.25 -0.25 D

-160 160 -160 -320 160 100 -60 60
M’BA M’BC M’CB M’CD
42.4 37.6 -34.4 -34.4
51.52 45.684 -36.42 -36.42
52.05 46.16 -36.54 -36.54
52.08 46.19 -36.55 -36.55
52.08 46.19 -36.55 -36.55

M’BA = 52.08 M’BC = 46.19 M’CB = -36.55 M’CD = -36.55

Final Moments
MAB = MFAB + 2 M’AB + M’BA

MAB = -160 + 2 X (0) + 52.08 = -107.92kN-m

MBA = 160 + 2 X (52.08) + 0 = 264.16kN-m

MBC = -320 + 2 X (46.19) – 36.42 = -264.17kN-m

MCB = 160 + 2 X (-36.42) + 46.19 = 133.1kN-m

MCD = -60 + 2 X (-36.55) – 0 = -133.1kN-m

MDC = 60 + 2 X (0) – 36.55 = 23.45kN-m

480

264
240
+ 133.1
107 - 90
+
- -
-

A B C D
BMD

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 49

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

2. Analyse the Frame shown in fig by taking advantage of symmetry. Draw BMD
(Dec2014/Jan2015)
40kN/m
B C

6m

3m 3m

A D

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = 0

MFBA = 0

MFBC = = = -320 kN-m

MFCB = = = 160 kN-m

MFCD = MFCD = 0

Stiffness Factor(K)
.
KBA = = = 0.75EI

KBC = = = 0.5EI

KCB = = = 0.67EI

Distribution Factor(Δ)
.
UBA = -1/2 [ ] = -1/2[ . .
] = -0.3

.
UBC = -1/2 [ ] = -1/2 [ . .
] = -0.2

.
UCB =-1/2 [ ] =-1/2 [ .
] = -0.5

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 50

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

B C

A -0.3 -0.2 -0.5 0 D

-160 160 -60 -220 360 0 -360 0
M’BA M’BC
18 12

M’BA = 18 M’BC = 12

Final Moments
MAB = MFAB + 2 M’AB + M’BA

MAB = -160 + 2 X (0) + 18 = -142kN-m

MBA = 160 + 2 X (18) + 0 = 196kN-m

MBC = -220 + 2 X (12) + 0 = -196kN-m

MCB = 360kN-m

MCD = -360kN-m

3. Analyse the Frame shown in fig by kani’s Method. Draw BMD (June/July 2016)

30kN 30kN 10kN/m

A B C
1m 2m 1m 4m

3m

20kN
2m
D

Fixed End Moments:

MFAB = - = - = -22.5 kN-m

MFBA = - = + = 22.5 kN-m

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 51

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MFBD = = = 9.6 kN-m

MFDB = = = -14.4 kN-m

MFBC = MBC = -10 x 4 x 2 = -80 kN-m

Stiffness Factor(K)
.
KBA = = = 0.75EI

KBC =0

KBD = = = 0.8EI

Distribution Factor(Δ)

UBA = -1/2 [ ] = -1/2[ .

] = -0.278 UBC = 0

.
UCB =-1/2 [ ] =-1/2 [ .
] = -0.22

A -0.278 0 C
-22.5 22.5 -47.5 -80
M’BA -0.22 M’BC
13.32 9.6 M’BD
10.54

14.4
D
M’BA = 13.32 M’BC = 10.54

Final Moments
MAB = MFAB + 2 M’AB + M’BA

MAB = -22.5 + 2 X (0) + 13.32 = -9.18kN-m

MBA = 22.5 + 2 X (13.32) + 0 = 49.14kN-m

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 52

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MBC = -80

MBD = 9.6 + 2 X (10.54) + 0 = 30.68kN-m

MDB = -14.4 + 2 X (0) + 10.54 = -3.86kN-m

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 53

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Unit – 6
FLEXIBILITY MATRIX METHOD

1. Analyse the frame shown in fig. By Flexibility Matrix Method and sketch BMD
(Dec2015/Jan2016, Dec2014/Jan2015)

60kN/m 100kN
A B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m

Static Indeterminacy SI = 2 (MA and MB)

MA and MB are the redundant
Let us remove the redundant to get primary determinate structure

60kN/m 100kN

A B B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m

120/EI 75/EI

A’ B’ B’ C’

Δ1L
[ΔL] =
Δ2L

Δ1L = Rotation at A = SF at A’

Δ1L = ½ [2/3 X 4 X ]

Δ1L =

Δ2L = Rotation at A = SF at B’

= VB1’ + VB2’

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 54

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Δ2L = ½ [2/3 X 4 X ] + ½ [1/2 X 3 X ]

.
Δ2L =

160
[ΔL] =
216.25

Note: The rotation due to sagging is taken as positive. The moments producing due to
sagging are also taken as positive.

