VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

"Jnana Sangama", Belgavi-590 018, Karnataka, India

An Internship Report
On
HEART DISEASE PREDICTION
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Submitted By
ANNAPUREDDY PRANATHI 1SJ18CS005

Carried out at
QUANT MASTERS
(#812, 6th cross 3rd main, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru - 560021)
Under the guidance of
Internal Guide External Guide
Mr. Apoorva S Mr.Shashank
Assistant Professor, Technical Lead,
Dept. of CSE, SJCIT. QUANT MASTERS

S J C INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CHIKKABALLAPUR-562101
2021-2022
COMPANY CERTIFICATE

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 DECLARATION

I, ANNAPUREDDY PRANATHI, student of VIII semester B.E in Computer science &

Engineering at S J C Institute of Technology, Chickballapur, hereby declare that the
Internship work entitled “ HEART DISEASE PREDICTION” has been independently
carried out by me under the supervision of Apoorva S Assistant Professor, and the
coordinator Swetha T Assistant Professor, submitted in partial fulfillment of the course
requirement for the award of degree in Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science
& Engineering of Visveswaraya Technological University, Belgavi during the year
2021-2022. I further declare that the report has not been submitted to any other University
for the award of any other degree.

PLACE: CHICKBALLAPUR ANNAPUREDDY PRANATHI

DATE:13/05/2022 USN:1SJ18CS005

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 ABSTRACT
Heart plays significant role in living organisms. Heart disease is one of the most
significant causes of mortality in the world today. Prediction of cardio vascular disease is
a critical challenge in the area of clinical data analysis. Diagnosis and prediction of
heartrelated diseases requires more precision, perfection and correctness because a little
mistake can cause fatigue problem or death of the person, there are numerous death cases
related to heart and their counting is increasing exponentially day by day. Machine
learning has been shown to be effective in assisting in making decisions and predictions
from the large quantity of data produced by the health care industry. Various studies give
only a glimpse into predicting heart disease with ML techniques. Here, we design a model
that aims at finding significant features by applying machine learning techniques resulting
in improving the accuracy in the prediction of heart disease. There are many to do
accomplish this task successfully, but how effective are they? Our main aim is to produce
an enhanced performance level with the good accuracy level through the prediction model
for heart disease with the SVM, KNN, Naïve Bayes, logistic regression & Random Forest
algorithms. It is estimated that on an average about 17 million people die of
cardiovascular diseases each year, which is about one third of total deaths across the
globe. In this proposed project we designed a model to detect and predict the accuracy of
heart disease. This system can provide most of the important features required to detect
heart disease with different algorithms. As we know the population is been increased day
by day the diseases of the people are increasing day by day, so with that we have to
upgrade with the technology constantly, it is becoming easy to track the behaviour and
pattern diseases and get cure at the early stages. To come up with the solution one can
make use of technologies with the increase of machine learning so it becomes feasible to
automate this process and to save someone's life by detecting the disease at an early
stages. Initially, we will collect the data set by users and classify it as trained and testing
dataset using different type's algorithm and decision trees. By using the feasible
algorithm, we can analyze the larger data-set and user provided current data set. Then
augment the accuracy of the result data. Proceeded with the application of processing of
some of the attributes provided which can find weather the user is having heart disease in
viewing the graphical model of data visualization. The performance of the techniques is
gauged based on accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, precision. The results are indicated
concerning the best accuracy for Random Forest is unit 80% respectively.

