Intragland Expression of the Shh Gene Alleviates Irradiation-Induced Salivary Gland Injury through Microvessel Protection and the Regulation of Oxidative Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Experiments
2.2. Salivary Flow Rate Detection
2.3. Cell Culture
2.4. Histology, Immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Immunofluorescence (IF) Analyses
2.5. Western Blot
2.6. Cell Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Senescence Assays
2.7. Quantitative RT-PCR
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Salivary Gland Transduction with Ad-Rat-Shh Effectively Alleviates IR-Induced Hyposalivation in Miniature Pigs
3.2. Intragland Shh Gene Delivery Increases Microvascular Density by Promoting the Expression of VEGF and CD31
3.3. Activation of the Hh Signaling Pathway Regulates Oxidative Stress in Salivary Gland Tissues
3.4. Overexpression of the Shh Gene Activates the Hh Signaling Pathway and Promotes Vascular Function in Endothelial Cells
3.5. Activation of the Hh Signaling Pathway Protects Endothelial Cells by Regulating the Apoptosis Signaling Pathway
3.6. The Overexpression of Shh Activates the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Irradiated Endothelial Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Hu, M.; Hu, L.; Yang, T.; Zhou, B.; Feng, X.; Fan, Z.; Shan, Z. Intragland Expression of the Shh Gene Alleviates Irradiation-Induced Salivary Gland Injury through Microvessel Protection and the Regulation of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 904. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080904
Hu M, Hu L, Yang T, Zhou B, Feng X, Fan Z, Shan Z. Intragland Expression of the Shh Gene Alleviates Irradiation-Induced Salivary Gland Injury through Microvessel Protection and the Regulation of Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(8):904. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080904
Chicago/Turabian StyleHu, Meijun, Liang Hu, Tao Yang, Bowen Zhou, Xuanhe Feng, Zhipeng Fan, and Zhaochen Shan. 2024. "Intragland Expression of the Shh Gene Alleviates Irradiation-Induced Salivary Gland Injury through Microvessel Protection and the Regulation of Oxidative Stress" Antioxidants 13, no. 8: 904. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080904