To get Flexibility Matrix

Apply unit moment to joint A

1kN-m
A B B C

δ11 δ12
[F] =
δ21 δ22

.
δ11 = = =

.
δ21 = = =

Apply unit moment to joint A

1kN-m 1kN-m
A B B C

.
δ12 = = =

.
δ22 = + = + =

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 55

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

δ11 δ12 1.33 0.67

[F] = =
δ21 δ22 0.67 1.33

Apply the flexibility equation

[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}

0
[Δ] =
0

-1
1.33 0.67 0 160
[P] = EI -
0.67 1.33 0 216.25

MAB -86.00
[P] = = kN-m
MBA -68.08

120

86 +
75
68
-
- +

BMD

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 56

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

2. Analyse the beam shown in fig by flexibility method and draw bending moment
diagram (June/July 2014)

40kN/m 120kN 20kN/m

A B C D
12m 4m 8m 12m

Static Indeterminacy SI = 2 (MB and MC)

MB and MC are the redundant
Let us remove the redundant to get primary determinate structure

40kN/m 120kN

A B B C
12m 4m 8m

720/EI 320/EI

A’ B’ B’ C’

20kN/m

C D
12m

360/EI

C’ D’

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 57

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Δ1L
[ΔL] =
Δ2L

Δ1L = Rotation at B = SF at B’

= VB1’ + VB2’

.
Δ1L =

Δ2L = Rotation at C = SF at C’

= VC1’ + VC2’

.
Δ2L =

3946.67
[ΔL] =
2293.33

To get Flexibility Matrix

Apply unit moment to joint A

1kN-m 1kN-m
A B B C

δ11 δ12
[F] =
δ21 δ22

δ11 = + = + =

δ21 = = =

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 58

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Apply unit moment to joint A

1kN-m 1kN-m
B C C D

δ12 = = =

δ22 = + = + =

δ11 δ12 8 2
[F] = =
δ21 δ22 2 8

Apply the flexibility equation

[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}

0
[Δ] =
0

-1
8 2 0 3946
[P] = EI -
2 8 0 2293

MAB -449.97
[P] = = kN-m
MBA -174.22

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

120

86 +
75
68
-
- +

BMD

3. Analyse the continuous beam by flexibility method, support B sinks by 5mm.

Sketch the BMD and EC given EI = 15 X 103 kN-m2
(June/July 2014)

30kN/m 120kN
A B C
6m, 2I 2m I 2m

NOTE: In this case of example with sinking of supports, the redundant should be selected as
the vertical reaction.
Static indeterminacy is equal to 2. Let VB and VC be the redundant, remove the redundant to
get the primary structure.

A’ B’ C’

120/EI

240/EI
480/EI
A’ B’ C’

270/EI

Δ1L
[ΔL] =
Δ2L

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Δ1L = Displacement at B in primary determinate structure = BM at B’ in conjugate beam

Δ1L = [ X 6 X X (2/3 X 6) ] + (6 X X 6/2) + [ X 6 X X (3/4 X 6) ]

Δ1L =

Δ2L = Displacement at C in primary determinate structure = BM at C’ in conjugate beam

Δ2L = [ X 6 X X (2/3 X 6 + 4) ] + (6 X X 6/2 + 4) + [ X 6 X X (3/4 X 6 +4) ]

Δ2L =

8910
[ΔL] =
19070

To get Flexibility Matrix

Apply unit Load at B

A B C
6m 4m
1kN
3/EI

A’ B’ C’

δ11 δ12
[F] =
δ21 δ22

δ11 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6) =

δ21 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6 + 4) =

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Apply unit load at C

A B C
6m 4m
1kN
5/EI
4/EI

2/EI

A’ B’ C’
δ12 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6) – [6 X X (6/2)] =

.
δ22 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6 + 4) – [6 X X (6/2 + 4)] - X 4 X X (2/3 X 4) =

δ11 δ12 -36 -72

[F] = =
δ21 δ22 -72 -177.33

Apply the flexibility equation

[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}

0.005
[Δ] =
0

-1
-36 -72 0.005 8910
[P] = EI -
-72 -177.33 0 19070

VB 161.43
[P] = = kN-m
VC 41.98

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Support Reaction
120kN
MA 30kN/m MB MB 0