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
With reverential pranam, I express my sincere gratitude and salutations to the feet of his
holiness Byravaikya Padmabhushana Sri Sri Sri Dr. Balagangadharanatha Maha
Swamiji & his holiness Jagadguru Sri Sri Sri Dr. Nirmalanandanatha Swamiji of Sri
Adichunchanagiri Mutt for their unlimited blessings. First and foremost, I wish to express
my sincere gratitude to my institution, Sri Jagadguru Chandrashekaranathaswamiji
Institute of Technology for providing me an opportunity to complete my internship work
successfully.
I would like extend this deep sense of sincere gratitude to Dr. G T Raju,
Principal, S. J. C. Institute of Technology, Chickballapur, for providing everything
without which it would have been impossible to complete the Internship Work.
I extend special in-depth, heartfelt, and sincere gratitude to our HOD, Dr.
Manjunatha Kumar B H, Professor and Head of Department, Computer Science
and Engineering, S. J. C. Institute of Technology, Chickballapur, for his constant
support and valuable guidance of the Internship Work.
I convey our sincere thanks to Internship Internal Guide Prof. Swetha T,
Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, S. J. C.
Institute of Technology, for her constant support, guidance and suggestions.
I also feel immense pleasure to express deep and profound gratitude to our
Internship Coordinator’s Prof. Swetha T and Prof. Shrihari M R, Assistant Professor,
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, S J C Institute of Technology,
for his guidance and suggestions of the Internship Work.
Finally, I would like to thank all faculty members of Department of Computer
Science and Engineering, S. J. C. Institute of Technology, Chickballapur for their
support.
I also thank all those who extended their support and co-operation while bringing

out this Internship Report.

ANNAPUREDDY PRANATHI

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Certificate i

Declaration ii

Abstract iii

Acknowledgement iv

Contents v

List Of Figures vi

CHAPTER NO. CHAPTER TITLE PAGE NO.

1 Company Profile 1-3

1.1 History Of Organization 1

1.1.1 Objectives 1

1.1.2 Operations Of The Organization 2

1.2 Major Milestones 2

1.3 Structure Of The Organization 3

1.4 Services Offered 3

2 About The Department 4-7

2.1 Specific Functionalities Of The Department 4

2.2 Process Adopted 4

2.3 Testing 5

2.4 Structure Of The Department 6

2.5 Roles And Responsibilities Of Individuals 7

3 Task Performed 8-9

3.1 Introduction 8

3.2 Problem Statement 8

3.3 Technology Used 9

4 Reflection Notes 10-20

4.1 Experience 10
4.2 Technical Outcomes 10

4.3 System Analysis And Design 11

4.3.1 Existing System 11

4.3.2 Disadvantages Of The Existing System 11

4.3.3 Proposed System 11

4.3.4 Advantages Of The Proposed System 12

4.4 System Architecture 12

4.4.1 Data Flow Diagram 12

4.4.2 Use Case Diagram 13

4.4.3 Class Diagram 13

4.5 Implementation 14

4.5.1 Modules 14

4.6 Screenshots 15-20

5 Conclusion 21

Bibliography 22

Appendix 23
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Name Page No.

2.2 Software Development Life Cycle 4

2.4 Structure of Department 6

4.4.1 Data Flow Diagram 12

4.4.2 Use Case Diagram 13

4.4.3 Class Diagram 13

4.6.1 Python Libraries 15

4.6.2 Heart Dataset 15

4.6.3 Rows And Columns 15

4.6.4 Correlation Matrix 16

4..6.5 Graphs Of Dataset 16-18

4.6.6 Logistic Regression 18

4.6.7 KNeighbors Classifier 19

4.6.8 SVC 19

4.6.9 Gaussian NB 19

4.6.10 Decision Tree 20

4.6.11 Random Forest 20

CHAPTER - 1
COMPANY PROFILE

1.1 History of the Organization:

Himanshu Sharma, a native of Bengaluru, founded the company “Quant masters
training services” in 2019 with just 2 employees. The services offered by the
company aimed at offline providing placement training to the undergraduates
ranging from Quantitative, Logical, Verbal to HR interview preparation.
In the early 2020s, the Shift from offline to online training took place due to
pandemic with 1 st batch going with just 30 students.
In 2021, Quant masters not only achieved a place among MSMEs and became
“Quant masters Technologies private limited” but has trained over 10000+ students
using the online platform with highly qualified educators and mentors guiding them
throughout.
Quant masters when started had a reach only to the Students of Bengaluru region.
But, with its dedicated training and quality services, over 700+ students enroll in our
batches every month from all over the country. The training helps them in getting
placed and likewise many students have brought laurels to Quant Masters.
A brief profile of the founder
Himanshu Sharma
Founder & Director, Quant Masters
Cleared CDS, AFCAT, RBI GRADE B, CAFs, IB, AMCAT (99.99%), CO-CUBES
Recommended as Pilot in Indian Air Force
Oracle Certified Java Programmer- OCJP (95%)
Former Software Developer-Grade 4 @NTT DATA

