“DATA VISUALIZATION IN HEALTH CARE”

PROJECT REPORT (BCS358D)

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of

Bachelor of Engineering
In
Computer Science

Submitted to

Visvesvaraya Technological University

Belagavi – 590018, Karnataka.

Submitted By

Mr. Shivanand Aralikatti 2KE23CS126

Mr. Suhas Gosal 2KE23CS149
Mr. Tanzeel Ahamed 2KE23CS167
Mr. Veeresh Dhamanemath 2KE23CS177

Under the Guidance of

Ms. Suman Yaligar

Department of Computer Science & Engineering
(NBA Accredited)

K. L. E. SOCIETY’S
K. L. E. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to VTU, Approved by AICTE and ISO 21001:2018 Certified Institute)
(ALL UG PROGRAMS ARE ACCREDITED BY NBA)
Hubballi-27

2024-2025
 K. L. E. SOCIETY’S
K. L. E. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to VTU, Approved by AICTE and ISO 21001:2018 Certified Institute)
(ALL UG PROGRAMS ARE ACCREDITED BY NBA)
Hubballi-27
K.L.E.S
Department of Computer Science & Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mini Project work entitled “Data Visualization in Health Care” is a
Bonafide work carried out by Mr. Shivanand. H. Aralikatti (2KE23CS126), Mr. Suhas. K.
Gosal(2KE23CS149) ,Mr. Tanzeel Ahamed M M (2KE23CS167), Mr. Veeresh Dhamanemath
(2KE23CS177) in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in III
Semester, Computer Science and Engineering, K.L.E. Institute of Technology under the
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, during the year 2024-2025. It is certified that
all corrections/suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been incorporated in the report
deposited in the department library. The seminar report has been approved as it satisfies the
academic requirements in respect of seminar work prescribed for the said degree.

(Ms. Suman Yaligar) (Dr. Rajesh Y)

Faculty Adivisor HOD

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 DECLARATION

We, Shivanand. H. Aralikatti (2KE23CS126), Suhas. K. Gosal (2KE23CS149),Tanzeel

Ahamed M M (2KE23CS167), Veeresh Dhamanemath (2KE23CS177), Students of III
Semester B.E at K.L.E Institute of Technology, Hubbali .hereby declare that the project work
has been carried out by us and submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for III
Semester degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering of
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgavi during academic year 2023-2024.

Date: 23/12/2024
Place: Hubballi

Name of the Students:

[1] Mr. Shivanand.H

[2] Mr.Suhas K Gosal

[3] Mr. Tanzeel M M

[4] Mr.Veeresh D

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The project report on “Data Visualization in Health Care” is the outcome of guidance, moral
support and devotion bestowed on me throughout our work. For this we acknowledge and express
our profound sense of gratitude and thanks to our guide Ms. Suman Yaligar, we acknowledge that
we have learnt the importance of research and good presentation skills.

We feel deeply indebted to our HOD Dr. Rajesh Y for the constant support and encouragement in
all our endeavors. the academic ambience has helped us to excel in our academics.

We take this opportunity to offer our sincere thanks to our beloved Principal Dr. Manu T.M who
is always keen on enhancing the quality of teaching-learning and always a source of inspiration to
us.We would like to thank our Dean Academics Dr. Yerriswamy T for his constant encouragement
in our academic progress.

I want to extend my appreciation to Mrs. Suman Yaligar, our faculty advisor, for their valuable
contributions and guidance throughout the project. Their insights and advice have been crucial in
shaping the success of this endeavor.

Finally, we would like to thank all the staff of the Computer Science department for their valuable
help and support.

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 ABSTRACT

Heart disease continues to be a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative

tools for data analysis and prediction. This project addresses the problem by developing an integrated
solution that combines data visualization and machine learning to analyze heart disease patient data.
Using Python libraries like pandas, matplotlib, seaborn, and Plotly, the project explores critical
attributes such as age, cholesterol levels, chest pain types, and heart rate. Interactive visualizations
provide an intuitive understanding of the patterns and correlations within the dataset, highlighting the
factors associated with heart disease occurrence.