VA VB1 VB2 VC

VA = 96.64kN, VB1 = 83.36kN, VB2 = 78.07kN, VC = 41.98kN

VB = VB1+ VB2 = 161.43kN

MA 112.48
= kN-m
MB 72.28

135

112.48 +
120
72.28
-
- +

BMD

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

4. Analyse the beam shown in fig by flexibility method and draw bending moment
diagram (June/July 2016)

10kN/m 50kN

A B C
8m 4m 2m

Static Indeterminacy SI = 2 (MA and MB)

MA and MB are the redundant
Let us remove the redundant to get primary determinate structure

10kN/m 50kN

A B B C
8m 4m 2m

120/EI 75/EI

A’ B’ B’ C’

Δ1L
[ΔL] =
Δ2L

Δ1L = Rotation at A = SF at A’

Δ1L = ½ [2/3 X 4 X ]

Δ1L =

Δ2L = Rotation at A = SF at B’

= VB1’ + VB2’

Δ2L = ½ [2/3 X 4 X ] + ½ [1/2 X 3 X ]

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

.
Δ2L =

160
[ΔL] =
216.25

Note: The rotation due to sagging is taken as positive. The moments producing due to
sagging are also taken as positive.

To get Flexibility Matrix

Apply unit moment to joint A

1kN-m
A B B C

δ11 δ12
[F] =
δ21 δ22

.
δ11 = = =

.
δ21 = = =

Apply unit moment to joint A

1kN-m 1kN-m
A B B C

.
δ12 = = =

.
δ22 = + = + =

δ11 δ12 1.33 0.67

[F] = =
δ21 δ22 0.67 1.33

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Apply the flexibility equation

[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}

0
[Δ] =
0

-1
1.33 0.67 0 160
[P] = EI -
0.67 1.33 0 216.25

MAB -86.00
[P] = = kN-m
MBA -68.08

120

86 +
75
68
-
- +

BMD

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 66

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Unit – 7
STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD

1. Analyse the frame shown in fig. By Stiffness Matrix Method and sketch BMD
(June/July 2014)

100kN 30kN/m
A B C
2m 2I 3m I, 3m

3m I

Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 2 (θB & θC)

100kN 30kN /m
A B C
2m 2I 3m I, 3m

3m I

[P1L] = MFBA - MFBC + MFCD

= - = 25.5kN-m

[P2L] = MFCB = = 22.5kN-m

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 67

Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

P1L 25.5
[PL] = = kN-m
P2L 22.5

Apply unit displacement at joint B.

A B C

K11 = + + = + + = 4.267EI (θ=1)

K21 = = = 0.67EI
Apply unit displacement at joint C.

A B C

K12 = = = 0.67EI
K22 = = = 1.33EI
By condition of equilibrium at joint B

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

[P] = 0

[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}

-1
4.267 0.67 0 25.5
[Δ] = -
0.67 1.33 0 22.5

θB -3.604
=
θC -15.01

Slope deflection equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)
0
.
= -72 + (2θA + ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -74.88kN-m

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB)

0
.
= 72 + (θA + 2 )

MBA = 42.23kN-m

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

. .
= -22.5 + (2 + )

MBC = -37.37kN-m

MBD = MFBD + (2θB + θD)

.
=0+ (2 + 0)

MBD = -4.81kN-m

MDB = MFDB + (2θD + θB)

.
=0+ (2 0 + )

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MDB = -2.402kN-m

MCB = 0

2. Analyse the frame shown in fig. By Stiffness Matrix Method and sketch BMD
(June/July 2016, Dec2014)

60kN/m 100kN
A B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m

Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 2 (θB & θC)

60kN/m 100kN
A B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m

[P1L] = MFBA + MFBC

= + (− )= - = 42.5kN-m

[P2L] = MFCB = = = 37.5kN-m

P1L 42.5
[PL] = = kN-m
P2L 37.5

Apply unit displacement at joint B.

A B C

K11 = + = + = 2.33EI (θ=1)

K21 = = = 0.67EI

Apply unit displacement at joint B.

