Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

UNIT-6
FLEXIBILITY MATRIX METHOD

The systematic development of consistent deformation method in the matrix form has
lead to flexibility matrix method. The method is also called force method. Since the basic
unknowns are the redundant forces in the structure.
This method is exactly opposite to stiffness matrix method.
The flexibility matrix equation is given by

[P] [F] = {[Δ] – [ΔL]}

[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}

Where,
[P] = Redundant in matrix form
[F] = Flexibility matrix
[Δ] = Displacement at supports
[ΔL]= Displacement due to load

1. Analyse the continuous beam shown in the figure by flexibility matrix method, draw
BMD

60kN/m 100kN
A B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m

Static Indeterminacy SI = 2 (MA and MB)

MA and MB are the redundant
Let us remove the redundant to get primary determinate structure

60kN/m 100kN

A B B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m

120/EI 75/EI

A’ B’ B’ C’

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Δ1L
[ΔL] =
Δ2L

Δ1L = Rotation at A = SF at A’

Δ1L = ½ [2/3 X 4 X ]

Δ1L =

Δ2L = Rotation at A = SF at B’

= VB1’ + VB2’

Δ2L = ½ [2/3 X 4 X ] + ½ [1/2 X 3 X ]

.
Δ2L =

160
[ΔL] =
216.25

Note: The rotation due to sagging is taken as positive. The moments producing due to
sagging are also taken as positive.

To get Flexibility Matrix

Apply unit moment to joint A

1kN-m
A B B C

δ11 δ12
[F] =
δ21 δ22

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

.
δ11 = = =

.
δ21 = = =

Apply unit moment to joint A

1kN-m 1kN-m
A B B C

.
δ12 = = =

.
δ22 = + = + =

δ11 δ12 1.33 0.67

[F] = =
δ21 δ22 0.67 1.33

Apply the flexibility equation

[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}

0
[Δ] =
0

-1
1.33 0.67 0 160
[P] = EI -
0.67 1.33 0 216.25

MAB -86.00
[P] = = kN-m
MBA -68.08

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53
120

86 +
75
68
-
- +

BMD

2. Analyse the continuous beam shown in the figure by flexibility matrix method, draw
BMD

40kN/m 120kN 20kN/m

A B C D
12m 4m 8m 12m

Static Indeterminacy SI = 2 (MB and MC)

MB and MC are the redundant
Let us remove the redundant to get primary determinate structure

40kN/m 120kN

A B B C
12m 4m 8m

720/EI 320/EI

A’ B’ B’ C’

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

20kN/m

C D
12m

360/EI

C’ D’

Δ1L
[ΔL] =
Δ2L

Δ1L = Rotation at B = SF at B’

= VB1’ + VB2’

.
Δ1L =

Δ2L = Rotation at C = SF at C’

= VC1’ + VC2’

.
Δ2L =

3946.67
[ΔL] =
2293.33

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

To get Flexibility Matrix

Apply unit moment to joint A

1kN-m 1kN-m
A B B C

δ11 δ12
[F] =
δ21 δ22

δ11 = + = + =

δ21 = = =

Apply unit moment to joint A

1kN-m 1kN-m
B C C D

δ12 = = =

δ22 = + = + =

δ11 δ12 8 2
[F] = =
δ21 δ22 2 8

Apply the flexibility equation

[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}

0
[Δ] =
0

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

-1
8 2 0 3946
[P] = EI -
2 8 0 2293

MAB -449.97
[P] = = kN-m
MBA -174.22

120

86 +
75
68
-
- +

BMD

SINKING OF SUPPORT

1. Analyse the continuous beam by flexibility method, support B sinks by 5mm. Sketch
the BMD and EC given EI = 15 X 103 kN-m2

30kN/m 120kN
A B C
6m, 2I 2m I 2m

NOTE: In this case of example with sinking of supports, the redundant should be selected as
the vertical reaction.
Static indeterminacy is equal to 2. Let VB and VC be the redundant, remove the redundant to
get the primary structure.