The core of the project is a machine learning model based on a Random Forest Classifier,
trained on the dataset to predict heart disease outcomes. Key preprocessing steps, including feature
scaling and train-test splitting, ensure the model's accuracy and reliability. The model's performance is
evaluated using metrics like precision, recall, and F1-score, providing valuable insights into its
effectiveness for clinical decision support. This predictive approach demonstrates the potential of
machine learning in identifying at-risk individuals.

Interactive dashboards and a user-friendly Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed with
Tkinter enhance the accessibility of the tool. Users can explore various visualizations, including
correlation heatmaps, radar charts, 3D scatter plots, and distribution graphs.

This project underscores the synergy between data science and healthcare by offering an
accessible, visually engaging, and predictive tool for heart disease analysis. It highlights the
importance of leveraging data-driven techniques to improve early diagnosis, risk assessment, and
decision-making processes in clinical settings.

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 CONTENTS

Certificate i

Declaration ii

Acknowledgement iii

Abstract iv

Chapter No. Chapter Name Page No.

1. Introduction 1

2. Project Definition 8

3. Program Tracing 11

4. Requirements 13

5. Implementations 16

Conclusion 27

References 28
Mini Project Report on “Data Visualisation in Health Care” 2024-25

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Overview:

In the evolving field of healthcare, leveraging technology to analyse medical data and
predict health outcomes is essential for improving patient care, facilitating research, and
enhancing decision-making. The Heart Disease Data Visualization and Prediction System
presented here is a comprehensive solution designed to address the critical needs of healthcare
professionals in understanding and analysing heart disease data.

• Project Name: Data Visualization in Healthcare

Objective:

The primary objective of this project is to provide a robust and user-friendly platform that
enables healthcare professionals to visualize patient data, identify key trends, and predict heart
disease occurrences. By combining advanced data visualization techniques with machine
learning models, the system aims to support early diagnosis, resource optimization, and data-
driven decision-making. And by leveraging predictive analytics, the platform can help
healthcare providers to take proactive measures, potentially improving patient outcomes and
reducing the severity of heart disease incidents.

Key Features:

1) Interactive Data Visualization:

• The system provides insightful visualizations such as correlation heatmaps,

distribution plots, radar charts, and 3D scatter plots to analyse patient data
effectively.

2) Machine Learning Model for Prediction:

• A Random Forest Classifier is implemented to predict heart disease occurrences,

enhancing the diagnostic process.

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3) Graphical User Interface (GUI):

• Featuring a Tkinter-based GUI, the system ensures a seamless and intuitive user
experience, simplifying complex data analysis tasks.

4) Statistical Insights:

• Computation and display of average statistics for key patient attributes such as age,
cholesterol levels, and maximum heart rate achieved.

5) Data Exploration Tools:

• Advanced tools for exploring relationships between patient attributes and heart
disease outcomes, such as facet grids and parallel coordinate plots.

6) Detailed Borrowing Records:

• Maintenance of comprehensive borrowing history, providing insights into resource

utilization and student reading patterns.

7) Error Handling and Data Validation:

• Robust mechanisms to ensure data integrity and reliability during analysis and
prediction.

8) Scalability for Future Enhancements:

• Designed to accommodate future advancements, such as the inclusion of additional

medical parameters or more sophisticated machine learning algorithms.

Benefits:

• Improved Diagnosis: Enables early detection of heart disease through predictive

modelling.
• Enhanced Resource Allocation: Provides healthcare professionals with insights into
resource optimization based on patient data trends.