1.1.1 Objectives
• The essential objective of QUANT MASTERS is to improve the quality of
training and enhance the learning process.
• Most importantly to create engaging and effective learning experiences and
provide a variety of technological information, ideas to encourage curiosity,
stimulate self-confidence through the knowledge and develop practical skills.

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Heart Disease Prediction Introduction
1.1.2 Operation of the Organization
Our mission is to make learning truly interesting and make it easier as well as more
affordable for the students to prepare for their placements or competitive examinations
and help them make a perfect start to their career. There are about 20 people working in
the organization working as intern guides in various platform and trained above 700+
students enroll in our batches every month from all over the country and one of the
corporate institutions for providing internships.

1.2 Major Milestones

Over the years, we have been a team of 40+ members as compared to when we started
with just two! There were a lot of highs and lows, yeses and noes but we never stopped
focussing on our goal.
We always believed that fundamentals of IT technologies can be used to empower the
needful and help them with a great push in their careers. QUANT MASTERS provides
wide range of IT services to help the students and help in company growth providing
betterment of society.
The services offered by the company aimed at offline providing placement training to the
undergraduates ranging from Quantitative, Logical, Verbal to HR interview preparation
• Within 1 year more than 2000+ students of QUANTMASTERS have been placed
in Service, Product and Technology based companies like TATA
CONSULTANCY SERVICES, ACCENTURE ,INFOSYS ,CAPGEMINI LTI
etc.

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Heart Disease Prediction Introduction
1.2 Structure of the Organization
Team:
Himanshu sharma Founder and Director
Deepshikha Raina HR Operations Head
Dinesh Gosai Soft Skill trainer
Ritu Dhudoria Verbal Ability trainer
Harshitha Aliveli Aptitude and Logical Trainer
Anudeep MP Aptitude and Logical Trainer

On-going projects: We start a new placement training batch every 1.5 months.
Currently we are working towards giving quality training cum internships to the
students and give them the practical implications of the related projects. The training
provided by us is also helpful to various students preparing for competitive exams
from different branches- Engineering, Humanity, Commerce, Arts, Management etc.
We will soon be launching our services with regards to various new technological
advancements and certification courses.
1.4 Services Offered
• Quantitative Aptitude
• Technical Training
• Verbal Aptitude
• Logical training
• Soft skills/ Communication Skills
• Resume Building
• LinkedIn Networking
• AI and ML internship
• GD Preparation

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CHAPTER – 2
ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT
2.1 Specific Functionalities of the Department
The department has around 15members that specialize in a variety of fields including
IOT, skill development, ML, AI, Placement Training. I worked under the Machine
Learning domain, which is the scientific study of algorithms and statistical models that
computer systems use to perform a specific task without using explicit instructions,
relying on patterns and inference instead. It is seen as a subset of artificial intelligence
2.2 Process Adopted
SDLC is a process followed for a software project, within a software organization. It
consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or
enhance specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality
of software and the overall development process.
SDLC process as following mentioned steps:
• Planning
• Defining
• Designing
• Building
• Testing
• Deployment

Figure 2.2: Process adopted: SDLC

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Heart Disease Prediction About The Department