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

A B C

K12 = = = 0.67EI
K22 = = = 1.33EI
By condition of equilibrium at joint B
[P] = 0
[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}
-1
2.33 0.67 0 42.5
[Δ] = -
0.67 1.33 0 37.5

θB -11.88
=
θC -22.19

Slope deflection equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)
0
.
= -80 + (2θA - ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -85.94kN-m

MBA = MFBA + (2θB + θA)

0
.
= 80 + (2 X + θA)

MBA = 68.12kN-m

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

. .
= -37.5 + (2 X + )

MBC = -68.6kN-m

MCB = 0

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

120
75
+
68.6
86 - _ +

BMD

3. Analyse the continuous beam shown in figure by stiffness method. Support B

sinks by 300/EI units and support C sinks by 200/EI units
(June/July 2015, Dec2015/Jan2016)

100kN 60kN
A B C
4m 4m 4m 4m

Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 2 (θB & θC)

100kN 60kN
A B C
8m 4m 4m

[P1L] = MFBA + MFBC - -

= - – + = 21.25kN-m

[P2L] = MFCB - = + = 69.38kN-m

P1L 21.25
[PL] = = kN-m
P2L 69.38

Apply unit displacement at joint B.

A B C

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

K11 = + = + = EI (θ=1)

K21 = = = 0.25EI
Apply unit displacement at joint B.

A B C

K12 = = = 0.25EI
K22 = = = 0.50EI
By condition of equilibrium at joint B
[P] = 0
[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}
-1
1 0.25 0 21.25
[Δ] = -
0.25 0.50 0 69.38

θB 15.36
=
θC -146.44

Slope deflection equation

( )
MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB – )
0
. ( / )
= -100 + (2θA + - ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -124.29kN-m

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB - )

0
. ( / )
= 100 + (θA + 2 - )

MBA = 79.55kN-m

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC - )

. . ( / )
= -60 + (2 + - )

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

MBC = -79.55kN-m

MCB = 0

200
120
+
79.5
124.3 - _ +

BMD

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Unit – 8
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF DYNAMICS

1. Explain the following

a. Period and frequency
b. Dampimg
c. Forced vibration
d. Single degree of freedom system
(June/July 2015, June/July 2016, Dec2015/Jan2016)

a. Time Period: - The time required for motion of one cycle is called time period.

Vibration
Parameter

Time
Frequency: - Frequency is a no of cycle per unit time.

Vibration
Parameter

Time

b. Damping: - It is the interval resistance to the motion of a body

c. Forced Vibration: - It is the vibration under external Excitation.

d. Degree of freedom: - It is the no of independent co-ordinate required to determine

(define) the displacement configuration at any time is called the degree of freedom.
x
y

X (1DOF)

Y (1DOF)

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

2. Develop the solution for a differential equation of a body, when it is under free
undamped vibration. (Dec2015/Jan2016, June/July 2016)

Approach:- consider a single degree of freedom spring mass system as shown in

figure which oscillates about the mean position as shown in the figure.

Mass

Let the y(t) = Asinwnt 1

The velocity is

Y1(t) = Awncoswnt
= Awnsin(wnt + π/2) 2
The velocity is

Y2(t) = -Awn2sinwnt
= Awn2sin(wnt + π) 3

Y2(t) = -wn2 y(t)

Hence Y2(t) = -wn2 y(t)

Acceleration is proportional to the displacement

Y2(t) + wn2 y(t) = 0
But
wn2 =

Y2(t) + y(t) = 0

Y2(t) m + k y(t) = 0

m y2(t) = inertia force

k y(t) = Spring force

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

3. Develop the solution for a differential equation of a body, when it is under free
damped vibration. (Dec2015/Jan2016, June/July 2014)

Model :- A Mathematical representation of a physical system/a physical process

Mass

Spring Dashpot

Physical system Model

Let us consider a displacement OP as y = Asinwnt 1

Where,
y = displacement vector
A = Amplitude
wn = natural circular frequency
Differentiate 1 w.r.t ‘t’
Y1 = A wn sinwnt
= A wn [ sin(wnt + π/2)] 2

Differentiate 2 w.r.t ‘t’

Y2 = -A wn2 sinwnt
= A wn2[ sin(wnt + π)] 3

Y2(t) = -wn2 y(t)

Hence Y2(t) = -wn2 y(t)

Acceleration is proportional to the displacement

Y2(t) + wn2 y(t) = 0

But
wn2 =

Y2(t) + y(t) = 0

Y2(t) m + k y(t) = 0
Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 77
Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

m y2(t) = inertia force

k y(t) = Spring force

4. Determine the natural frequency and time period of the system as shown in fig.
Take E = 2.1 x 105 N/mm2 and I = 13 x 106 mm4 (Dec2014/Jan2015)

4m

K = 1200kN/mm

500kg

K = 120kN/mm

500kg

To find the natural frequency

f=

T=

= 2π

m= = .
=

= 0.05096

T = 2π .

T = 0.004 sec

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 78