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• Data-Driven Insights: Visualizations and statistical summaries empower users to

make informed clinical decisions.
• User-Friendly Interface: User-Friendly Interface: Simplifies interaction with data,
reducing the learning curve for medical and non-technical users.
• Error Minimization: Automated analysis reduces human errors, ensuring accurate
insights and predictions.
• Increased Accessibility: Interactive dashboards and visualizations enhance data
comprehension for a broader audience.

In essence, the Heart Disease Data Visualization and Prediction System serves as an
indispensable tool for healthcare professionals aiming to harness the power of data
visualization and machine learning for improved patient outcomes. The outlined features and
benefits establish a solid foundation for addressing the challenges of heart disease analysis in
modern healthcare settings.

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1.2.1 Flowchart and Algorithm:

1.2.1 Flowchart:

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1.2.2 Algorithm:

1) Initialize the Application:

• Import pandas, matplotlib.pyplot, seaborn, tkinter, ttk, messagebox, numpy, and

plotly.express.
• Import scikit-learn modules for data preprocessing and modeling.
• Create the Heart Disease Visualization class to encapsulate the GUI and functionalities.
• Set up the main window with a title, size, background color, and a theme (ttkthemes).

2) Load and Preprocess Data:

• Load Dataset:

i) Use pandas to load the heart disease dataset.

ii) Handle missing values or anomalies.
• Compute Summary Statistics:

i) Calculate averages (age, cholesterol, blood pressure, etc.).

ii) Store them for display in the GUI.

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3) GUI Setup:

• Create Frames:
i) Left Frame: For buttons to access different visualizations.
ii) Right Frame: To display dynamic content such as visualizations and analysis
results.
• Add Buttons for Functionalities:

i) Add Buttons for:

▪ Count of Heart Disease Occurrences

▪ Age Distribution by Heart Disease
▪ Distribution of Chest Pain Types
▪ Cholesterol Levels vs Age
▪ Maximum Heart Rate Achieved by Age
▪ Correlation Heatmap
▪ Interactive Plots
▪ Predictive Modeling

4) Define Button Functions:

• Create functions that will be triggered by button clicks.

• Visualization functions: Plot various graphs (bar, histogram, line, pie, etc.) for
different aspects of the dataset.
• Train and test the model using a classification algorithm (e.g., Random Forest).
• Clear the screen by removing current widgets.
• Exit the application by closing the main window.

5) Bind Function to Buttons:

• Link each button with its respective function so that when a user clicks a button, the
corresponding action is executed (e.g., generate a plot, train a model).

6) Add Plotting Area for Visualizations:

• Set up a dedicated area or canvas in the right frame to display the generated plots.
• Ensure that the plots update dynamically when the user interacts with the buttons.

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7) Run the Application:

• Start the Tkinter main event loop, which will display the GUI and allow for user
interaction (button clicks, plot generation).

8) Handle Errors and Exceptions:

• Include exception handling for errors such as missing data, invalid user input, or failures
during model training.

9) Enhance User Experience:

• Add titles, labels, and legends to the plots for better clarity.
• Improve GUI layout for a more user-friendly interface (e.g., resize buttons, organize
them logically).
• Add tooltips or text prompts to guide the user on what each button does.

10) Test and Debug:

• Thoroughly test the functionality of each button to ensure that visualizations and the
model training work as expected.
• Test the application for edge cases (e.g., empty dataset, invalid inputs).

11) Deploy Application:

• Package the application for distribution, if necessary, using tools like PyInstaller.
• Ensure that all necessary dependencies are included in the final package.

12) Exit Application:

• Define Exit to close the application.

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Mini Project Report on “Data Visualisation in Health Care” 2024-25

CHAPTER 2

PROJECT DEFINITION

2.1 Purpose and scope:

Purpose:

The purpose of this Data Visualization in Healthcare report is to demonstrate how data
visualization techniques can be applied to healthcare data, specifically to heart disease data, to
aid in understanding key health metrics and improve decision-making in medical practice. By
leveraging various graphical techniques, such as bar charts, histograms, scatter plots, and
interactive plots, the report aims to present insights into the factors contributing to heart disease
and predict outcomes based on medical data.