A’ B’ C’

120/EI

240/EI
480/EI

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

A’ B’ C’

270/EI

Δ1L
[ΔL] =
Δ2L

Δ1L = Displacement at B in primary determinate structure = BM at B’ in conjugate beam

Δ1L = [ X 6 X X (2/3 X 6) ] + (6 X X 6/2) + [ X 6 X X (3/4 X 6) ]

Δ1L =

Δ2L = Displacement at C in primary determinate structure = BM at C’ in conjugate beam

Δ2L = [ X 6 X X (2/3 X 6 + 4) ] + (6 X X 6/2 + 4) + [ X 6 X X (3/4 X 6 +4) ]

Δ2L =

8910
[ΔL] =
19070

To get Flexibility Matrix

Apply unit Load at B

A B C
6m 4m
1kN
3/EI

A’ B’ C’

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

δ11 δ12
[F] =
δ21 δ22

δ11 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6) =

δ21 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6 + 4) =

Apply unit load at C

A B C
6m 4m
1kN
5/EI
4/EI

2/EI

A’ B’ C’

δ12 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6) – [6 X X (6/2)] =

.
δ22 = - X 6 X X (2/3 X 6 + 4) – [6 X X (6/2 + 4)] - X 4 X X (2/3 X 4) =

δ11 δ12 -36 -72

[F] = =
δ21 δ22 -72 -177.33

Apply the flexibility equation

[P] = [F]-1{[Δ] – [ΔL]}

0.005
[Δ] =
0

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

-1
-36 -72 0.005 8910
[P] = EI -
-72 -177.33 0 19070

VB 161.43
[P] = = kN-m
VC 41.98

Support Reaction
120kN
MA 30kN/m MB MB 0

VA VB1 VB2 VC

VA = 96.64kN, VB1 = 83.36kN, VB2 = 78.07kN, VC = 41.98kN

VB = VB1+ VB2 = 161.43kN

MA 112.48
= kN-m
MB 72.28

135

112.48 +
120
72.28
-
- +

BMD

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

UNIT-7
STIFFNESS MATRIX METHOD

The systematic development of slope deflection method in the matrix form has lead to
Stiffness matrix method. The method is also called Displacement method. Since the basic
unknowns are the displacement at the joint.

The stiffness matrix equation is given by

[Δ] [K] = {[P] – [PL]}

[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}

Where,
[P] = Redundant in matrix form
[F] = Stiffness matrix
[P] = Final force at the joints in matrix form
[PL]= force at the joints due to applied load in matrix form

1. Analyse the continuous beam by Stiffness method Sketch the BMD

20kN/m 120kN
A B C
6m 3m 3m

Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 1 (θB)

20kN/m 120kN
A B C
6m 3m 3m

[PL] = MFBA + MFBC

= + (− )= -

[PL] = -30kN-m
Apply unit displacement at joint B.

A B C

[K] = + = + = 1.33EI (θ=1)

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

By condition of equilibrium at joint B

[P] = 0

[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}

= {[P] – [PL]}

.
θB = .
{[0] – [-30]} =

Slope deflection equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)
0
.
= -60 + (2θA + ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -52.5kN-m

MBA = MFBA + (2θB + θA)

0
.
= 60 + (2 X + θA)

MBA = 75.04kN-m

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

.
= -90 + (2 X + 0)

MBC = -75kN-m

MCB = MFCB + (2θC + θB)

.
= 90 + (0 + )

MCB = 97.52kN-m
120
90
+ 97.5

+ 75
52.5 _ -
-

BMD

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

2. Analyse the continuous beam by Stiffness method Sketch the BMD

60kN/m 100kN
A B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m

Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 2 (θB & θC)

60kN/m 100kN
A B C
4m 1.5m 1.5m

[P1L] = MFBA + MFBC

= + (− )= - = 42.5kN-m

[P2L] = MFCB = = = 37.5kN-m

P1L 42.5
[PL] = = kN-m
P2L 37.5

Apply unit displacement at joint B.