2.3 Testing
The various testing techniques used by the department can be summarized as follows:
1.Functionality Testing of a Website: it is a process that includes several testing
parameters like user interface, APIs, database testing, security testing, client and server
testing and basic website functionalities. Functional testing is very convenient and it
allows users to perform both manual and automated testing. It is performed to test the
functionalities of each feature on the website.
2.Usability Testing: This type of testing includes testing the site navigations and contents
of the website.
3.Interface Testing: Three areas to be tested here are Application,Web and Database
Server.
4.Database Testing: Database is one critical component of your web application and
stress must be laid to test it thoroughly Testing activities will include Test if any errors
are shown while executing queries, Data Integrity is maintained while creating, updating
or deleting data in database, Check response time of queries and fine tune them if
necessary, Test data retrieved from your database is shown accurately in your web
application.
5. Compatibility testing: Compatibility tests ensures that your web application displays
correctly across different devices. This would include-Browser Compatibility Test: Same
website in different browsers will display differently. You need to test if your web
application is being displayed correctly across browsers, JavaScript, AJAX and
authentication is working fine.
6. Pipeline testing: After compatibility testing it is the time to test all the micro services
in pipeline together to check their compatibility and message passing.
Thus all the services/functionalities are kept in pipeline and tested together. Afterwards
whole pipeline is pushed in the deployment server.

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Heart Disease Prediction About The Department
2.4 Structure of the Department
The structure of the organization is descripted in the following figure:

Figure 2.3 Department Structure

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Heart Disease Prediction About The Department
2.5 Roles and Responsibilities of Individuals
The different roles and responsibilities of individuals are:
1.Project Manager: Project Managers play the lead role in planning, executing,
monitoring, controlling, and closing projects. They're expected to deliver a project on
time, within the budget, and brief while keeping everyone in the know and happy.
2.Tech Leads: Technical Lead as the name states is solely responsible for leading a
development team. The is not easy. They have to lead a team. Technical Lead is the one
who actually creates a technical vision in order to turn it into reality with the help of the
team.
3.HR Manager: The Human Resource Manager will lead and direct the routine functions
of the Human Resources (HR) department including hiring and interviewing staff,
administering pay, benefits, and leave, and enforcing company policies and practices.
4.Senior Developer: Develops software solutions by studying information needs,
conferring with users, studying systems flow, data usage, and work processes;
investigating problem areas; and following the software development lifecycle. A senior
developer may manage a team of developers and will be expected to encourage creativity
and efficiency throughout complex digital projects. Due to the pressurised nature of the
role, a robust and organised approach to the work is needed to produce the best solutions.
5.Junior Developer: Junior Software Developers are entry-level software developers that
assist the development team with all aspects of software design and coding. Their primary
role is to learn the codebase, attend design meetings, write basic code, fix bugs, and assist
the Development Manager in all design-related tasks.

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CHAPTER – 3
TASK PERFORMED
3.1 Introduction
In this project author is evaluating performance of various classification/prediction
algorithms such as SVM, Naïve Bayes, and Logistic Regression etc to predict heart
disease. All this algorithms are good in prediction but accuracy is not good enough. To
get better prediction accuracy author is combining two classification algorithms such as
Linear Model and Random Forest to build new algorithm called Hybrid Machine
Learning to get better prediction accuracy of heart dataset. Hybrid algorithm will form up
by using Voting classifier, Internally Voting classifier will build up using Linear Model
and Random Forest and while classification voting algorithm will evaluate prediction
accuracy of both algorithms and vote for that algorithm which gives better accuracy. So
by using hybrid model always we will have better prediction accuracy algorithm which
helps in better prediction of heart disease.
It is difficult to identify heart disease because of several contributory risk factors such as
diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, abnormal pulse rate and many other
factors. Various techniques in data mining and neural networks have been employed to
find out the severity of heart disease among humans. The severity of the disease is
classified based on various methods like K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm (KNN), Decision
Trees (DT), Genetic algorithm (GA), and Naive Bayes (NB) .The nature of heart disease
is complex and hence, the disease must be handled carefully. Not doing so may affect the
heart or cause premature death. The perspective of medical science and data mining are
used for discovering various sorts of metabolic syndromes. Data mining with
classification plays a significant role in the prediction of heart disease and data
investigation.
3.2 Problem Statement
There is ample related work in the fields directly related to this paper. ANN has been
introduced to produce the highest accuracy prediction in the medical field. The back
propagation multilayer perception (MLP) of ANN is used to predict heart disease. The
obtained results are compared with the results of existing models within the same domain
and found to be improved