The objectives of this appplication is:

• Insight into Heart Disease Risk Factors: Visualization helps to uncover the relationship
between different patient attributes (age, cholesterol levels, blood pressure, etc.) and
the likelihood of heart disease
• Predictive Modelling: By incorporating predictive analytics, this report demonstrates
how machine learning models, specifically the Random Forest Classifier, can predict
heart disease risks based on historical data, supported by visualizations to assess the
model's performance.
• Improved Data Interpretation: The visualizations aim to present heart disease data in an
understandable and accessible manner, enabling healthcare professionals to quickly
interpret important metrics and trends.
• Interactive Visualizations: The use of interactive tools such as Plotly for scatter plots
and 3D visualizations enhances the user's ability to explore the data, making it easier to
identify patterns and correlations in real-time.
• Data – Driven Decision Making: This report demonstrates how the visualization of
healthcare data can guide decision-making, both for predicting patient outcomes and
for monitoring population health.

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Scope:

The scope of Data Visualization in Healthcare includes the following areas of focus:

1) Data Preprocessing:
• Load and clean heart disease data to ensure it is in the correct format for visualization.
• Handle missing data, normalize numerical features, and prepare datasets for machine
learning models.
2) Visualization Techniques:
• Bar Charts & Count Plots: To display the distribution of heart disease occurrences
and categorize patient data based on disease presence.
• Histograms & KDEs (Kernel Density Estimations): To visualize the age distribution
and how it correlates with heart disease.
• Pie Charts: For illustrating the distribution of chest pain types among patients.
• Line Plots: To track cholesterol levels and maximum heart rate as a function of age
and heart disease status.
• Scatter Plots: To visualize the relationship between age and maximum heart rate or
cholesterol levels.
• Facet Grids & Heatmaps: To display multiple distributions and correlations across
different patient features.
• Radar Charts & 3D Visualizations: To explore patient characteristics by heart disease
status in a multi-dimensional space.
3) Interactive Data Exploration:
• Utilize Plotly to create interactive visualizations, such as scatter plots and 3D plots,
allowing users to explore heart disease data dynamically.
4) Predictive Analytics and Model Evaluation:
• Visualize the performance of the Random Forest Classifier through classification
reports and other metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score.
• Compare model predictions with actual outcomes using data visualizations to assess
prediction accuracy.
5) User Interface for Visualizations:
• A graphical user interface (GUI) is created using Tkinter and ttkthemes to facilitate
user interaction with the visualizations.

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• Buttons in the interface allow users to select and view different plots, as well as train
and test predictive models based on the dataset.
6) Data-Driven Insights:
• Use visualizations to highlight key health insights, such as common cholesterol levels,
age groups at higher risk for heart disease, and other health trends.
• Help healthcare professionals visualize which factors most influence heart disease
prediction and decision-making.
7) Model Evaluation and Model Performance:
• Use model evaluation techniques, such as classification reports generated through
Scikit-learn, and display the results visually to aid in interpreting model performance.
8) Ethical and Data Security Considerations:
• Consider ethical aspects of healthcare data analysis, especially when dealing with
patient information. The importance of anonymizing and securing sensitive data is
emphasized, along with the need to ensure compliance with healthcare privacy
regulations.

This Project will showcase the integration of data visualization with predictive modeling in
healthcare, specifically for understanding and predicting heart disease risk based on various
medical factors. It will focus on presenting data in an accessible, informative, and interactive
manner to aid both clinical decisions and healthcare policy.

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CHAPTER 3

PROGRAM TRACING

Test Case 1: Open Application

• Input: User starts the application.

• Trace: Initialize necessary libraries and dependencies (Tkinter, ttk, pandas, etc.)., Load

dataset (heart_disease_data.csv) into a DataFrame. Calculate and display average

statistics (e.g., average age, cholesterol levels). Display the main GUI interface with

buttons for visualization and model training.

