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Mind Map of Structured Query Language (SQL)

Presentation · August 2024

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.32841.15200

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Ala'a M. Al-Momani
Universiti Sains Malaysia
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 SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, Country FROM Customers; SELECT CustomerID, ContactName, City FROM Customers
SELECT * FROM Customers; Where City = "London";

SELECT: This keyword initiates a query and tells the database that you're
going to specify which columns you want to retrieve. In this case, using *,
which is a wildcard character that means "all columns.

FROM: This keyword specifies which table to pull data from. Here, it's telling
the SQL engine to look in the table named Customers.

Customers: This is the name of the table from which the data will be
retrieved.

SQL Statement
Retrieve Specific Where 3
Columns
1 2 Clause
SELECT * FROM Products here Price > 30 AND SupplierID = 11 SELECT * FROM Products Where Price <25;
Order by Price;

"ORDER BY"
Clause
Less
8 4 than

"ORDER BY"
6 5
Greater
7 Clause “AND”
than
Operator

SELECT * FROM Products here Price > 30 AND SupplierID = 11 SELECT * FROM Products Where Price >25 AND SupplierID = 3; SELECT * FROM Products Where Price >25;
Order by Price DESC;
 SELECT * FROM Products SELECT * FROM Products SELECT * FROM Products
WHERE ProductName = 'Chang' OR 'Chais'; WHERE ProductName IN ('Chais','Chang','Konbu'); WHERE Price BETWEEN 20 AND 30;

“OR” “IN”
“BETWEEN”
3
1 Operator Operator
2 Operator
SELECT Country, Count(*) as "No of records" FROM Customers SELECT Count(*) FROM Customers;
Group By Country Order by 2;

ALIAS
Record
8 4

"ORDER BY" 6 5
&
7 "Group By"
"Group By"
Clause “MAX”

SELECT Country, Count(*) FROM Customers SELECT Country, Count(*) FROM Customers SELECT MAX(Price) FROM Products;
Group By Country Order by 2; Group By Country;
https://www.mysql.com/downloads/

Download Download 3
1 SQL
Download
SQL 2 SQL

Text
Area
8 4

Information 6 5
about Tables
7 Tables Schemas
 SQL Commands SQL Commands
2- DDL (Data Definition Language)
1- DQL (Data Query Language)
❑ Purpose: Used to define and modify the structure of database objects like tables,
❑ Purpose: Used to query the database and retrieve data.
schemas, indexes, and database links.
❑ Key Command: ❑ Key Command:
✓ CREATE: To create new database objects.
SELECT: This is the primary command used in DQL to query data from the
✓ ALTER: To modify existing database objects.
database. It can be combined with various clauses like WHERE, GROUP BY, ✓ DROP: To delete database objects.
✓ TRUNCATE: To remove all records from a table, including all spaces allocated
HAVING, and ORDER BY to filter, group, and order the data accordingly.
for the records are removed.

Create a SQL SQL 3

1 Commands
Table Commands 2
SQL Commands
3- DML (Data Manipulation Language)

❑ Purpose: Used to insert, update, delete, and manipulate data in the database.

❑ Key Command:
“LIMIT”
8 4 ❖ INSERT: To add new rows to a table.

❖ UPDATE: To modify existing data.

❖ DELETE: To remove data from a table.

6 5
“SELECT”
7 SQL
Commands

SQL Commands SQL Commands

5- TCL (Transaction Control Language)
4- DCL (Data Control Language)
❑ Purpose: Used to manage the changes made by DML statements, providing a
way to handle transactions within a database. ❑ Purpose: Used to define access permissions and security levels.

❑ Key Command: ❑ Key Command:

❖ COMMIT: To save all changes made during the current transaction.
❖ ROLLBACK: To revert changes since the last COMMIT. ❖ GRANT: To provide a user with access privileges to the database.
❖ SAVEPOINT: To create points within groups of transactions in which to
ROLLBACK. ❖ REVOKE: To remove access privileges provided by the GRANT command.
❖ SET TRANSACTION: To specify characteristics for the transaction.
 “ROUND” 3
1 “DISTINCT”
2

UPPER
8 4

6 5
RAND
7 ABS
 LENGTH 3
1 LOWER
2

TRIM
8 4

6 5
RTRIM
7 LTRIM
 PLACE 3
1 LOCATE
2

8 4

6
CREATE A
7 TABLE 5
USE
 DROP 3
1 MODIFY
2

PRIMARY
KEY
8 4

6 5
DELETE
7 UPDATE
 1 FOREIGN JOIN 3
KEY 2

SUB-
QUERY
8 4

6 5
SUB-QUERY
7 FULL OUTER
JOIN

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