Inula L. Secondary Metabolites against Oxidative Stress-Related Human Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Radical Scavenging Activity of Secondary Metabolites from Inula Species Determined Using DPPH and ABTS Methods
3. Secondary Metabolites from Inula Species against Oxidative-Stress Related Diseases
3.1. Inflammation
3.2. Diabetes
3.3. Neurological Damages
3.4. Carcinogenesis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
3T3-L1 | Mouse adipocytes cells |
26-M01 | Murine aggressive colorectal cancer |
A549 | Human lung carcinoma |
ABTS | 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid |
AChE | Acetylcholinesterase |
AD | Alzheimer disease |
ADR | Adriamycin |
AML | Acute myeloid leukemia |
Aβ | Amyloid-β |
BALB/c | Strain of laboratory mouse |
Bax | Bcl-2-associated X |
Bcl-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
BV-2 | Mouse microglia cells |
b.w. | Body weight |
C57BL/6J | Strain of laboratory mouse |
CB | Celecoxib |
CHO | Normal hamster cell line |
CNS | Central nervous system |
COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase 2 |
CRC | Colorectal cancer |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
DPPH | 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl |
DPP-IV | Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 |
FAK | Focal adhesion kinase |
FLIP | FLICE-inhibitory protein |
GBM | Glioblastoma multiforme |
GLP-1 | Glucagon-like peptide 1 |
GSH | Glutathione |
GSR | Glutathione reductase |
GSSG | Glutathione disulphide |
H460 | Human lung carcinoma |
H9c2 | Rat cardiomyoblasts |
HaCaT | Nontumorigenic human epidermal cells |
HAT | Hydrogen-atom transfer |
HCT 116 | Human colon cancer |
HeLa | Human cervical carcinoma |
HEp-2 | Human larynx epidermal carcinoma |
HepG2 | Human hepatocellular carcinoma |
HL-60 | Human acute promyelocytic leukemia |
HO-1 | Heme oxygenase-1 |
HUVEC | Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells |
IC50 | Half maximal inhibitory concentration |
IKK | IκB kinase |
IκB-α | Inhibitory κB-α |
IL-1 | Interleukin 1 |
IL-1β | Interleukin-1β |
IL-1R | Interleukin-1 receptor |
IL-4 | Interleukin 4 |
IL-6 | Interleukin 6 |
IL-6R | Interleukin 6 receptor |
iNOS | Inducible nitric oxide synthase |
JAK | Janus kinase |
Jurkat | Human acute T cell leukemia |
K562 | Human bone marrow chronic myelogenous leukemia |
K562/A02 | Human chronic myelogenous leukemia multidrug-resistant |
KG1a | Human acute monocytic leukemia |
LPS | Lipopolysaccharide |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
MCP1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 |
MDA | Malondialdehyde |
MDA-MB-231 | Human breast adenocarcinoma |
MDA-MB-453 | Human breast metastatic carcinoma |
MDA-MB-468 | Human breast adenocarcinoma (ethnicity: black) |
MMP | Mitochondrial membrane potential |
mRNA | Messenger ribonucleic acid |
NCI-H716 | Human colorectal adenocarcinoma |
NF-κB | Nuclear factor kappa-B |
NO | Nitric oxide |
NQO1 | NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 |
Nrf2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
PANC-1 | Human pancreatic epithelioid carcinoma |
PGE2 | Prostaglandin E2 |
PPARα | Peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor α |
RAW 264.7 | Macrophage normal cell line |
RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
RNS | Reactive nitrogen species |
SET | Single-electron transfer |
SGC-7901 | Gastric carcinoma |
SH-SY5Y | Human neuroblastoma |
SI | Selectivity index |
SMT | 2-methyl-2-thiopseudourea sulphate |
SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
Src | Steroid receptor coactivator |
STAT | Signal transducer and activator of transcription |
STAT3 | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 |
SVG | Normal human glial cell |
TBI | Traumatic brain injury |
THP-1 | Human acute monocytic leukemia |
TLR | Toll-like receptor |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor α |
TNFR | Tumor necrosis factor receptor |
TRAIL | TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand |
U87 | Human primary glioblastoma |
U118 | Human glioblastoma |
U251 | Human glioblastoma |
U937 | Human histiocytic lymohoma |
VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
VEGFR2 | Vascular endothelial growth factors receptor-2 |
XIAP | X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein |
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Compound | DPPH (Reference Compound) | ABTS (Reference Compound) | Inula Source |
---|---|---|---|
1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid (1) | 12 ± 0.4 (Ascorbic acid: 15 ± 0.01) [25] | Inula helenium [26] | |
β-caryophyllene (2) | 1.25 ± 0.06 (Ascorbic acid: 1.5 ± 0.03) [27] | Inula cappa (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) DC. * [28] | |
Caffeic acid (3) | 25.0 ± 1.7 (Ascorbic acid: 20.7 ± 1.31) ** [29] | 8.82 ± 0.33 (Ascorbic acid: 15.05 ± 2.61) ** [29] | Inula helenium [30] |
Chlorogenic acid (4) | 36.83 ± 0.76 (Caffeic acid: 35.02 ± 2.11) ** [31] | Inula ensifolia L. [32], Inula cappa [33], Inula helenium [34] | |
Isoquercitrin (5) | 12.68 ± 0.54 (Trolox: 18.10 ± 0.44) ** [35] | Inula japonica [36], Inula ensifolia [32], Inula helenium [34] | |
Kaempferol (6) | 27.18 ± 1.05 (Ascorbic acid: 20.72 ± 1.31) ** [29] 47.97 ± 0.03 (Ascorbic acid: 20.27 ± 0.11) ** [37] | 12.93 ± 0.52 (Ascorbic acid: 15.05 ± 2.61) ** [29] | Inula salsoloides (Turcz.) Ostenf. [38] |
Luteolin (7) | 6.69 ± 0.15 (Ascorbic acid: 16.88 ± 0.02) [39] | Inula japonica [36], Inula salsoloides [38], Inula britannica L. [40] | |
Quercetin (8) | 8.80 ± 0.79 (Ascorbic acid: 20.72 ± 1.31) ** [29] 19.75 ± 1.06 (Caffeic acid: 35.02 ± 2.11) ** [31] | 6.25 ± 1.09 (Ascorbic acid: 15.05 ± 2.61) ** [29]* | Inula japonica [36], Inula britannica [41], Inula helenium [34] |
Quercitrin (9) | 9.93 ± 0.38 (Trolox: 18.10 ± 0.44) [35] | Inula japonica [36], Inula ensifolia [32], Inula helenium [34] | |
Rutin (10) | 19.31 ± 0.39 (Caffeic acid: 35.02 ± 2.11) ** [31] | Inula helenium [34] |
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Tavares, W.R.; Seca, A.M.L. Inula L. Secondary Metabolites against Oxidative Stress-Related Human Diseases. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8050122
Tavares WR, Seca AML. Inula L. Secondary Metabolites against Oxidative Stress-Related Human Diseases. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(5):122. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8050122
Chicago/Turabian StyleTavares, Wilson R., and Ana M. L. Seca. 2019. "Inula L. Secondary Metabolites against Oxidative Stress-Related Human Diseases" Antioxidants 8, no. 5: 122. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8050122