• Expected Output: Application window launches successfully with all features ready.

Test Case 2: Count of Heart Disease Occurrences

• Input: User clicks the "Count of Heart Disease Occurrences" button.

• Trace: Trigger the plot_count_of_heart_disease() function. Use seaborn to create a

count plot of the target column. Display the plot in a new window.

• Expected Output: A bar graph showing the count of heart disease occurrences (Yes

vs. No).

Test Case 3: Age Distribution by Heart Disease Status

• Input: User clicks the "Age Distribution" button.

• Trace: Trigger the plot_age_distribution() function. Use seaborn to create a histogram

of age grouped by target. Display the plot in a new window.

• Expected Output: A histogram showing age distribution for patients with and without

heart disease.

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Test Case 4: Train and Test Predictive Model

• Input: User clicks the "Train and Test Model" button.

• Trace: Trigger the train_predictive_model() function. Split data into features (X) and

target (y). Standardize features using StandardScaler. Train a RandomForestClassifier

on the training dataset. Predict on the test dataset. Calculate and display the

classification report using messagebox.

• Expected Output: A pop-up message box with the classification report (accuracy,

precision, recall).

Test Case 5: Visualize Chest Pain Distribution

• Input: User clicks the "Chest Pain Distribution" button.

• Trace: Trigger the plot_chest_pain_distribution() function. Use matplotlib to create a

pie chart of chest pain type (cp). Display the chart in a new window.

• Expected Output: A pie chart showing the distribution of different chest pain types.

Test Case 6: Interactive Scatter Plot

• Input: User clicks the "Interactive Scatter" button.

• Trace: Trigger the plot_interactive_scatter() function. Use plotly to create an

interactive scatter plot of age vs chol grouped by target. Display the plot in an

interactive browser window.

• Expected Output: An interactive scatter plot showing age and cholesterol levels.

Test Case 7: Logout

• Input: Choose the "Logout" option.

• Trace: Trigger the application root.destroy() or exit() command.
• Expected Output: Application closes successfully.

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CHAPTER 4

REQUIREMENTS

4.1 System Requirements of the Project:

➢ Processor:

• Minimum: 1 GHz or faster.

• Recommended: 2 GHz or faster dual core.

➢ Memory (RAM):

• Minimum: 512 MB.

• Recommended: 1 GB or more.

➢ Storage:

• Minimum: 50 MB free space (sufficient for dataset storage and program files).

• Recommended: 500 MB or more (to accommodate larger datasets, libraries, or

additional modules).

➢ Monitor:

• A monitor with a minimum resolution of 1024x768 for optimal visualization

clarity and ease of use.

➢ Keyboard and Mouse:

• Standard input devices for program execution and tesing.

➢ Network Connectivity:

• Minimum: Basic internet connection for initial setup and occasional updates.

• Recommended: Stable broadband connection for real-time data access

➢ Operating systems:

• Windows 7 or later, MACOS, and UBUNTU.

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4.2 Software Requirements:

➢ Python Interpreter:

A Python 3.x interpreter is required to run the program. The code is written in Python,
and a commonly used interpreter for all platforms is the Python Software Foundation's
official interpreter.

➢ Tkinter Library:

The Tkinter library is required for the graphical user interface. Tkinter is included with
Python installations by default, but ensure it is installed and available on your system.

➢ Operating System Compatibility:

The program is designed to run on Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems.
Minimal modifications may be needed for compatibility across different OS platforms.

➢ Text Editor or Integrated Development Environment (IDE):

A text editor or an integrated development environment is needed for viewing, editing,

and running the source code. Examples include Visual Studio Code, PyCharm, Atom,
or any other Python-compatible IDE.

➢ Console or Command Prompt:

The program relies on console-based input and output for some functionalities. Ensure
that the target system has a functioning console or command prompt for user
interaction.