A B C

K11 = + = + = 2.33EI (θ=1)

K21 = = = 0.67EI

Apply unit displacement at joint B.

A B C

K12 = = = 0.67EI
K22 = = = 1.33EI

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

By condition of equilibrium at joint B

[P] = 0
[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}
-1
2.33 0.67 0 42.5
[Δ] = -
0.67 1.33 0 37.5

θB -11.88
=
θC -22.19

Slope deflection equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)
0
.
= -80 + (2θA - ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -85.94kN-m

MBA = MFBA + (2θB + θA)

0
.
= 80 + (2 X + θA)

MBA = 68.12kN-m

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

. .
= -37.5 + (2 X + )

MBC = -68.6kN-m

MCB = 0

120
75
+
68.6
86 - _ +

BMD

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Sinking of support

1. Analyse the continuous beam shown in figure by stiffness method. Support B sinks by
300/EI units and support C sinks by 200/EI units

100kN 60kN
A B C
4m 4m 4m 4m

Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 2 (θB & θC)

100kN 60kN
A B C
8m 4m 4m

[P1L] = MFBA + MFBC - -

= - – + = 21.25kN-m

[P2L] = MFCB - = + = 69.38kN-m

P1L 21.25
[PL] = = kN-m
P2L 69.38

Apply unit displacement at joint B.

A B C

K11 = + = + = EI (θ=1)

K21 = = = 0.25EI
Apply unit displacement at joint B.

A B C

K12 = = = 0.25EI

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

K22 = = = 0.50EI
By condition of equilibrium at joint B
[P] = 0
[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}
-1
1 0.25 0 21.25
[Δ] = -
0.25 0.50 0 69.38

θB 15.36
=
θC -146.44

Slope deflection equation

( )
MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB – )
0
. ( / )
= -100 + (2θA + - ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -124.29kN-m

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB - )

0
. ( / )
= 100 + (θA + 2 - )

MBA = 79.55kN-m

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC - )

. . ( / )
= -60 + (2 + - )

MBC = -79.55kN-m

MCB = 0

200
120
+
79.5
124.3 - _ +

BMD
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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Analysis of frames
1. Analyse the frame by stiffness method

100kN 30kN /m
A B C
2m 2I 3m I, 3m

3m I

Kinematic Indeterminacy KI = 2 (θB & θC)

100kN 30kN /m
A B C
2m 2I 3m I, 3m

3m I

[P1L] = MFBA - MFBC + MFCD

= - = 25.5kN-m

[P2L] = MFCB = = 22.5kN-m

P1L 25.5
[PL] = = kN-m
P2L 22.5

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

Apply unit displacement at joint B.

A B C

K11 = + + = + + = 4.267EI (θ=1)

K21 = = = 0.67EI
Apply unit displacement at joint C.

A B C

K12 = = = 0.67EI
K22 = = = 1.33EI
By condition of equilibrium at joint B
[P] = 0

[Δ] = [K]-1{[P] – [PL]}

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Structural Analysis – II 10CV53

-1
4.267 0.67 0 25.5
[Δ] = -
0.67 1.33 0 22.5

θB -3.604
=
θC -15.01

Slope deflection equation

MAB = MFAB + (2θA + θB)
0
.
= -72 + (2θA + ) (θA = 0 due to fixity at support A)

MAB = -74.88kN-m

MBA = MFBA + (2θA + θB)

0
.
= 72 + (θA + 2 )

MBA = 42.23kN-m

MBC = MFBC + (2θB + θC)

. .
= -22.5 + (2 + )

MBC = -37.37kN-m

MBD = MFBD + (2θB + θD)

.
=0+ (2 + 0)

MBD = -4.81kN-m

MDB = MFDB + (2θD + θB)

.
=0+ (2 0 + )

MDB = -2.402kN-m

MCB = 0

Dept. of Civil Engg., SJBIT Page 85