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Heart Disease Prediction Task Performed

3.3 Technology Used

• Goggle Colab/Jupiter Notebook
• Python Programming Language
• Different Python Libraries

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CHAPTER – 4
REFLECTION NOTES

4.1 Experience

The internship has been a really useful experience for me that I can learn a lot of new
knowledge that will definitely be useful for my future study. I’m grateful that my
assignments have a lot of variety instead of just focusing on a specific area. This allows
me to be able to learn more and also challenge myself to overcome many different kinds
of difficulties encountered during my internship. Having many assignments also required
me to manage my work time efficiently prioritizing the urgent task .

Some tasks require me to do research with less available online documentation other task
requires me to make attempts on works that I have never experienced before just by
learning from documentations. Although the task may be difficult and overwhelming
sometimes, I’m really excited to push my skills to the limit and carry out those task
assigned to me.

Beside technical skills, I also observed and learned a lot of soft skills from my supervisors
and my co-workers such as professional communication and team work. I have also
learned a lot from my supervisor who’s always willing to help me when I face difficulties
and also willing to share a lot of his knowledge and wisdom to me from his post
experience.

My internship experience has definitely improved my hard skills in IT and sharpen my

soft skills a lot more than I expected I have shaped a better mind set in me and motivated
me to keep on exploring and challenging myself in the world of information technology.

4.2 Technical Outcomes

• Understand a wide variety of learning algorithms

• Understand how to evaluate models generated from data.

• Apply, the algorithms to real problems

• Optimize the models learned and report on the expectancy accuracy that can be achieved
by applying the models.

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Heart Disease Prediction Reflection Notes
4.2.1 System Requirement Specification
Hardware Requirements

PROCESSOR : Intel i5 RAM : 4GB

HARD DISK : 16GB

Software Requirements

OPERATING SYSTEM : Linux/Windows

BACK-END : Python 3

OTHER BACKEND LIBRARIES : matplotlib, numpy, pandas, sklearn, Seaborn

4.3 System Analysis and Design

4.3.1 Existing System

The traditional detection method mainly depends on the doctor’s vision of treating the
patient and his level of experience, which usually are delayed, inaccurate and not in-time.
After following these methods, it may take time for diagnosing the records and giving the
summary and then treating the patient.

4.3.2 Disadvantages of the Existing System

There are few disadvantages identified in the existing system and are defined below:

i. Inaccurate results

ii. Time complexity is more

4.3.3 Proposed System

In this paper author is evaluating performance of various classification/prediction

algorithms such as SVM, Naïve Bayes, and Logistic Regression etc to predict
heart disease. All this algorithms are good in prediction but accuracy is not good
enough. To get better prediction accuracy author is combining two classification
algorithms such as Linear Model and Random Forest to build new algorithm
called Hybrid Machine Learning to get better prediction accuracy of heart dataset.
Hybrid algorithm will form up by using Voting classifier, Internally Voting
classifier will build up using Linear Model and Random Forest and while
classification voting algorithm will evaluate prediction accuracy of both
algorithms and vote for that algorithm which gives better accuracy. So by using
hybrid model always we will have better prediction accuracy algorithm which
helps in better prediction of heart disease.

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Heart Disease Prediction Reflection Notes
4.3.4 Advantage of the Proposed System

i. Accurate results

ii. Uses real time credit card transaction data

iii. Better Accuracy

iv. Detection of fraud and clean transactions

v. Graphical representation

vi. Cost-efficienccy

4.4 System Architecture

4.4.1 Date Flow Diagram

Figure 4.4.1 : Date Flow Diagram

The above figure represents the data flow diagram of the project.

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Heart Disease Prediction Reflection Notes
4.4.2 Use Case Diagram

Figure 4.4.2 Use Case Diagram

4.4.3 Class Diagram

Figure:4.4.3 Class Diagram

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Heart Disease Prediction Reflection Notes
4.5 Implementation

The project is implemented in the following modules:

• Pre-processing the dataset.