➢ Dataset and File Handling Support:

The program uses Support for loading and processing CSV files (e.g., heart disease
dataset). Ensure the system has adequate storage for handling datasets. File operations
are required for handling user-provided datasets or configurations.

➢ Library Dependencies:

Ensure all necessary Python libraries and dependencies are installed. This may include
pandas, matplotlib, seaborn, numpy and os (standard library for file operations)

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4.2 Additional Requirements:

➢ Visualization Support:

The system must support rendering graphical outputs (e.g., histograms, bar charts,
scatter plots) in a graphical user interface.

➢ Customizable Visualization Options:

The application should allow users to customize visualizations, such as selecting

specific columns, filtering data, and choosing chart types (e.g., bar charts, pie charts,
line graphs).

➢ Graphical User Interface (GUI):

The program uses the Tkinter library for its GUI. Ensure that the Tkinter library is
functional, and the system supports GUI operations. The GUI must allow seamless
interaction for dataset selection and visualization options.

➢ Performance Optimization:

Ensure the system can handle large datasets without significant lag or performance
degradation. Include optimized data loading and rendering techniques to provide a
smooth user experience.

➢ Python Virtual Environment (Optional):

Using a virtual environment to manage dependencies and project-specific libraries is

recommended. Tools like venv or virtualenv can be used to create isolated
environments for the project.

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CHAPTER 5

IMPLEMENTATIONS

5.1 Program:

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5.2 Output:

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CONCLUSION

The Data Visualization for Healthcare project provides a comprehensive and user-centric
solution to address the challenges of interpreting and analysing healthcare data, specifically
heart disease datasets. By harnessing the power of Python for programming, Tkinter for an
interactive graphical user interface, and libraries such as Matplotlib and Pandas for advanced
data visualization and manipulation, the system bridges the gap between raw data and
actionable insights. The platform is designed to empower healthcare professionals, researchers,
and analysts by presenting critical data through visual representations like bar charts, pie charts,
and line graphs. These visual tools facilitate the identification of patterns, trends, and
anomalies, enabling more informed decision-making. Furthermore, the application supports
the seamless import and exploration of datasets, with features that allow users to filter and
analyse data effectively.

With its cross-platform compatibility, the system is deployable on various operating systems,
including Windows, macOS, and Linux, ensuring widespread usability. The project's
architecture is scalable and flexible, paving the way for future enhancements such as
integrating machine learning models for predictive analysis, enabling real-time data
visualization, Additional functionalities could include developing web-based and mobile
applications, which would expand accessibility and offer remote capabilities for users in
different settings. By addressing current needs and anticipating future trends, this project serves
as a significant advancement in utilizing technology to support healthcare decision-making and
improve patient outcomes. As healthcare data continues to grow in volume and complexity,
such tools are pivotal in unlocking its full potential to transform care delivery and research.

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REFERENCES

[1] McKinney, W. (2017). Python for Data Analysis. O'Reilly Media.

• A comprehensive guide to using Python for data manipulation and analysis, focusing
on Pandas and NumPy.
• ISBN: 978-1491957660

[2] VanderPlas, J. (2016). Python Data Science Handbook. O'Reilly Media.

• A detailed resource on using Python for data science, including visualization, machine
learning, and statistical analysis.
• ISBN: 978-1491912058

[3] Hunter, J. D., & The Matplotlib Community. (2007). Matplotlib Documentation.
• Covers detailed insights and usage of Matplotlib for generating visual plots and graphs.
• ISBN: 978-0137129293

[4] YouTube-

➢ Project 9. Heart Disease Prediction using Machine Learning with Python | Machine
Learning Projects

[6] Website-

➢ https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2021/05/a-complete-guide-to-data-
visualization-using-matplotlib-in-python/
• A practical guide to mastering Matplotlib for creating impactful visualizations in
Python

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