• Training the model using Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines and
KNeighbors Classifier ML algorithms.

• Evaluating the trained model and finding the best algorithm for the project.
4.5.1 Modules

Module 1: Preprocessing the dataset

• This step is performed using sklearn.preprocessing package.

• In general, learning algorithms benefit from standardization of the data set. If
some outliers are present in the set, robust scalers or transformers are more
appropriate.

• So, StandardScaler is used to transform the dataset.

• Visualizing the dataset is done manually

Module 2: Training the model using different ML algorithms

• The different algorithms used for training are K-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic
Regression, Support Vector Machine

• These 3 algorithms are individually trained and tested

Module 3: Evaluating the trained model and finding the best algorithm for the project

• The trained model is evaluated using testing datasets.

• The best algorithm is found by calculating the accuracy of the individual model
• The accuracy is calculated using accuracy_score()function which is present in
sklearn.metrics package

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Heart Disease Prediction Reflection Notes
4.6 Screen Shots

First ,import all the libraries/packages which are necessary to analyse the dataset

Figure 4.6.1 Python libraries

Next ,we have to insert the dataset which is present in the local system using pandas
library

Figure 4.6.2 Heart Dataset

Next about rows and columns of the dataset

Figure 4.6.3 Rows and columns

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Heart Disease Prediction Reflection Notes

Using Calculating Correlation Matrix

Figure 4.6.4 Correlation Matrix

Plotting different graphs

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Heart Disease Prediction Reflection Notes

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Heart Disease Prediction Reflection Notes

Figure 4.6.5 Graphs of dataset

Training and testing the model using Logistic Regression

Figure 4.6.6 Logistic Regression

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Heart Disease Prediction Reflection Notes
Training and testing the model using KNeighbors Classifier

Figure 4.6.7 KNeighbors Classifier

Training and testing the model using SVC

Figure 4.6.8 SVC

Training and testing the model using Gaussian NB

Figure 4.6.9 Gaussian NB

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Heart Disease Prediction Reflection Notes
Training and testing the model using Decision Tree

Figure 4.6.10 Decision Tree

Training and testing the model using Random Forest

Figure 4.6.11 Random Forest

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CHAPTER – 4
CONCLUSION

At the end of this project, we have acquired the result of an accurate value of using a
random forest algorithm with new enhancements. In comparison to existing modules, this
proposed module is applicable for the dataset and provides more accurate results. The
Random forest algorithm will provide better performance with many training data, but
speed during testing and application will still suffer. Usage of more pre-processing
techniques would also assist.In this project, we have seen that the accuracy of Random
Forest Algorithm is best when compared to other algorithms.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
[1] Machine Learning with Python: Design and Develop Machine Learning and Deep
LearningTechnique using real world code examples, Abhishek Vijayvargia, 1st Edition, 2019.
[2]Python GUI Programming - A Complete Reference Guide: Develop responsive and powerful
GUI applications with PyQt and Tkinter, Alan D. Moore, B. M. Harwani, 2019.
[3]Machine Learning for Beginners: The Definitive Guide to Neural Networks, Random Forests,
and Decision Trees, Jennifer Grange, 2017.
[4] A. S. Abdullah and R. R. Rajalaxmi, ‘‘A data mining model for predicting the coronary heart
disease using random forest classifier,’’ in Proc. Int. Conf. Recent Trends Comput. Methods,
Commun. Controls, Apr. 2012, pp. 22–25.
[5] A. H. Alkeshuosh, M. Z. Moghadam, I. Al Mansoori, and M. Abdar, ‘‘Using PSO algorithm for
producing best rules in diagnosis of heart disease,’’ in Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Appl. (ICCA), Sep.
2017,pp.306–311.
https://www.kaggle.com/datasets?fileType=csv

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 APPENDIX

Appendix A: Abbreviation

MSME : Micro Small And Medium Enterprise

SVM : Support Vector Machine
SDLC : Software Development Life Cycle
ANN : Artificial Neural Network
Gaussian NB : Gaussian Naïve Bayes

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